Variation of Zooplankton Ecological Group During Spring in China Estuaries
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摘要
Zooplankton was major indicator species of the environment. To explore the effect of marine environment on zooplankton distribution in the coast of China, the zooplankton samples from stations in Guanhe Estuary(GE), Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary(CE), Oujiang Estuary(OE), Jiulongjiang Estuary(JE) and Beilun Estuary(BE)(covering 14 latitudes) in spring were surveyed and the variation of zooplankton ecological group was researched. According to the adaptability temperature, the zooplankton was divided into two ecological groups: warm-temperate species and subtropical species. The warm-temperate species was the main dominant species and subtropical species was only dominant species in BE. Calanus sinicus, a warm-temperate species, was the only dominant species in all five estuaries. From north to south, the proportion of warm-temperate species in the five estuaries gradually decreased depends on the number, were 83.33%, 48.39%, 45.00%, 43.75% and 30.43%, respectively. In contrary, the proportion of subtropical species was gradually increased. The warm-temperate species predominated over the total abundance and the percentage was whopping high in the north estuaries, including GE(96.16%), CE(95.57%), OE(97.83%) and JE(95.53%). The abundance percentage of subtropical species have remarkably higher(82.39%) in BE. Five estuaries zooplankton community was subdivided into three zooplankton groups, which were the northern warm temperate zooplankton group, the southern subtropical zooplankton group and the estuarine brackish-water group. The water temperature and coastal current of China Sea are recognized as the main factors determining the distribution and community structure of estuarine zooplankton in spring.
Zooplankton was major indicator species of the environment. To explore the effect of marine environment on zooplankton distribution in the coast of China, the zooplankton samples from stations in Guanhe Estuary(GE), Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary(CE), Oujiang Estuary(OE), Jiulongjiang Estuary(JE) and Beilun Estuary(BE)(covering 14 latitudes) in spring were surveyed and the variation of zooplankton ecological group was researched. According to the adaptability temperature, the zooplankton was divided into two ecological groups: warm-temperate species and subtropical species. The warm-temperate species was the main dominant species and subtropical species was only dominant species in BE. Calanus sinicus, a warm-temperate species, was the only dominant species in all five estuaries. From north to south, the proportion of warm-temperate species in the five estuaries gradually decreased depends on the number, were 83.33%, 48.39%, 45.00%, 43.75% and 30.43%, respectively. In contrary, the proportion of subtropical species was gradually increased. The warm-temperate species predominated over the total abundance and the percentage was whopping high in the north estuaries, including GE(96.16%), CE(95.57%), OE(97.83%) and JE(95.53%). The abundance percentage of subtropical species have remarkably higher(82.39%) in BE. Five estuaries zooplankton community was subdivided into three zooplankton groups, which were the northern warm temperate zooplankton group, the southern subtropical zooplankton group and the estuarine brackish-water group. The water temperature and coastal current of China Sea are recognized as the main factors determining the distribution and community structure of estuarine zooplankton in spring.
Zooplankton was major indicator species of the environment. To explore the effect of marine environment on zooplankton distribution in the coast of China, the zooplankton samples from stations in Guanhe Estuary(GE), Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary(CE), Oujiang Estuary(OE), Jiulongjiang Estuary(JE) and Beilun Estuary(BE)(covering 14 latitudes) in spring were surveyed and the variation of zooplankton ecological group was researched. According to the adaptability temperature, the zooplankton was divided into two ecological groups: warm-temperate species and subtropical species. The warm-temperate species was the main dominant species and subtropical species was only dominant species in BE. Calanus sinicus, a warm-temperate species, was the only dominant species in all five estuaries. From north to south, the proportion of warm-temperate species in the five estuaries gradually decreased depends on the number, were 83.33%, 48.39%, 45.00%, 43.75% and 30.43%, respectively. In contrary, the proportion of subtropical species was gradually increased. The warm-temperate species predominated over the total abundance and the percentage was whopping high in the north estuaries, including GE(96.16%), CE(95.57%), OE(97.83%) and JE(95.53%). The abundance percentage of subtropical species have remarkably higher(82.39%) in BE. Five estuaries zooplankton community was subdivided into three zooplankton groups, which were the northern warm temperate zooplankton group, the southern subtropical zooplankton group and the estuarine brackish-water group. The water temperature and coastal current of China Sea are recognized as the main factors determining the distribution and community structure of estuarine zooplankton in spring.
引文
Atkinson,A.,Siegel,V.,Pakhomov,E.,and Rothery,P.,2004.Long-term decline in krill stock and increase in salps within the Southern Ocean.Nature,432(7013):100,DOI:10.1038/nature02996.
