改变凋落物输入对森林土壤有效氮的影响
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摘要
选取太行山南麓麻栎林土壤为研究对象,设置对照(CK)、加倍凋落物(DL)、去除凋落物(NL)、去除凋落物和根系(NI) 4种处理,观测1 a中0～10、10～20、20～30 cm土层有效氮含量和土壤容重变化,以探讨全球变化背景下凋落物和根系的输入变化对土壤有效氮的影响。结果表明,麻栎林土壤有效氮含量随土层加深而减小,各处理下均表现为0～10 cm>10～20 cm>20～30 cm,容重与有效氮含量均呈显著或极显著线性负相关。CK和DL处理下的土壤有效氮表现出明显的季节变化动态,秋冬季节较低,夏季较高;第一年秋季累积的凋落物主要在次年进行分解,试验开始5个月后(次年1月份)不同处理间的差异开始显现,与CK相比,DL提高了土壤有效氮含量,NL和NI降低了有效氮含量;同样去除凋落物的情况下, NI的土壤有效氮含量高于NL。不同处理间的差异在0～10、10～20 cm土层表现明显,20～30 cm土层容重受凋落物处理和时间变化影响不显著,该土层有效氮含量对不同处理的响应比较滞后。研究表明,该地区凋落物输入变化对土壤有效氮含量的影响大于地下根系造成的影响,容重等土壤物理性质发生同步变化。
The soil of the Castanopsis kawakamii forest in the southern foot of Taihang Mountain was selected as the research object. Four treaments, the control(CK), the litter(DL), the litter removal(NL), the litter removal and the root system(NI) were set up. The changes of available nitrogen content and soil bulk density in 0～10, 10～20 and 20～30 cm soil layers were measuredto explore the the effect of input changes of litter and roots on soil available nitrogen under the background of global change. The results showed that the soil available nitrogen content of Quercus acutissima forest decreased with the deepening of soil layer, and showed the trend of 0～10 cm > 10～20 cm > 20～30 cm under all treatments. There was significant or very significant linear negative correlation between bulk density and available nitrogen content. The soil available nitrogen under CK and DL treatments showed obvious seasonal variation dynamics, lower in autumn and winter, and higher in summer; the litter accumulated in autumn in the first year was mainly decomposed in the next year, and the difference between different treatments began to appear 5 months after the beginning of the experiment(January of the next year); compared with CK, DL increased soil available nitrogen content, while NL and NI decreased the available nitrogen content, and the soil available nitrogen content of root removal treatment(NI) was higher than that of root retention treatment(NL) under the same litter removal condition. The difference between different treatments was obvious in 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm soil layers. The soil bulk density of 20～30 cm soil layers was not significantly affected by litter treatment and time change. The response of soil available nitrogen content to different treatments was relatively lagged behind. The results showed that the effect of litter input change on soil available nitrogen content was greater than that of underground roots, and the soil physical properties such as bulk density changed synergistically.
The soil of the Castanopsis kawakamii forest in the southern foot of Taihang Mountain was selected as the research object. Four treaments, the control(CK), the litter(DL), the litter removal(NL), the litter removal and the root system(NI) were set up. The changes of available nitrogen content and soil bulk density in 0～10, 10～20 and 20～30 cm soil layers were measuredto explore the the effect of input changes of litter and roots on soil available nitrogen under the background of global change. The results showed that the soil available nitrogen content of Quercus acutissima forest decreased with the deepening of soil layer, and showed the trend of 0～10 cm > 10～20 cm > 20～30 cm under all treatments. There was significant or very significant linear negative correlation between bulk density and available nitrogen content. The soil available nitrogen under CK and DL treatments showed obvious seasonal variation dynamics, lower in autumn and winter, and higher in summer; the litter accumulated in autumn in the first year was mainly decomposed in the next year, and the difference between different treatments began to appear 5 months after the beginning of the experiment(January of the next year); compared with CK, DL increased soil available nitrogen content, while NL and NI decreased the available nitrogen content, and the soil available nitrogen content of root removal treatment(NI) was higher than that of root retention treatment(NL) under the same litter removal condition. The difference between different treatments was obvious in 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm soil layers. The soil bulk density of 20～30 cm soil layers was not significantly affected by litter treatment and time change. The response of soil available nitrogen content to different treatments was relatively lagged behind. The results showed that the effect of litter input change on soil available nitrogen content was greater than that of underground roots, and the soil physical properties such as bulk density changed synergistically.
引文
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[15] 孔青,王传宽,王兴昌.植物残体去除对帽儿山温带落叶林土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征及其相关因子的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(7):2173-2182.
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[19] 冯建新,熊德成,邓飞,等.土壤增温、隔离降水及其交互作用对杉木幼苗细根生产的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(4):1119-1127.
[20] 邓长春,蒋先敏,刘洋,等.高山林线交错带高山杜鹃的凋落物分解[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1769-1778.
[21] 葛晓敏,陈晓东,唐罗忠,等.添加凋落物对杨树人工林土壤氮、磷矿化的影响初探[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):189-193.
[22] 王瑾,黄建辉.暖温带地区主要树种叶片凋落物分解过程中主要元素释放的比较[J].植物生态学报,2001(3):375-380.
[23] 张秀娟,梅莉,王政权,等.细根分解研究及其存在的问题[J].植物学通报,2005,22(2):246-254.
[24] 宋森,谷加存,全先奎,等.水曲柳和兴安落叶松人工林细根分解研究[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1227-1237.
[25] 林宝平,林思祖,何宗明,等.不同碳输入方式对沿海防护林土壤氮库的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(4):385-391.
