围压与轴压共同作用对恐龙化石应力场的影响
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摘要
包括恐龙化石在内的古生物化石是重要的地质遗迹,是研究生物进化的最重要资料。该文从物理力学角度,通过数值试验模拟分析围压和轴压作用下对恐龙化石强度和破坏特性的影响效果。试验结果表明:不同埋深时围压对含有不同角度裂隙化石应力影响较大,随着埋深增加,含有裂隙化石的应力大幅增大。在围压与轴压共同作用时,埋深对开裂角的影响较小,而随埋深增大时极限载荷也随之增大。同时,在不同埋深下开裂角随裂隙角度的变化趋势一致,均随着裂隙角度的增大而减小;而极限载荷随裂隙角度的变化趋势一致。
Paleontological fossils including dinosaur fossils are not only important geological remains, but also the most important data on studying biological evolution. In this paper, from the aspect of physical mechanics, through numerical experiments, the effects of confining pressure and axial pressure on the strength and failure characteristics of dinosaur fossils have been analyzed. It is showed that the confining pressure has a great influence on the stress of the fractured fossils with different angles at different burial depths, and the stress of the fractured fossils increases greatly with the increase of burial depth. When confining pressure and axial pressure act together, the influence of burial depth on cracking angle is small, and the limit load increases with the increase of burial depth. At the same time, the crack angle at different depth has the same trend with the crack angle, and decreases with the increase of the crack angle. The ultimate load varies with the crack angle.
Paleontological fossils including dinosaur fossils are not only important geological remains, but also the most important data on studying biological evolution. In this paper, from the aspect of physical mechanics, through numerical experiments, the effects of confining pressure and axial pressure on the strength and failure characteristics of dinosaur fossils have been analyzed. It is showed that the confining pressure has a great influence on the stress of the fractured fossils with different angles at different burial depths, and the stress of the fractured fossils increases greatly with the increase of burial depth. When confining pressure and axial pressure act together, the influence of burial depth on cracking angle is small, and the limit load increases with the increase of burial depth. At the same time, the crack angle at different depth has the same trend with the crack angle, and decreases with the increase of the crack angle. The ultimate load varies with the crack angle.
引文
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[3] 吕君昌.中国南方窃蛋龙类化石[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-200.
[4] 吕君昌,姬书安,袁崇喜,等.中国的翼龙类化石[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-145.
[5] 方晓思,张志军,卢立伍,等.印度板块古亚洲版块碰撞及亚洲恐龙的出现[J].地质通报,2006,25(7):862-873.
[6] 段冶,郑少林,胡东宇,等.辽宁建昌玲珑塔地区中侏罗世地层与化石初步报道[J].世界地质,2009,28(2):143-147.
[7] 何碧竹,乔秀夫,田洪水,等.山东诸城早白垩世莱阳期古地震事件与恐龙迁移[J].地质学报,2012,86(8):1320-1330.
[8] 李奎.中国的蜥脚类恐龙化石及其层位[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(1):53-60.
[9] 柳永清,旷红伟,姬书安,等.晚中生代地球表层重大地质事件的陆地环境剧变与生物群演替响应[J].地学前缘,2009,16(5):37-47.
[10] 柳永清,旷红伟,姬书安,等.鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋藏地沉积相与埋藏学初步研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(4):457-468.
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[12] 夏文杰,李秀华.恐龙埋藏环境及岩相古地理特征[M].成都:四川科技出版社,1988:80-88.
[13] 徐星,王克柏,赵喜进.中国发现的第一个角龙科化石和它的生物地理学指示意义[J].中国科学通报(英文版),2010,55(16):1631-1635.
[14] 杜圣贤,宋香锁,陈军,等.全国古生物化石保护工程研究[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(1):1-25.
[15] 董枝明.亚洲恐龙[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2010:1-290.
[16] Adrian P H. Integrated vertebrate, invertebrate and palant taphonomy of theFossil Forest area (Fruitland and Kitrland formations: Late Cretaceous), San Jua USA [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1991, 88: 85-107.
[17] Andrew B H, Spencer G L, Kate E Z, et al.Stratigraphy, taphonomy, and new discoveries from the Upper Jurassic (Morrison Formation: Brushy Basin member) Peterson Quarry central New, Mexico [J]. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Society Bulletin, 2000, 17: 51-60.