Attrill,M.J.,2002.A testable linear model for diversity trends in estuaries.Journal of Animal Ecology,71(2):262-269.
Beaugrand,G.,Reid,P.C.,Ibanez,F.,Lindley,J.A.,and Edwards,M.,2002.Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate.Science,296(5573):1692-1694,DOI:10.1126/science.1071329.
Chen,H.,Qi,Y.,and Liu,G.,2011.Spatial and temporal variations of macro-and mesozooplankton community in the Huanghai Sea(Yellow Sea)and East China Sea in summer and winter.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,30(2):84-95,DOI:10.1007/s13131-011-0108-5.
Chen,Q.C.,1992.Zooplankton of China Seas.Science Press,Beijing,1-15.
Chen,Q.C.,Chen Y.Q.,and Hu,Y.Z.,1980.Preliminary study on the plankton communities in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Haiyang Xuebao,2(2):149-157(in Chinese with English abstract).
Clarke,K.R.,1993.Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure.Australian Journal of Ecology,18(1):117-143,DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x.
Gao,Q.,Xu,Z.L.,and Zhuang,P.,2008.The relation between distribution of zooplankton and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,26(2):178-185,DOI:10.1007/s00343-008-0178-1.
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Hirst,A.G.,and Ki?rboe,T.,2002.Mortality of marine planktonic copepods:Global rates and patterns.Marine Ecology Progress Series,230:195-209.
Kimmel,D.G.,and Roman,M.R.,2004.Long-term trends in mesozooplankton abundance in Chesapeake Bay,USA:Influence of freshwater input.Marine Ecology Progress Series,267:71-83.
Leandro,S.M.,Queiroga,H.,Rodríguez-Gra?a,L.,and Tiselius,P.,2006.Temperature-dependent development and somatic growth in two allopatric populations of Acartia clausi(Copepoda:Calanoida).Marine Ecology Progress Series,322:189-197.
Li,K.Z.,Yan,Y.,Yin,J.Q.,Tan,Y.,and Huang,L.M.,2016.Seasonal occurrence of Calanus sinicus in the northern South China Sea:A case study in Daya Bay.Journal of Marine Systems,159:132-141,DOI:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.03.014.
Li,S.J.,Huang,J.Q.,Guo,D.H.,Xu,Z.Z.,and Chen,G.,2006.Study on Ecology of Marine Plankton in Taiwan Strait,China.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),45(z2):24-31(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,J.Y.,and Wang,S.,2000.Fauna Sinica Order Mysidacea.Science Press,Beijing,1-326(in Chinese).
Liu,J.Y.,2008.Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas.Science Press,Beijing,1-24(in Chinese).
Liu,R.Y.,2011.Progress of marine biodiversity studies in China seas.Biodiversity Science,19(6):614-626.
Liu,J.Y.,2013.Status of marine biodiversity of the China Seas.PLo S One,8(1):e50719,DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0050719.
Mackas,D.L.,Goldblatt,R.,and Lewis,A.G.,1998.Interdecadal variation in developmental timing of Neocalanus plumchrus populations at Ocean Station P in the subarctic North Pacific.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,55(8):1878-1893,DOI 10.1139/f98-080.
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State Oceanic Administration,2007.Specifications for Oceanographic Survey-Part 6:Marine Biological Survey.Standards Press of China,Beijing,34-37(in Chinese).
Su,J.L.,and Yuan,Y.L.,2005.Hydrographic Properties of the Coastal Seas of China.Science Press,4-164(in Chinese).
Taylor,A.H.,Allen,J.I.,and Clark,P.A.,2002.Extraction of a weak climatic signal by an ecosystem.Nature,416(6881):629-632,DOI:10.1038/416629a.
Tian,F.G.,and Xu,Z.L.,2011.Ecological characters of zooplankton in middle area of Subei Shoal in spring and summer.Marine Environmental Science,30(3):316-320(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tian,F.G.,and Xu,Z.L.,2012.Impact of seasonal variation of water masses on ecological characters of zooplankton in the coastal waters off central Fujian Province.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,31(6):107-114(in Chinese with English abstract).
Uye,S.,2000.Why does Calanus sinicus prosper in the shelf ecosystem of the Northwest Pacific Ocean?ICES Journal of Marine Science,57(6):1850-1855,DOI:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0965.
Winder,M.,and Jassby,A.D.,2011.Shifts in zooplankton community structure:implications for food web processes in the upper San Francisco Estuary.Estuaries and Coasts,34(4):675-690,DOI;10.1007/s12237-010-9342-x.
