东昆仑群力地区晚泥盆世A型花岗岩的年代学、地球化学和构造意义
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摘要
报道了东昆仑群力地区正长花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学特征,并对岩石成因及其构造意义进行了讨论。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明群力正长花岗岩体的形成时代为376.2Ma(MSWD=0.25),属晚泥盆世。岩石地球化学成分显示其属于高钾钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质系列花岗岩。岩体富硅(SiO_2=74.61%～77.85%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.03%～7.94%)、高铁镁比(FeO~T/MgO=11.39～36.93)、贫钙(CaO=0.50%～1.01%)、贫镁(MgO=0.06%～0.20%);稀土配分模式表现为"海鸥型"分布特点,具有强烈的负铕异常(δEu=0.08～0.09);高镓含量(Ga=22.86×10~(-6)～27.06×10~(-6)),富集高场强元素组合(Zr+Ce+Nb+Y=720×10~(-6)～891×10~(-6))、亏损Ba、Sr、P、Nb、Ta、Ti等;同时岩体具有高的锆石饱和温度(991℃～1 201℃)。综合岩石地球化学特征表明群力正长花岗岩体属于A型花岗岩中的A_2型花岗岩,结合区域研究成果,认为群力正长花岗岩形成于始特提斯洋闭合后的伸展构造背景。这一结果将始特提斯洋闭合后的伸展作用时限从中泥盆世延长到晚泥盆世。
New zircon U-Pb dating is undertaken and geochemical characteristics,petrogenesis and tectonic significance are discussed in this study for Qunli syenogranite from the eastern Kunlun. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the age of Qunli syenogranite is 376.2 Ma( MSWD = 0. 25),belonging to Late Devonian.The petrogeochemical composition shows that it belongs to high potassium calc-alkaline,quasi-aluminous-weak peraluminous granite. The syenogranite is characterized by high SiO_2( 74. 61% ～ 77. 85%),high alkali( Na_2 O +K_2 O = 7. 03% ～ 7. 94%),high FeOT/MgO( FeOT/MgO = 11.39～36.93),low CaO(0.50%～1.01%) and MgO(0.06%～0.20% contents. Moreover,the syenogranite is characterized by a "sea-gull"REE pattern and strong negative Eu anomaly( δEu = 0. 08 ～ 0. 09),high gallium content( Ga = 22. 86 × 10~(-6)～27.06×10~(-6)),enrichment of high field strength element combination( Zr + Ce + Nb + Y = 720 × 10~(-6)～891×10~(-6)),and strong depletion of Ba,Sr,P,Nb,Ta and Ti. Meanwhile the rock mass has high zircon saturation temperature( 991℃～ 1 201℃). Comprehensive petrogeochemistry characteristics indicate that Qunli syenogranite belongs to A_2 type granite. Integrating regional research results,it is suggested that Qunli syenogranite was formed in the extensional tectonic setting after the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. This result extends the extensional limit after the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean from the Middle Devonian to Late Devonian.
New zircon U-Pb dating is undertaken and geochemical characteristics,petrogenesis and tectonic significance are discussed in this study for Qunli syenogranite from the eastern Kunlun. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the age of Qunli syenogranite is 376.2 Ma( MSWD = 0. 25),belonging to Late Devonian.The petrogeochemical composition shows that it belongs to high potassium calc-alkaline,quasi-aluminous-weak peraluminous granite. The syenogranite is characterized by high SiO_2( 74. 61% ～ 77. 85%),high alkali( Na_2 O +K_2 O = 7. 03% ～ 7. 94%),high FeOT/MgO( FeOT/MgO = 11.39～36.93),low CaO(0.50%～1.01%) and MgO(0.06%～0.20% contents. Moreover,the syenogranite is characterized by a "sea-gull"REE pattern and strong negative Eu anomaly( δEu = 0. 08 ～ 0. 09),high gallium content( Ga = 22. 86 × 10~(-6)～27.06×10~(-6)),enrichment of high field strength element combination( Zr + Ce + Nb + Y = 720 × 10~(-6)～891×10~(-6)),and strong depletion of Ba,Sr,P,Nb,Ta and Ti. Meanwhile the rock mass has high zircon saturation temperature( 991℃～ 1 201℃). Comprehensive petrogeochemistry characteristics indicate that Qunli syenogranite belongs to A_2 type granite. Integrating regional research results,it is suggested that Qunli syenogranite was formed in the extensional tectonic setting after the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. This result extends the extensional limit after the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean from the Middle Devonian to Late Devonian.
引文
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[2]Whalen J B,Currie K L,Chappell B W.A-type granites:geochemical characteristics,discrimination and petrogenesis[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1987,95(4):407-419.
[3]Eby G N.Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids:petrogenetic and tectonic implications[J].Geology,1992,20:641-644.
[4]王强,赵振华,熊小林.桐柏-大别造山带燕山晚期A型花岗岩的厘定[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2000,19(4):297-306.WANG Qiang,ZHAO Zhen-hua,XIONG Xiao-lin.The Ascertainment of Late Yanshanian A-type granite in Tongbai-Dabie orogenic belt[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2000,19(4):297-306.
[5]许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵,等.青藏高原与大陆动力学:地体拼合、碰撞造山及高原隆升的深部驱动力[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):221-238.XU Zhi-qin,YANG Jing-sui,LI Hai-bing,et al.The Qinghai-Tibelt Plateau and continental dynamics:a review on terrian tectonics,collisonal orogesnesis,and processes and mechanisms for the rise of the plateau[J].Geology in China,2006,33(2):221-238.