[18] Behrensmeyer A K, Susan M K, Robert A G. Taphonomy and paleobiology Crystal Geyser Dinosaur Quarry, eastcentral Utah [J]. The Paleontological Society, 2000, 103-148.
[19] Anthony R F, Paul J M, Peter P F. Taphonomy and sedimentologic interpretation of dinosaurbearing Upper Cretaceous Strata of the Prince Creek Formation, Northern Alaska: insights from an ancient highlatigude terrestrial ecosystem [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010, 295: 376-388.
[20] Brooks B B, David A E, Rod D S, et al. Taphonomy of debrisflow hosted dinosaur bonebeds at Dalton Wells, Utah (Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, USA) [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2009, 280: 1-22.
[21] Brinkman D B, Russel A P, Eberth D A, et al. Vertebrate palaeocommunities of the lower Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta, Canada, as interpreted from vertebrate microfossil assemblages [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2004, 213: 295-313.
[22] Suarez M B, Suarez C A, James I K, et al. Sedimentology, stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Crystal Geyser Dinosaur Quarry, eastcentral Utah [J]. Palaios, 2007, 22: 512-527.
[23] 阚泽忠,梁斌,王全伟,等.广元恐龙化石埋藏地沙溪庙组地球化学特征及对物源区和古风化作用的指示[J].中国地质,2006,33(5):1023-1029.
[24] 梁斌,王全伟,阚泽忠.自贡大山铺恐龙动物群埋藏环境及集中埋藏原因分析[J].中国地质,2009,26(1):131-137.
[25] 旷红伟,许克民,柳永清,等.山东诸城晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石地球化学及埋藏学研究[J].地质论评,2013,59(6):1-23.
[26] 张艳霞,陈军,范燕云.山东诸城地区恐龙足迹化石研究综述[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(6):33-40.
[27] 旷红伟,柳永清,董超,等.山东诸城晚白垩世恐龙化石埋藏学研究[J].地质学报,2014,88(8):1353-1371.
[28] 胡承志,程政武,庞其清,等.巨型山东龙[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-139.
[29] 张尚坤,于学峰,贾超,等.影响恐龙化石及围岩的主要因素及风化机理研究[J].山东国土资源,2019,35(3):25-31.
[30] 张尚坤,于学峰,贾超,等.热应力对恐龙化石风化损坏的影响研究[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(5):42-48.
[31] 杜圣贤,张尚坤,于学峰,等.恐龙化石风化效应的TM耦合分析研究[J].山东国土资源,2015,31(10):67-72.
[32] 杨群,王怡林,李朝真,等.原子光谱和X射线衍射研究禄丰恐龙化石与围岩特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(2):299-301.
[33] 俞茂宏,M.Yoshimine,强洪夫,等.强度理论的发展和展望[J].工程力学,2004,21(6):1-20.
[34] 余寿文.断裂力学的历史发展与思考[J].力学与实践,2015,37:390-394.
[35] 陈篪,蔡其巩,王仁智.工程断裂力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1977:1-20.
[36] 范天佑.断裂力学基础[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1978:1-15.
[37] 黄克智,余寿文.弹塑性断裂力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1985:1-20.
[38] 杨卫.宏微观断裂力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995:1-25.
[2] 侯连海.中国发现侏罗纪龙骨突鸟类[J].科学通报,1996,1(20):1861-1864.
[3] 吕君昌.中国南方窃蛋龙类化石[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-200.
[4] 吕君昌,姬书安,袁崇喜,等.中国的翼龙类化石[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-145.
[5] 方晓思,张志军,卢立伍,等.印度板块古亚洲版块碰撞及亚洲恐龙的出现[J].地质通报,2006,25(7):862-873.
[6] 段冶,郑少林,胡东宇,等.辽宁建昌玲珑塔地区中侏罗世地层与化石初步报道[J].世界地质,2009,28(2):143-147.
[7] 何碧竹,乔秀夫,田洪水,等.山东诸城早白垩世莱阳期古地震事件与恐龙迁移[J].地质学报,2012,86(8):1320-1330.
[8] 李奎.中国的蜥脚类恐龙化石及其层位[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(1):53-60.
[9] 柳永清,旷红伟,姬书安,等.晚中生代地球表层重大地质事件的陆地环境剧变与生物群演替响应[J].地学前缘,2009,16(5):37-47.
[10] 柳永清,旷红伟,姬书安,等.鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋藏地沉积相与埋藏学初步研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(4):457-468.
