煤矿充填开采覆岩连续变形移动规律及曲率模型研究
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摘要
为了进一步探究充填开采覆岩移动变形规律,基于充填开采覆岩移动变形特征,给出了充填开采岩层"连续曲形梁"的定义。在分析覆岩变形与曲率关系的基础上,建立了充填开采岩层曲率模型,提出采用曲率来评价充填开采覆岩的变形特征,导出了岩层曲率K的计算公式,揭示了充实率与岩层曲率之间的关系,并分析得出充实率、采厚及关键层是影响覆岩曲率的关键因素,支架长度对覆岩曲率也有一定的影响,提出采用曲率理论模型评价充填的效果。依据不同层位高度的岩层曲率变化特征,提出以极限曲率作为岩层破断的判别标准,判断不同充实率条件下岩层破断位置,并计算了直接顶、基本顶不破断的临界充实率,结果与钻孔实测结果基本一致。
To further investigate the overburden strata movement and deformation law of coal backfill mining, a concept of"continuous curved beam" of coal backfill mining was defined based on the overburden strata movement and deformation characteristics of coal backfill mining. On the basis of analyzing relationship between overburden strata deformation and curvature, a model was established for overburden strata curvature of coal backfill mining. The curvature was proposed to evaluate the deformation characteristics of rock strata. A formula of calculating the curvature K of overburden strata was deduced to reveal the relationship between compression ratio and overburden strata curvature. Compression ratio, thickness and key strata were found to be key factors influencing overburden strata curvature according to the curvature model, meanwhile, the support length also had some effect on overburden strata curvature. Thus, the curvature theoretical model was adopted to evaluate the effect of backfill mining.According to curvature variation features of overburden strata at different layer heights, the limit curvature was proposed as the criterion to judge the fracture location of strata under different compression ratios. The critical compression ratios of immediate roof and main roof without breaking were calculated, and were basically consistent with borehole measurement.
To further investigate the overburden strata movement and deformation law of coal backfill mining, a concept of"continuous curved beam" of coal backfill mining was defined based on the overburden strata movement and deformation characteristics of coal backfill mining. On the basis of analyzing relationship between overburden strata deformation and curvature, a model was established for overburden strata curvature of coal backfill mining. The curvature was proposed to evaluate the deformation characteristics of rock strata. A formula of calculating the curvature K of overburden strata was deduced to reveal the relationship between compression ratio and overburden strata curvature. Compression ratio, thickness and key strata were found to be key factors influencing overburden strata curvature according to the curvature model, meanwhile, the support length also had some effect on overburden strata curvature. Thus, the curvature theoretical model was adopted to evaluate the effect of backfill mining.According to curvature variation features of overburden strata at different layer heights, the limit curvature was proposed as the criterion to judge the fracture location of strata under different compression ratios. The critical compression ratios of immediate roof and main roof without breaking were calculated, and were basically consistent with borehole measurement.
引文
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[27]国家安全监管总局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2017.State Administration of Work Safety.Code for coal pillar leaving and coal mining under building,water body,railway and main shaft[S].Beijing:China Coal Industry Press,2017.
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[2]刘长友,杨培举,侯朝炯,等.充填开采时上覆岩层的活动规律和稳定性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):166-169.LIU Chang-you,YANG Pei-ju,HOU Chao-jiong,et al.Movement law and stability analysis of overlaying strata under the condition of mining with filling[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):166-169.
[3]缪协兴,张吉雄.矸石充填采煤中的矿压显现规律分析[J].采矿工程与安全学报,2007,24(4):379-382.MIAO Xie-xing,ZHANG Ji-xiong.Analysis of strata behavior in the process of coal mining by gangue backfilling[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(4):379-382.
[4]缪协兴,黄艳利,巨峰,等.密实充填采煤的岩层移动理论研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(6):863-867.MIAO Xie-xing,HUANG Yan-li,JU Feng,et al.Strata movement theory of dense backfilling mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(6):863-867
[5]张吉雄,李剑,安泰龙,等.矸石充填综采覆岩关键层变形特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):357-362.ZHANG Ji-xiong,LI Jian,AN Tai-long,et al.Deformation characteristic of key stratum overburden by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):357-362.
[6]冯光明,贾凯军,李凤凯,等.超高水材料开放式充填开采覆岩控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(6):841-845.FENG Guang-ming,JIA Kai-jun,LI Feng-kai,et al.Research on overburden strata control using a super high water content material during open backfill mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(6):841-845.
[7]常庆粮,周华强,柏建彪,等.膏体充填开采覆岩稳定性研究与实践[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(2):279-282.CHANG Qing-liang,ZHOU Hua-qiang,BAI Jian-biao,et al.Stability study and practice of overlying strata with paste backfilling[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(2):279-282.
[8]王家臣,杨胜利,杨宝贵,等.长壁矸石充填开采上覆岩层移动特征模拟实验[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1256-1262.WANG Jia-chen,YANG Sheng-li,YANG Bao-gui,et al.Simulation experiment of overlying strata movement features of longwall with gangue backfill mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1256-1262.