[6]杨经绥,许志琴,马昌前,等.复合造山作用和中国中央造山带的科学问题[J].中国地质,2010,37(1):1-11.YANG Jing-sui,XU Zhi-qin,MA Chang-qian,et al.Compound orogeny and scientific problems concerning the central orogenic belt of China[J].Geology in China,2010,37(1):1-11.
[7]莫宣学,罗照华,邓晋福,等.东昆仑造山带花岗岩及地壳生长[J].高校地质学报,2007,13(3):403-414.MO Xuan-xue,LUO Zhao-hua,DENG Jin-fu,et al.Granitoids and crustal growth in the East-Kunlun orogenic belt[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2007,13(3):403-414.
[8]Yang J S,Robinson P T,Jiang C F,et al.Ophiolites of the Kunlun mountains[J].Tectonophysics,1996,258(1/4):214-231.
[9]陆松年.青藏高原北部前寒武纪地质初探[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:1-125.LU Song-nian.Preliminary study of Precambrian geology in the North Tibet-Qinghai Plateau[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002:1-125.
[10]张亚峰,裴先治,丁仨平,等.东昆仑都兰县可可沙地区加里东期石英闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其意义[J].地质通报,2010,29(1):79-85.ZHANG Ya-feng,PEI Xian-zhi,DING San-ping,et al.LA-l CP-MS zircon U-Pb age of quartz diorite at the Kekesha area of Dulan county,eastern section of the East Kunlun orogenic belt[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2010,29(1):79-85.
[11]崔美慧,孟繁聪,吴祥珂.东昆仑祁漫塔格早奥陶世岛弧:中基性火成岩地球化学、Sm-Nd同位素及年代学证据[J].岩石学报,2011,27(11):3365-3379.CUI Mei-hui,MENG Fan-cong,WU Xiang-ke.Early Ordovician island of arc of Qimantag mountain,eastern Kunlun:evidences from geochemistry,Sm-Nd isotope and geochronology of intermediate-basic igneous rocks[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(11):3365-3379.
[12]任军虎,柳益群,冯乔,等.东昆仑清水泉辉绿岩脉地球化学及LA-lCP-MS锆石U-Pb定年[J].岩石学报,2009,25(5):1135-1145.REN Jun-hu,LIU Yi-qun,FENG-Qiao,et al.LA-lCP-MS U-Pb zircon dating and geochemical characteristics of diabase-dykes from the Qingshuiquan area,eastern Kunlun orogenic belt[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(5):1135-1145.
[13]许荣华,Harris N B W.拉萨至格尔木的同位素地球化学.青藏高原演化[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:282-302.XU Rong-hua,Harris N B W.Isotopic geochemistry from Lhasa to Golmud.Tibetan Plateau evolution[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990:282-302.
[14]刘彬,马昌前,郭盼.东昆仑中泥盆世A型花岗岩的确定及其构造意义[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2013,38(5):947-962.LIU Bin,MA Chang-qian,GUO Pan,et al.Discovery of the Middle devonian A-type granite from the eastern Kunlun orogen and its tectonic implications[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geoscience),2013,38(5):947-962.
[15]杜祥亭.青海省群力铁矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析[J].青海国土经略,2012(5):70-73.DU xiang-ting.Geological characteristics and prospecting prospect of Qunli iron deposit in Qinghai Province[J].Strategy of Qinghai Land,2012(5):70-73.
[16]Andersen T,Griffin W L,Pearaon N J.Crustal evolution in the SW part of the Baltic Shield:the HF isotope evidence[J].Journal of Petrology,2002,43(9):1725-1747.
[17]Chappell,B.W.Aluminium saturation in I and S-type granites and the characterization of fractionated haplogranites[J].Lithos,1999,46,535-551.
[18]King P L,White A J R,Chappell B W,et al.Characterizationand origin aluminous A-type granites from Lachlan fold belt,southeastern Australia[J].Journal of Petrology,1997,38(3):371-391.
[19]Miller C F,McDowell S M,Mapes R W.Hot and cold granites:implication of zircon saturation temperatures and preservation of inheritance[J].Geology,2003,31(6):529-532.
[20]贾小辉,王强,唐功建.A型花岗岩的研究进展及意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(3):465-480.JIA Xiao-hui,WANG Qiang,TANG Gong-jian.A-type granites:research progress and implications[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(3):465-480.
[21]许保良,黄福生.A型花岗岩的类型、特征及其地质意义[J].地球探索,1990,3:113-120.XU Bao-liang,HUANG Fu-sheng.Types,characteristics and geological significance of A-type granite[J].Earth Exploration,1990,3:113-120.
[22]Collins W J,Beams S D,White A J K,et al.Nature and origin of A-type granites with particular reference to southeastern Australia[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1982,80:189-200.
[23]Clemens J D,Holloway J R,White A J R.Origin of A-type granites:experimental constraints[J].American Mineralogist,1986,71:317-324.
[24]Frost C D,Frost B R.Reduced rapakivi-type granites:the tholeiite connection[J].Geology,1997,25:647-650.
[25]Anderson J L,Bender E E.Nature and origin of Proterozoic A-type granitic magmatism in the southwestern U-nited States of America[J].Lithos,1989,23:19-52.
[26]Rudnick R L,Barth M,Horn I,et al.Rutile-bearing refractory eclogites:missing link between continents and depleted mantle[J].Science,2000,287(5451):278-281.
[27]Barth M G,Mc Donough W F,Rudnick R L.Tracking the budget of Nb and Ta in the continental crust[J].Chemical Geology,2000,165(3):197-213.
[28]Taylor S R,Mclennan S M.The continental crust its composition and evolution[J].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1985,94(4):91-92.
[29]Green T H.Significance of Nb/Ta as an indicator of geochemical processes in the crust-mantle system[J].Chemical Geology,1995,120(3/4):347-359.
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