脉冲超声工艺对ZL205A合金微观组织及偏析的影响
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摘要
通过测试与分析不同脉冲超声功率、施振时间、脉冲超声频率下ZL205A合金微观组织及Cu元素含量,系统研究脉冲超声工艺对ZL205A合金微观组织及偏析的影响。结果表明:脉冲超声工艺对ZL205A合金微观组织及偏析影响的显著。随着的脉冲超声功率、施振时间、脉冲超声频率增大,ZL205A合金的组织越来越细小且圆整,随后ZL205A合金的组织又逐渐粗大且不规则。最佳脉冲超声工艺为脉冲超声功率1200 W、施振时间120s、脉冲超声频率1.67Hz。脉冲超声工艺改变Cu元素在a(Al)中的分布曲线,在一定范围内提高Cu元素的有效分配系数k_e,对脉冲超声功率与施振时间影响较大,改变Cu元素在凝固过程中溶质再分配行为,改善ZL205A合金微观偏析。
The effect of pulsed ultrasonic process on the microstructure and microsegregation of ZL205 A alloy was studied systemically through testing and analyzing the microstructure and Cu element content under different pulsed ultrasonic powers, applying vibration time and pulsed ultrasonic frequency. The results indicate that the pulse ultrasonic process has significant effects on the microstructure and microsegregation of ZL205 A alloy. With the increase of pulsed ultrasonic power, applying vibration time and pulsed ultrasonic frequency, the microstructures of ZL205 A alloy become more and more fine and round, however, with further increasing, the microstructure turns rough and irregular. The optimal pulse ultrasonic process is pulsed ultrasonic power of 1200 W, applying vibration time of 120 s and pulsed ultrasonic frequency of 1.67 Hz. Meanwhile, the pulsed ultrasonic process has changed the distribution curve of Cu element in a(Al), and the effective distribution coefficient k_e of Cu element is improved within a certain range, especially,the effects of the pulsed ultrasonic power and applying vibration time are significant, which change the behavior of Cu element solute redistribution in the process of solidification and improve the microsegregation of ZL205 A alloy.
The effect of pulsed ultrasonic process on the microstructure and microsegregation of ZL205 A alloy was studied systemically through testing and analyzing the microstructure and Cu element content under different pulsed ultrasonic powers, applying vibration time and pulsed ultrasonic frequency. The results indicate that the pulse ultrasonic process has significant effects on the microstructure and microsegregation of ZL205 A alloy. With the increase of pulsed ultrasonic power, applying vibration time and pulsed ultrasonic frequency, the microstructures of ZL205 A alloy become more and more fine and round, however, with further increasing, the microstructure turns rough and irregular. The optimal pulse ultrasonic process is pulsed ultrasonic power of 1200 W, applying vibration time of 120 s and pulsed ultrasonic frequency of 1.67 Hz. Meanwhile, the pulsed ultrasonic process has changed the distribution curve of Cu element in a(Al), and the effective distribution coefficient k_e of Cu element is improved within a certain range, especially,the effects of the pulsed ultrasonic power and applying vibration time are significant, which change the behavior of Cu element solute redistribution in the process of solidification and improve the microsegregation of ZL205 A alloy.
引文
[1]WANG Ye,WU Shi-ping,XUE Xiang,CHEN Rui-run,ZHANG Jian-bing,XIAO Wen-feng.Formation mechanism and criterion of linear segregation in ZL205A alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(11):3632-3638.
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[3]FAN Xue-yi,WANG Liang,DU Zhi-qiang,SU Yan-qing,ZHANG Jian-bing,LUO Liang-shun,LIU Zu-chuan,XUDa-ming,GUO Jing-jie.Effect of excitation current intensity on mechanical properties of ZL205A castings solidified under a traveling magnetic field[J].China Foundry,2015,12(3):196-201.
[4]GUO Hong-min,ZHANG Ai-sheng,YANG Xiang-jie,YANMing-ming.Grain refinement of Al-5%Cu aluminum alloy under mechanical vibration using meltable vibrating probe[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(8):2489-2496.
[5]罗执,张杨,赵愈亮,张卫文.复合场作用下Al-5.0Cu-1.0Fe合金的显微组织和力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(4):707-714.LUO Zhi,ZHANG Yang,ZHAO Yu-liang,ZHANG Wei-wen.Microstructure and mechanical property of Al-5.0Cu-1.0Fe alloy treated by compound field[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(4):707-714
[6]彭洪美,李晓谦,蒋日鹏.熔体超声处理对7050铝合金铸锭微观偏析的影响[J].北京理工大学学报,2016,36(11):1105-1110.PENG Hong-mei,LI Xiao-qian,JIANG Ri-peng.Effect of ultrasonic treatment on ingot microsegregation of 7050aluminum alloy[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2016,36(11):1105-1110.
[7]ESKIN G I.Improvement of the structure and properties of ingots and worked aluminum alloy semifinished products by melt ultrasonic treatment in a cavitation regime[J].Metallurgist,2010,54(7):505-513.