[26] BOWDEN R D,DEEM L,PLANTE A F,et al.Litter input controls on soil carbon in a temperate deciduous forest.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2014,7(8):66-75.
[27] HUANG W J,SPOHN M.Effects of long-term litter manipulation on soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in a temperate deciduous forest.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,83(10): 12-18.
[28] 祝忆伟,张志铭,赵勇,等.不同林龄栓皮栎林下土壤颗粒分形及养分特征研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(5):634-639.
[29] 葛晓改,黄志霖,程瑞梅,等.三峡库区马尾松人工林凋落物和根系输入对土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(12):3301-3308.
[30] 王德彩,郭丹丹,吴桂藏,等.杨树人工林表层土壤水分及养分特征对森林抚育的响应[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(2):163-169.
[31] O’CONNELL A M ,GROVE T S,MENDHAM D S,et al. Impact of harvest residue management on soil nitrogen dynamicsin Eucalyptus globulus plantations in south western Australia[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(1):39-48.
[2] 耿玉清,孙向阳,亢新刚,等.长白山林区不同森林类型下土壤肥力状况的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1999(6):101-105.
[3] MAISTO G,MARCO A D,MEOLA A,et al. Nutrient dynamics in litter mixtures of four Mediterranean maquis species decomposing in situ[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(3):520-530.
[4] SZANSER M,ILIEVA-MAKULEC K,KAJAK A,et al. Impact of litter species diversity on decomposition processes and communities of soil organisms[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(1):9-19.
[5] 王珍,陈爱玲,曹光球,等.不同凋落物配比对杉木土壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(10):1849-1857.
[6] 潘萍,赵芳,欧阳勋志,等.马尾松林两种林下植被土壤碳氮特征及其与凋落物质量的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(11):3988-3997.
[7] 崔向慧,李昊,卢琦,等.全球FACE实验的进展与展望[J].世界林业研究,2007,20(5):1-6.
[8] 徐胜,陈玮,何兴元,等.高浓度CO2对树木生理生态的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2015,35(8):2452-2460.
[9] 陈玉平,吴佳斌,张曼,等.枯落物处理对森林土壤碳氮转化过程影响研究综述[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2012,7(2):84-94.
[10] 章宪,范跃新,罗茜,等.凋落物和根系处理对杉木人工林土壤氮素的影响[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2014,9(2):39-44.
[11] 王光军,田大伦,闫文德,等.去除和添加凋落物对杉木人工林土壤氮矿化的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(3):6-10.
[12] 赵欣然,赵琼,王巍巍,等.氮添加及凋落物管理对樟子松人工林土壤理化性质的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2699-2706.
[13] WANG Q K,HE T X,WANG S L,et al. Carbon input manipulation affects soil respiration and microbial community composition in a subtropical coniferous forest[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2013,15(9):178-179.
[14] 刘欣,彭道黎,邱新彩.华北落叶松不同林型土壤理化性质差异[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(4):735-743.
[15] 孔青,王传宽,王兴昌.植物残体去除对帽儿山温带落叶林土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征及其相关因子的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(7):2173-2182.
[16] 林宝平,何宗明,郜士垒,等.去除根系和凋落物对滨海沙地3种防护林土壤碳氮库的短期影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(12):4061-4071.
[17] 王相娥,薛立,谢腾芳.凋落物分解研究综述[J].土壤通报,2009,40(6):1473-1478.
[18] 莫江明,孔国辉.凋落物和林下层收割对鼎湖山马尾松林土壤有效氮动态的影响[J].生态学报,1997(1):111-114.
[19] 冯建新,熊德成,邓飞,等.土壤增温、隔离降水及其交互作用对杉木幼苗细根生产的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(4):1119-1127.
[20] 邓长春,蒋先敏,刘洋,等.高山林线交错带高山杜鹃的凋落物分解[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1769-1778.
[21] 葛晓敏,陈晓东,唐罗忠,等.添加凋落物对杨树人工林土壤氮、磷矿化的影响初探[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):189-193.
[22] 王瑾,黄建辉.暖温带地区主要树种叶片凋落物分解过程中主要元素释放的比较[J].植物生态学报,2001(3):375-380.
[23] 张秀娟,梅莉,王政权,等.细根分解研究及其存在的问题[J].植物学通报,2005,22(2):246-254.
[24] 宋森,谷加存,全先奎,等.水曲柳和兴安落叶松人工林细根分解研究[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1227-1237.
[25] 林宝平,林思祖,何宗明,等.不同碳输入方式对沿海防护林土壤氮库的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(4):385-391.
[26] BOWDEN R D,DEEM L,PLANTE A F,et al.Litter input controls on soil carbon in a temperate deciduous forest.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2014,7(8):66-75.
[27] HUANG W J,SPOHN M.Effects of long-term litter manipulation on soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in a temperate deciduous forest.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,83(10): 12-18.
[28] 祝忆伟,张志铭,赵勇,等.不同林龄栓皮栎林下土壤颗粒分形及养分特征研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(5):634-639.
[29] 葛晓改,黄志霖,程瑞梅,等.三峡库区马尾松人工林凋落物和根系输入对土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(12):3301-3308.
[30] 王德彩,郭丹丹,吴桂藏,等.杨树人工林表层土壤水分及养分特征对森林抚育的响应[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(2):163-169.
[31] O’CONNELL A M ,GROVE T S,MENDHAM D S,et al. Impact of harvest residue management on soil nitrogen dynamicsin Eucalyptus globulus plantations in south western Australia[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(1):39-48.
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