[11] 米家榕,张川波,孙春林,等.中国环太平洋带北段晚三叠世地层古生物及古地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1993:1-219.
[12] 夏文杰,李秀华.恐龙埋藏环境及岩相古地理特征[M].成都:四川科技出版社,1988:80-88.
[13] 徐星,王克柏,赵喜进.中国发现的第一个角龙科化石和它的生物地理学指示意义[J].中国科学通报(英文版),2010,55(16):1631-1635.
[14] 杜圣贤,宋香锁,陈军,等.全国古生物化石保护工程研究[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(1):1-25.
[15] 董枝明.亚洲恐龙[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2010:1-290.
[16] Adrian P H. Integrated vertebrate, invertebrate and palant taphonomy of theFossil Forest area (Fruitland and Kitrland formations: Late Cretaceous), San Jua USA [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1991, 88: 85-107.
[17] Andrew B H, Spencer G L, Kate E Z, et al.Stratigraphy, taphonomy, and new discoveries from the Upper Jurassic (Morrison Formation: Brushy Basin member) Peterson Quarry central New, Mexico [J]. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Society Bulletin, 2000, 17: 51-60.
[18] Behrensmeyer A K, Susan M K, Robert A G. Taphonomy and paleobiology Crystal Geyser Dinosaur Quarry, eastcentral Utah [J]. The Paleontological Society, 2000, 103-148.
[19] Anthony R F, Paul J M, Peter P F. Taphonomy and sedimentologic interpretation of dinosaurbearing Upper Cretaceous Strata of the Prince Creek Formation, Northern Alaska: insights from an ancient highlatigude terrestrial ecosystem [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010, 295: 376-388.
[20] Brooks B B, David A E, Rod D S, et al. Taphonomy of debrisflow hosted dinosaur bonebeds at Dalton Wells, Utah (Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, USA) [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2009, 280: 1-22.
[21] Brinkman D B, Russel A P, Eberth D A, et al. Vertebrate palaeocommunities of the lower Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta, Canada, as interpreted from vertebrate microfossil assemblages [J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2004, 213: 295-313.
[22] Suarez M B, Suarez C A, James I K, et al. Sedimentology, stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Crystal Geyser Dinosaur Quarry, eastcentral Utah [J]. Palaios, 2007, 22: 512-527.
[23] 阚泽忠,梁斌,王全伟,等.广元恐龙化石埋藏地沙溪庙组地球化学特征及对物源区和古风化作用的指示[J].中国地质,2006,33(5):1023-1029.
[24] 梁斌,王全伟,阚泽忠.自贡大山铺恐龙动物群埋藏环境及集中埋藏原因分析[J].中国地质,2009,26(1):131-137.
[25] 旷红伟,许克民,柳永清,等.山东诸城晚白垩世恐龙骨骼化石地球化学及埋藏学研究[J].地质论评,2013,59(6):1-23.
[26] 张艳霞,陈军,范燕云.山东诸城地区恐龙足迹化石研究综述[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(6):33-40.
[27] 旷红伟,柳永清,董超,等.山东诸城晚白垩世恐龙化石埋藏学研究[J].地质学报,2014,88(8):1353-1371.
[28] 胡承志,程政武,庞其清,等.巨型山东龙[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-139.
[29] 张尚坤,于学峰,贾超,等.影响恐龙化石及围岩的主要因素及风化机理研究[J].山东国土资源,2019,35(3):25-31.
[30] 张尚坤,于学峰,贾超,等.热应力对恐龙化石风化损坏的影响研究[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(5):42-48.
[31] 杜圣贤,张尚坤,于学峰,等.恐龙化石风化效应的TM耦合分析研究[J].山东国土资源,2015,31(10):67-72.
[32] 杨群,王怡林,李朝真,等.原子光谱和X射线衍射研究禄丰恐龙化石与围岩特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(2):299-301.
[33] 俞茂宏,M.Yoshimine,强洪夫,等.强度理论的发展和展望[J].工程力学,2004,21(6):1-20.
[34] 余寿文.断裂力学的历史发展与思考[J].力学与实践,2015,37:390-394.
[35] 陈篪,蔡其巩,王仁智.工程断裂力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1977:1-20.
[36] 范天佑.断裂力学基础[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1978:1-15.
[37] 黄克智,余寿文.弹塑性断裂力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1985:1-20.
[38] 杨卫.宏微观断裂力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995:1-25.
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