穿越地裂缝带地铁隧道结构分段长度优化研究
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摘要
目前西安地铁建设中过地裂缝带隧道均采取分段设缝的结构措施,而隧道结构分段长度的优化问题是地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带设防的关键。本文以西安地铁斜交穿越地裂缝带为工程背景,通过分段设缝的地铁隧道斜交跨地裂缝带的有限元数值模拟,研究了斜交跨地裂缝带地铁隧道分段设缝的合理模式及分段隧道的合理长度。计算结果表明:对缝设置模式下分段设缝隧道结构塑性区范围较小,集中在隧道拱底、拱脚;而悬臂设置模式下塑性区分布范围大且较为复杂,不利于进行衬砌加强。地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带衬砌结构宜采取分段设缝的对缝设置模式,跨地裂缝带的分段隧道合理长度为15 m,位于地裂缝主变形区内的分段隧道长度可按10～15 m考虑,而穿越地裂缝主变形区之外的地铁隧道分段长度可根据轨道调坡及隧道防水等其他要求适当增加。研究成果可为地裂缝发育的城市地铁隧道结构设计及其他地下空间开发提供重要的理论依据和技术参考。
Ground fissure is the most typical geo-hazard in the city of Xi'an.At present,the segmented metro tunnel in Xi'an metro engineering construction are adopted against the active ground fissures and the optimal length of the segmented tunnel structure is the key to the design of the metro tunnel obliquely crossing active ground fissure zone.Considering the Xi'an metro lines passing through active ground fissure zones,the reasonable mode and optimal length of a sectional tunnel with flexible joints are studied in this paper through finite element numerical simulation for the segmented structure of a metro tunnel.The calculation results show that the plastic zone of the tunnel lining is in a small range and mainly distributes in the arch bottom and skewback of the tunnel under the mode of opposite joint,while it is in a large range and relatively complicated in the mode of cantilever,which is comparatively against the reinforced lining.The better of the two modes is opposite joint and the optimal length of the sectional metro tunnel is 15 m.In addition,the main deformation zone of tunnel outside the scope of ground fissures can be segmented according to 10-15 m,the length of the fortified area of tunnel beyond the main deformation zone can be properly increased according to other requirements,such as the tunnel waterproof,adjustment of rail slope,etc.The conclusions can be presentedas the reference for structure design of urban metro construction and underground space development under the action of ground fissures.
Ground fissure is the most typical geo-hazard in the city of Xi'an.At present,the segmented metro tunnel in Xi'an metro engineering construction are adopted against the active ground fissures and the optimal length of the segmented tunnel structure is the key to the design of the metro tunnel obliquely crossing active ground fissure zone.Considering the Xi'an metro lines passing through active ground fissure zones,the reasonable mode and optimal length of a sectional tunnel with flexible joints are studied in this paper through finite element numerical simulation for the segmented structure of a metro tunnel.The calculation results show that the plastic zone of the tunnel lining is in a small range and mainly distributes in the arch bottom and skewback of the tunnel under the mode of opposite joint,while it is in a large range and relatively complicated in the mode of cantilever,which is comparatively against the reinforced lining.The better of the two modes is opposite joint and the optimal length of the sectional metro tunnel is 15 m.In addition,the main deformation zone of tunnel outside the scope of ground fissures can be segmented according to 10-15 m,the length of the fortified area of tunnel beyond the main deformation zone can be properly increased according to other requirements,such as the tunnel waterproof,adjustment of rail slope,etc.The conclusions can be presentedas the reference for structure design of urban metro construction and underground space development under the action of ground fissures.
引文
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[3]黄强兵,马玉杰,姜紫看,等.地裂缝活动作用下地层应力和位移传递规律研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(1):144-150.[HUANG Q B,MA YJ,JIANG Z K,et al.A study of the transfer law of formation stress and displacement induced by active ground fissure[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(1):144-150.(in Chinese)]
[4]PENG J B,HUANG Q B,HU Z P,et al.A proposed solution to the ground fissure encountered in urban metro construction in Xi'an China[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2017,61:12-25.
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[6]黄强兵,彭建兵,樊红卫,等.西安地裂缝对地铁隧道的危害及防治措施研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(5):781-788.[HUNAG Q B,PENG J B,FAN H W,et al.Metro tunnel hazards induced by active ground fissures in Xi'an and relevant control measures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(5):781-788.(in Chinese)]
[7]黄强兵,彭建兵,高虎艳,等.地铁隧道斜交穿越地裂缝带的纵向设防长度[J].铁道学报,2010,32(1):73-78.[HUANG Q B,PENG J B,GAO H Y,et al.The longitudinal fortified length of metro tunnel obliquely crossing the active ground fissure zones[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2010,32(1):73-78.(in Chinese)]
[8]李凯玲,门玉明,刘洋,等.地裂缝剖面形态对地铁隧道变形影响模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1690-1696.[LI K L,MEN Y M,LIU Y,et al.Model test for influence of ground fissure profile pattern on deformation of metro tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1690-1696.(in Chinese)]
[9]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.分段柔性接头地铁隧道适应地裂缝大变形的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1546-1554.[HUANG Q B,PENG J B,MEN Y M,et al.Model test study of sectional metro tunnel with flexible joints adapting large deformation of ground fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(8):1546-1554.(in Chinese)]
[10]A R Shahidi,M Vafaeian.Analysis of longitudinal profile of the tunnels in active faulted zone and designing the flexible lining(for Koohrang-Ⅲtunnel)[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:213-221.