[8]LEBON G S B,ESKIN D G,PERICLEOUS K.Investigation of the factors influencing cavitation intensity during the ultrasonic treatment of molten aluminium[J].Materials and Design,2016,90:979-983.
[9]TZANAKIS I,XU W W,ESKIN D G,LEE P D,KOTSOVINOS N.In situ observation and analysis of ultrasonic capillary effect in molten aluminium[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2015,27:72-80.
[10]HAGHAYEGHI R,EZZATNESHAN E,BAHAI H.Experimental-numerical study of AA5754 microstructural evolution under electromagnetic ultrasonic merged fields[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2015,225:103-109.
[11]JIANG R P,LI X Q,ZHANG M.Investigation on the mechanism of grain refinement in aluminum alloy solidified under ultrasonic vibration[J].Metals and Materials International,2015,21(1):104-108.
[12]李健.超声波电源脉冲特性及其试验[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.LI Jian.Pulse characteristics and experiment of ultrasonic wave power[D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.
[13]黎正华,李晓谦,张明.超声作用下半连铸7050铝合金的偏析行为及形成机制[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(2):318-324.LI Zheng-hua,LI Xiao-qian,ZHANG Ming.Segregation behavior and formation mechanism of 7050 aluminum alloy produced by semi-continus casting under ultrasonic field[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(2):318-324.
[14]GANESAN M,THUINET L,DYE D,LEE P D.Quantification of microsegregation in cast Al-Si-Cu alloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2007,38:557-566.
[15]钟华,李传军,王江,任忠鸣,钟云波,玄伟东.强磁场对定向凝固Al-4.5Cu合金微观偏析的影响[J].金属学报,2016,52(5):575-582.ZHONG Hua,LI Chuan-jun,WANG Jiang,REN Zhong-ming,ZHONG Yun-bo,XUAN Wei-dong.Effect of high static magnetic field on microsegregation of directionally solidified Al-4.5Cu alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2016,52(5):575-582.
[16]陈丹丹,张海涛,王向杰,崔建忠.低频电磁铸造Al-4.5%Cu合金微观偏析研究[J].金属学报,2011,47(2):185.CHEN Dan-dan,ZHANG Hai-tao,WANG Xiang-jie,CUIJian-zhong.Investigation on microsegregation of Al-4.5%Cu alloy produced by low frequency electromagnetic casting[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2011,47(2):185.
[17]ESKIN G I,MAKAROV G S.Effect of cavitation melt treatment on the structure refinement and property improvement in cast and deformed hypereutectic Al-Si alloys[J].Materials Science Forum,1997,242:65-70
[18]严青松,芦刚,李成,沈加利.超声功率-凝固压力协同作用对真空差压铸造铝合金二次枝晶间距的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(1):51-56.YAN Qing-song,LU Gang,LI Cheng,SHEN Jia-li.Effect of synergistic action between ultrasonic power and solidification pressure on secondary dendrite arm spacing of vacuum counter-pressure casting aluminum alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(1):51-56.
[19]HUANG Hai-jun,XU Yi-fan,SHU Da,HAN Yan-feng,WANGJun,SUN Bao-de.Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on structure refinement of solidified high purity aluminum[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(7):2414-2419.
[20]何迁.功率超声对铝及铝合金凝固过程的影响[D].北京:清华大学,2008.HE Qian.Effect of power ultrasonic treatment on solidification process of pure aluminum and aluminum alloy[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2008.
[21]BENALI A,LACAZE-DUFAURE C,MORILLO J.Density functional study of copper segregation in aluminum[J].Surface Science,2011,605(3):341-350.
[22]LOKKER J P,B?TTGER A J,SLOOF W G,TICHELAAR F D,JANSSEN G C A M,RADELAAR S.Phase transformations in Al-Cu thin films:Precipitation and copper redistribution[J].Acta Materialia,2001,49(8):1339-1349.
[23]戴斌煜,王薇薇.金属液态成形原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.DAI Bin-yu,WANG Wei-wei.Liquid metal forming theory[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2010.
[2]LI B,SHEN Y F,WEI Y.Casting defects induced fatigue damage in aircraft frames of ZL205A aluminum alloy:A failure analysis[J].Materials and Design,2011,32:2570-2582.
[3]FAN Xue-yi,WANG Liang,DU Zhi-qiang,SU Yan-qing,ZHANG Jian-bing,LUO Liang-shun,LIU Zu-chuan,XUDa-ming,GUO Jing-jie.Effect of excitation current intensity on mechanical properties of ZL205A castings solidified under a traveling magnetic field[J].China Foundry,2015,12(3):196-201.
[4]GUO Hong-min,ZHANG Ai-sheng,YANG Xiang-jie,YANMing-ming.Grain refinement of Al-5%Cu aluminum alloy under mechanical vibration using meltable vibrating probe[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(8):2489-2496.
