电化学法处理养殖粪便重金属的研究
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摘要
对浏阳市永安镇某养殖场养殖粪便中Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)等重金属离子的含量进行了分析,并以石墨板为阳极、不锈钢板为阴极的电化学方法对养殖粪便进行处理,考察了电解电压、电解时间等因素,对样品不同区域pH值以及Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)等重金属离子处理效果的影响,同时计算能源消耗费用。结果表明:阳极区域的pH值呈下降的趋势,阴极区域的p H值呈上升的趋势,且反应稳定后阴极和阳极区域的pH值之和等于14;在反应器中的不同区域内,各重金属离子的去除效果均不同,阳极区域的去除效果最佳;在样品初始浓度为90 g/L、pH 6.82的条件下,当电压为40 V,电解时间为4 h时,对养殖粪便的处理效果与费用最佳,此时反应器中Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)等重金属离子的去除率分别为62.32%、79.78%、55.37%、58.56%,处理1 m3的养殖粪便所需的费用为10.75元。
The heavy metals such as Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+) in the livestock manure from one farm in Yong'an Town, Liuyang City were treated with the electrochemical method of graphite as anode and stainless steel plate as cathode. The effects of electrolytic voltage and electrolytic time on pH value and heavy metals(Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+)) of livestock manure were studied. Moreover, the cost of energy consumption for removal heavy metals from livestock manure was calculated. The results showed that the pH value of manure in the anode region decreased, while it in the cathode region increased. The sum of the pH values of the cathode and the anode area was 14 under reaction stability condition. In different regions of the reactor, the removal effect of different heavy metals was different; in particular, the removal effect of heavy metals among the anode region was the best. Under the initial concentration of the sample 90 g/L, pH 6.82, voltage 40 V, and the reaction time4 h, the removal of heavy metals from livestock manure reached the optimal balance between effect and cost.The removal percentage of Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+) from livestock manure was 62.32%, 79.78%, 55.37%, and 58.56%, respectively. In this case, the cost of treating 1 m3 of manure was RMB 10.75.
The heavy metals such as Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+) in the livestock manure from one farm in Yong'an Town, Liuyang City were treated with the electrochemical method of graphite as anode and stainless steel plate as cathode. The effects of electrolytic voltage and electrolytic time on pH value and heavy metals(Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+)) of livestock manure were studied. Moreover, the cost of energy consumption for removal heavy metals from livestock manure was calculated. The results showed that the pH value of manure in the anode region decreased, while it in the cathode region increased. The sum of the pH values of the cathode and the anode area was 14 under reaction stability condition. In different regions of the reactor, the removal effect of different heavy metals was different; in particular, the removal effect of heavy metals among the anode region was the best. Under the initial concentration of the sample 90 g/L, pH 6.82, voltage 40 V, and the reaction time4 h, the removal of heavy metals from livestock manure reached the optimal balance between effect and cost.The removal percentage of Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+) from livestock manure was 62.32%, 79.78%, 55.37%, and 58.56%, respectively. In this case, the cost of treating 1 m3 of manure was RMB 10.75.
引文
[1]杨慧敏.畜禽粪便中重金属的去除研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2010.
[2]唐继伟,林治安,许建薪,等.有机肥与无机肥在提高土壤肥力中的作用[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(3):44-47.
[3]徐大兵,邓建强,彭五星,等.施用牛粪和绿肥对土地整治区玉米产量和土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):856-862.
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[5]李焕友,甄辑铭,何叶如,等.绿色饲料添加剂--小肽剂在肉猪饲料中的应用[J].饲料研究,2005(3):1-3.
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[12]熊长齐,刘念惠,吴燿嶷,等.电还原法处理模拟污水中重金属Cd研究[J].广东化工,2017,44(16):176-178.
[13]郝秀珍,周东美.畜禽粪中重金属环境行为研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(4):509-513.
[14]Aarnink A J A,Verstegen M W A.Nutrition,key factor to reduce environmental load from pig production[J].Livestock Science,2007,109(1):194-203.
[15]Nicholson F A,Chambers B J,Williams J R,et al.Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales[J].Bioresource Technology,1999,70(1):23-31.
[16]朱海生,陈志宇,栾冬梅.畜禽粪便的综合利用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(4):59-60.
[17]李淑芹,胡玖坤.畜禽粪便污染及治理技术[J].可再生能源,2003(1):21-23.
[18]刘敏超,李花粉,温小乐.畜禽废弃物的污染治理[J].畜牧与兽医,2002,34(9):16-17.
[19]许飞利,潘晓亮.畜牧业环境污染控制的研究进展[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2007(3):9-12.
[20]孙胜龙,高龙君,隋延婷,等.吉林省畜禽养殖业的环境问题及防治技术[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(3):452-454.
[21]Tadabaru I.A Scheme of Environmental Improvement by Circulation of Organic Matter Between Urban and Rural Areas[J].Metro Manila:University of the Phlippines Press,2002:241-294
[22]范梅华,张建华.环境友好型社会下如何处理畜禽粪便[J].中国禽业导刊,2006(24):18-21.
[23]马强,白献晓,魏凤仙,等.畜禽粪便无害化处理技术探讨[J].河南农业科学,2007,36(1):109-111.