[9]刘建功,赵家巍,李蒙蒙,等.煤矿充填开采连续曲形梁形成与岩层控制理论[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):383-391.LIU Jian-gong,ZHAO Jia-wei,LI Meng-meng.Continuous curved beam formation and strata control theory in coal backfill mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):383-391.
[10]同济大学数学系.高等数学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:169-176.Mathematics School of Tongji University.Higher mathematic[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007:169-176.
[11]KRAUS K,KAREL W,BRIESE C,et al.Local accuracy measures for digital terrain models[J].The Photogrammetric Record,2006(21):342-354.
[12]何国清,杨伦,凌赓娣,等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学,1990.HE Guo-qing,YANG Lun,LING Geng-di,et al.Mining subsidence[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology Press,1991.
[13]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.褶皱构造的曲率分析及其裂缝估算--以江汉盆地王场褶皱为例[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2004,34(4):517-521.LI Zhi-yong,ZENG Zuo-xun,LUO Wen-qian.Curvature analysis and fracture estimating of folds--A case study of Wangchang fold in Jianghan[J].Basin Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2004,34(4):517-521.
[14]赵文韬,候贵廷,鞠玮,等.库车东部碎屑岩地层曲率对裂缝发育的影响[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(6):1059-1068.ZHAO Wen-tao,HOU Gui-ting,JU Wei,et al.Influence of layer curvature on the fracture growth of clastic rock in east Kuqa[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2015,51(6):1059-1068.
[15]赵争光,杨瑞召,张凯淞,等.基于最大主曲率的煤储层渗透性预测方法[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(2):39-44.ZHAO Zheng-guang,YANG Rui-zhao,ZHANGKai-song,et al.Method and application of coal reservoir permeability prediction based on maximum principal curvature[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2014,42(2):39-44.
[16]杜文凤,彭苏萍,黎咸威.基于地震层曲率属性预测煤层裂隙[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(增刊):30-33.DU Wen-feng,PENG Su-ping,LI Xian-wei.Seismic horizon curvature attribute for predicting coal seam fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(Suppl.):30-33.
[17]高延法,黄万朋,刘国磊,等.覆岩导水裂缝与岩层拉伸变形量的关系研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(3):301-306.GAO Yan-fa,HUANG Wan-peng,LIU Guo-lei,et al.The relationship between permeable fractured zone and rock stratum tensile deformation[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(3):301-306.
[18]李飞,王金安,李鹏飞,等.山区下开采覆岩移动规律及破断机制研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(4):1089-1095.LI Fei,WANG Jin-an,LI Peng-fei,et al.Research on movement behavior and failure mechanism of overlying strata caused by mining at mountainous field[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(4):1089-1095.
[19]左建平,孙运江,钱鸣高.厚松散层覆岩移动机理及“类双曲线”模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,6(42):1372-1379.ZUO Jian-ping,SUN Yun-jiang,QIAN Ming-gao.Movement mechanism and analogous hyperbola model of overlying strata with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,6(42):1372-1379.
[20]左建平,曹光明,孙运江,等.大采高综放开采围岩破坏力学与控制技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.ZUO Jian-ping,CAO Guang-ming,SUN Yun-jiang,et al.Failure mechanics of mining surrounding rock and practice of coordinative control in full space[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[21]汪北方,梁冰,孙可明,等.典型浅埋煤层长壁开采覆岩采动响应与控制研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(9):2693-2700.WANG Bei-fang,LIANG Bing,SUN Ke-ming,et al.Research on overlying strata response and control during typical shallow coal seam longwall mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(9):2693-2700.
[22]HUANG Yan-li,ZHANG Ji-xiong,AN Bai-fu,et al.Overlying strata movement law in fully mechanized coal mining and backfilling longwall face by similar physical simulation[J].Journal of Mining Science,2011,47(5):618-627.
[23]王磊,张鲜妮,郭广礼,等.固体密实充填开采地表沉陷预计模型研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(7):1973-1978.WANG Lei,ZHANG Xian-ni,GUO Guang-li,et al.Research on surface subsidence prediction model of coal mining with solid compacted backfilling[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(7):1973-1978.
[24]李蒙蒙.采动条件下充填开采力学模型及模拟分析研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2016:28-36.LI Meng-meng.Filling mining mechanical model and simulation analysis under the condition of mining[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing,2016:28-36.
[25]刘光文.矸石充填开采覆岩连续曲形梁模型及模拟分析[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017:40-45.LIU Guang-wen.Model and Simulation Analysis of Overlying strand continuous curved beam in waste rock fill mining[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing,2017:40-45.
[26]黄艳利.固体密实充填采煤的矿压控制理论与应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.HUANG Yan-li.Ground control theory and application of solid dense backfill in coal mines[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.
[27]国家安全监管总局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2017.State Administration of Work Safety.Code for coal pillar leaving and coal mining under building,water body,railway and main shaft[S].Beijing:China Coal Industry Press,2017.
[28]孙训方,方孝淑,关来泰,等.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.SUN Xun-fang,FANG Xiao-shu,GUAN Lai-tai,et al.Material mechanics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009.
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