[5]罗执,张杨,赵愈亮,张卫文.复合场作用下Al-5.0Cu-1.0Fe合金的显微组织和力学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2016,26(4):707-714.LUO Zhi,ZHANG Yang,ZHAO Yu-liang,ZHANG Wei-wen.Microstructure and mechanical property of Al-5.0Cu-1.0Fe alloy treated by compound field[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(4):707-714
[6]彭洪美,李晓谦,蒋日鹏.熔体超声处理对7050铝合金铸锭微观偏析的影响[J].北京理工大学学报,2016,36(11):1105-1110.PENG Hong-mei,LI Xiao-qian,JIANG Ri-peng.Effect of ultrasonic treatment on ingot microsegregation of 7050aluminum alloy[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2016,36(11):1105-1110.
[7]ESKIN G I.Improvement of the structure and properties of ingots and worked aluminum alloy semifinished products by melt ultrasonic treatment in a cavitation regime[J].Metallurgist,2010,54(7):505-513.
[8]LEBON G S B,ESKIN D G,PERICLEOUS K.Investigation of the factors influencing cavitation intensity during the ultrasonic treatment of molten aluminium[J].Materials and Design,2016,90:979-983.
[9]TZANAKIS I,XU W W,ESKIN D G,LEE P D,KOTSOVINOS N.In situ observation and analysis of ultrasonic capillary effect in molten aluminium[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2015,27:72-80.
[10]HAGHAYEGHI R,EZZATNESHAN E,BAHAI H.Experimental-numerical study of AA5754 microstructural evolution under electromagnetic ultrasonic merged fields[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2015,225:103-109.
[11]JIANG R P,LI X Q,ZHANG M.Investigation on the mechanism of grain refinement in aluminum alloy solidified under ultrasonic vibration[J].Metals and Materials International,2015,21(1):104-108.
[12]李健.超声波电源脉冲特性及其试验[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.LI Jian.Pulse characteristics and experiment of ultrasonic wave power[D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.
[13]黎正华,李晓谦,张明.超声作用下半连铸7050铝合金的偏析行为及形成机制[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(2):318-324.LI Zheng-hua,LI Xiao-qian,ZHANG Ming.Segregation behavior and formation mechanism of 7050 aluminum alloy produced by semi-continus casting under ultrasonic field[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(2):318-324.
[14]GANESAN M,THUINET L,DYE D,LEE P D.Quantification of microsegregation in cast Al-Si-Cu alloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2007,38:557-566.
[15]钟华,李传军,王江,任忠鸣,钟云波,玄伟东.强磁场对定向凝固Al-4.5Cu合金微观偏析的影响[J].金属学报,2016,52(5):575-582.ZHONG Hua,LI Chuan-jun,WANG Jiang,REN Zhong-ming,ZHONG Yun-bo,XUAN Wei-dong.Effect of high static magnetic field on microsegregation of directionally solidified Al-4.5Cu alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2016,52(5):575-582.
[16]陈丹丹,张海涛,王向杰,崔建忠.低频电磁铸造Al-4.5%Cu合金微观偏析研究[J].金属学报,2011,47(2):185.CHEN Dan-dan,ZHANG Hai-tao,WANG Xiang-jie,CUIJian-zhong.Investigation on microsegregation of Al-4.5%Cu alloy produced by low frequency electromagnetic casting[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2011,47(2):185.
[17]ESKIN G I,MAKAROV G S.Effect of cavitation melt treatment on the structure refinement and property improvement in cast and deformed hypereutectic Al-Si alloys[J].Materials Science Forum,1997,242:65-70
[18]严青松,芦刚,李成,沈加利.超声功率-凝固压力协同作用对真空差压铸造铝合金二次枝晶间距的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(1):51-56.YAN Qing-song,LU Gang,LI Cheng,SHEN Jia-li.Effect of synergistic action between ultrasonic power and solidification pressure on secondary dendrite arm spacing of vacuum counter-pressure casting aluminum alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(1):51-56.
[19]HUANG Hai-jun,XU Yi-fan,SHU Da,HAN Yan-feng,WANGJun,SUN Bao-de.Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on structure refinement of solidified high purity aluminum[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(7):2414-2419.
[20]何迁.功率超声对铝及铝合金凝固过程的影响[D].北京:清华大学,2008.HE Qian.Effect of power ultrasonic treatment on solidification process of pure aluminum and aluminum alloy[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2008.
[21]BENALI A,LACAZE-DUFAURE C,MORILLO J.Density functional study of copper segregation in aluminum[J].Surface Science,2011,605(3):341-350.
[22]LOKKER J P,B?TTGER A J,SLOOF W G,TICHELAAR F D,JANSSEN G C A M,RADELAAR S.Phase transformations in Al-Cu thin films:Precipitation and copper redistribution[J].Acta Materialia,2001,49(8):1339-1349.
[23]戴斌煜,王薇薇.金属液态成形原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010.DAI Bin-yu,WANG Wei-wei.Liquid metal forming theory[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,2010.
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