[24]李庆康.畜禽粪便无害化处理及肥料化利用[J].中国家禽,2002,24(8):7-9.
[25]丁瑾,朱南文,宋立杰.电化学预处理提高剩余污泥好氧消化性能研究[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(5):52-56.
[26]顾祝禹,艾克拜尔·伊拉洪,吐尔逊·吐尔洪.电化学方法去除污泥中重金属的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2547-2551.
[27]罗志勇.电化学法处理重金属废水的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(16):6-10.
[28]于法标.用于细胞内具有重要生物学意义的活性小分子物种的高选择性识别的新型荧光探针的合成研究及其在生物体系中的应用[D].济南:山东师范大学,2009.
[29]魏德洲,周东琴,张怡.草分枝杆菌吸附-浮选重金属的表面化学特征[C]//中国环境科学学会2006年学术年会优秀论文集(中卷).2006.
[30]蔡宗平.电动修复铅锌矿场周边重金属污染土壤[D].广州:华南师范大学,2016.
[31]罗宗鸿.对还原三氧化二铁实验的改进[J].玉溪师范学院学报,1992(2):66-67.
[2]唐继伟,林治安,许建薪,等.有机肥与无机肥在提高土壤肥力中的作用[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(3):44-47.
[3]徐大兵,邓建强,彭五星,等.施用牛粪和绿肥对土地整治区玉米产量和土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):856-862.
[4]于晓云,原志伟.烟台市畜禽养殖粪污及病死畜禽无害化处理现状[J].山东畜牧兽医,2016,37(10):41-43.
[5]李焕友,甄辑铭,何叶如,等.绿色饲料添加剂--小肽剂在肉猪饲料中的应用[J].饲料研究,2005(3):1-3.
[6]吴海燕,周勋波,辛惠普,等.寒地水稻秆腐菌核病菌的生物学研究[J].植物保护,2005,31(4):48-52.
[7]钟国清.第三代微量元素添加剂的研究进展[J].饲料工业,1996(2):23-26.
[8]吴燕玉,陈怀满.Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As复合污染在农田生态系统的迁移动态研究[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(4):407-412.
[9]郑景华,赵晓宁,刘志斌.重金属离子对好氧活性污泥活性影响的研究[J].露天采矿技术,2011(2):75-78.
[10]曾艳.重金属吸附剂-改性稻草纤维素球的制备及其性能研究[D].南充:西华师范大学,2005.
[11]杨家玲.重金属离子废水处理方法[J].天津师范大学学报,1993(3):38-42.
[12]熊长齐,刘念惠,吴燿嶷,等.电还原法处理模拟污水中重金属Cd研究[J].广东化工,2017,44(16):176-178.
[13]郝秀珍,周东美.畜禽粪中重金属环境行为研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(4):509-513.
[14]Aarnink A J A,Verstegen M W A.Nutrition,key factor to reduce environmental load from pig production[J].Livestock Science,2007,109(1):194-203.
[15]Nicholson F A,Chambers B J,Williams J R,et al.Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales[J].Bioresource Technology,1999,70(1):23-31.
[16]朱海生,陈志宇,栾冬梅.畜禽粪便的综合利用[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2004(4):59-60.
[17]李淑芹,胡玖坤.畜禽粪便污染及治理技术[J].可再生能源,2003(1):21-23.
[18]刘敏超,李花粉,温小乐.畜禽废弃物的污染治理[J].畜牧与兽医,2002,34(9):16-17.
[19]许飞利,潘晓亮.畜牧业环境污染控制的研究进展[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2007(3):9-12.
[20]孙胜龙,高龙君,隋延婷,等.吉林省畜禽养殖业的环境问题及防治技术[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(3):452-454.
[21]Tadabaru I.A Scheme of Environmental Improvement by Circulation of Organic Matter Between Urban and Rural Areas[J].Metro Manila:University of the Phlippines Press,2002:241-294
[22]范梅华,张建华.环境友好型社会下如何处理畜禽粪便[J].中国禽业导刊,2006(24):18-21.
[23]马强,白献晓,魏凤仙,等.畜禽粪便无害化处理技术探讨[J].河南农业科学,2007,36(1):109-111.
[24]李庆康.畜禽粪便无害化处理及肥料化利用[J].中国家禽,2002,24(8):7-9.
[25]丁瑾,朱南文,宋立杰.电化学预处理提高剩余污泥好氧消化性能研究[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(5):52-56.
[26]顾祝禹,艾克拜尔·伊拉洪,吐尔逊·吐尔洪.电化学方法去除污泥中重金属的研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2547-2551.
[27]罗志勇.电化学法处理重金属废水的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(16):6-10.
[28]于法标.用于细胞内具有重要生物学意义的活性小分子物种的高选择性识别的新型荧光探针的合成研究及其在生物体系中的应用[D].济南:山东师范大学,2009.
[29]魏德洲,周东琴,张怡.草分枝杆菌吸附-浮选重金属的表面化学特征[C]//中国环境科学学会2006年学术年会优秀论文集(中卷).2006.
[30]蔡宗平.电动修复铅锌矿场周边重金属污染土壤[D].广州:华南师范大学,2016.
[31]罗宗鸿.对还原三氧化二铁实验的改进[J].玉溪师范学院学报,1992(2):66-67.
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