[11]Seokwon Jeon,Jongwoo Kim,Youngho Seo,et al.Effect of a fault and weak plane on the stability of a tunnel in rock-a scaled model test and numerical analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):658-663.
[12]Vahid,Ali Asghar,Mohammad Hossein,et al.Influences of Crushed Fault Zone in the Stability of Zaker-Sorkhedizaj tunnel,NW Iran[J].Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,2012,12(10):1426-1434.
[13]陕西省建设厅.DBJ61-6-2006,J10821-2006西安地裂缝场地勘察工程设计规程[S].西安:陕西省质量技术监督局,2006.[The Construction Bureau of Shaanxi Province.DBJ61-6-2006,J10821-2006Specification for site investigation and engineering design on Xi'an ground fractures[S].Xi'an:The Supervision Bureau of Quality Technology of Shaanxi Province,2006.(in Chinese)]
[2]石玉玲,门玉明,彭建兵,等.西安城区地裂缝破裂扩展的数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(6):56-60.[SHI Y L,MEN Y M,PENG J B,et al.Numerical simulation of ground-fissure cracking and extending in Xi'an[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(6):56-60.(in Chinese)]
[3]黄强兵,马玉杰,姜紫看,等.地裂缝活动作用下地层应力和位移传递规律研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(1):144-150.[HUANG Q B,MA YJ,JIANG Z K,et al.A study of the transfer law of formation stress and displacement induced by active ground fissure[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(1):144-150.(in Chinese)]
[4]PENG J B,HUANG Q B,HU Z P,et al.A proposed solution to the ground fissure encountered in urban metro construction in Xi'an China[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2017,61:12-25.
[5]范文,邓龙胜,彭建兵,等.地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的物理模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1917-1923.[FAN W,DENG L S,PENG J B,et al.Research on physical model experiment of metro tunnel crossing ground fissure belt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1917-1923.(in Chinese)]
[6]黄强兵,彭建兵,樊红卫,等.西安地裂缝对地铁隧道的危害及防治措施研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(5):781-788.[HUNAG Q B,PENG J B,FAN H W,et al.Metro tunnel hazards induced by active ground fissures in Xi'an and relevant control measures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(5):781-788.(in Chinese)]
[7]黄强兵,彭建兵,高虎艳,等.地铁隧道斜交穿越地裂缝带的纵向设防长度[J].铁道学报,2010,32(1):73-78.[HUANG Q B,PENG J B,GAO H Y,et al.The longitudinal fortified length of metro tunnel obliquely crossing the active ground fissure zones[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2010,32(1):73-78.(in Chinese)]
[8]李凯玲,门玉明,刘洋,等.地裂缝剖面形态对地铁隧道变形影响模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1690-1696.[LI K L,MEN Y M,LIU Y,et al.Model test for influence of ground fissure profile pattern on deformation of metro tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1690-1696.(in Chinese)]
[9]黄强兵,彭建兵,门玉明,等.分段柔性接头地铁隧道适应地裂缝大变形的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1546-1554.[HUANG Q B,PENG J B,MEN Y M,et al.Model test study of sectional metro tunnel with flexible joints adapting large deformation of ground fissures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(8):1546-1554.(in Chinese)]
[10]A R Shahidi,M Vafaeian.Analysis of longitudinal profile of the tunnels in active faulted zone and designing the flexible lining(for Koohrang-Ⅲtunnel)[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:213-221.
[11]Seokwon Jeon,Jongwoo Kim,Youngho Seo,et al.Effect of a fault and weak plane on the stability of a tunnel in rock-a scaled model test and numerical analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):658-663.
[12]Vahid,Ali Asghar,Mohammad Hossein,et al.Influences of Crushed Fault Zone in the Stability of Zaker-Sorkhedizaj tunnel,NW Iran[J].Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,2012,12(10):1426-1434.
[13]陕西省建设厅.DBJ61-6-2006,J10821-2006西安地裂缝场地勘察工程设计规程[S].西安:陕西省质量技术监督局,2006.[The Construction Bureau of Shaanxi Province.DBJ61-6-2006,J10821-2006Specification for site investigation and engineering design on Xi'an ground fractures[S].Xi'an:The Supervision Bureau of Quality Technology of Shaanxi Province,2006.(in Chinese)]
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