Xu,J.Y.,Xu,Z.L.,and Gao,Q.,2016.Distribution of dominant zooplankton species along a latitudinal gradient in China Sea during spring.Journal of Ocean University of China,15(3):502-508,DOI:10.1007/s11802-016-2871-6.
Xu,J.Y.,and Xu,Z.L.,2013.Seasonal succession of zooplankton in Sansha Bay,Fujian.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(5):1413-1424(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.L.,2008.Analysis on the indicator species and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,27(6):83-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.L.,and Chen,Y.Q.,1989.Aggregated Intensity of Dominant Species of Zooplankton in autumn in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea.Chinese Journal of Ecology,8(4):13-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.L.,and Jiang,M.,2006.Distribution pattern of pelagic amphipods and its affecting facors in the East China Sea.Haiyang Xuebao,25(5):112-119(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.L.,and Li,C.,2005.Horizontal distribution and dominant species of heteropods in the East China Sea.Journal of Plankton Research,27(4):373-382,DOI:10.1093/plankt/fbi014.
Yin,J.Q.,Huang,L.M.,Li,K.Z.,Lian,S.,Li,C.,and Lin,Q.,2011.Abundance distribution and seasonal variations of Calanus sinicus(Copepoda:Calanoida)in the northwest continenttal shelf of South China Sea.Continental Shelf Research,31(14):1447-1456,DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2011.06.010.
Zhang,D.,and Xu,Z.L.,2012.Estimating optimal salinity and temperature of chaetognaths.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,92(6):1399-1407,DOI:10.1017/S002531541200001X.
Zhang,Z.L.,and Ye,S.Z.,2005.The species composition and quantity distribution characteristics of zooplankton in Fujian sea area.South China Fisheries Science,1(6):34-38(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng,B.W.,2014.The species composition and quantity distribution characteristics of zooplankton in Fujian sea area.Master thesis.Xiamen University,Xiamen.
Zhou,K.,2006.Species composition and spatio-temporal distribution of dominant species of zooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay.Doctoral thesis.Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.
Attrill,M.J.,2002.A testable linear model for diversity trends in estuaries.Journal of Animal Ecology,71(2):262-269.
Beaugrand,G.,Reid,P.C.,Ibanez,F.,Lindley,J.A.,and Edwards,M.,2002.Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate.Science,296(5573):1692-1694,DOI:10.1126/science.1071329.
Chen,H.,Qi,Y.,and Liu,G.,2011.Spatial and temporal variations of macro-and mesozooplankton community in the Huanghai Sea(Yellow Sea)and East China Sea in summer and winter.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,30(2):84-95,DOI:10.1007/s13131-011-0108-5.
Chen,Q.C.,1992.Zooplankton of China Seas.Science Press,Beijing,1-15.
Chen,Q.C.,Chen Y.Q.,and Hu,Y.Z.,1980.Preliminary study on the plankton communities in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Haiyang Xuebao,2(2):149-157(in Chinese with English abstract).
Clarke,K.R.,1993.Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure.Australian Journal of Ecology,18(1):117-143,DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00438.x.
Gao,Q.,Xu,Z.L.,and Zhuang,P.,2008.The relation between distribution of zooplankton and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,26(2):178-185,DOI:10.1007/s00343-008-0178-1.
Greve,W.,Lange,U.,Reiners,F.,and Nast,J.,2001.Predicting the seasonality of North Sea zooplankton.Marine Biodiversity,31(2):263-268,DOI:10.1007/BF03043035.
Hirst,A.G.,and Ki?rboe,T.,2002.Mortality of marine planktonic copepods:Global rates and patterns.Marine Ecology Progress Series,230:195-209.
Kimmel,D.G.,and Roman,M.R.,2004.Long-term trends in mesozooplankton abundance in Chesapeake Bay,USA:Influence of freshwater input.Marine Ecology Progress Series,267:71-83.
Leandro,S.M.,Queiroga,H.,Rodríguez-Gra?a,L.,and Tiselius,P.,2006.Temperature-dependent development and somatic growth in two allopatric populations of Acartia clausi(Copepoda:Calanoida).Marine Ecology Progress Series,322:189-197.
Li,K.Z.,Yan,Y.,Yin,J.Q.,Tan,Y.,and Huang,L.M.,2016.Seasonal occurrence of Calanus sinicus in the northern South China Sea:A case study in Daya Bay.Journal of Marine Systems,159:132-141,DOI:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.03.014.
Li,S.J.,Huang,J.Q.,Guo,D.H.,Xu,Z.Z.,and Chen,G.,2006.Study on Ecology of Marine Plankton in Taiwan Strait,China.Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),45(z2):24-31(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,J.Y.,and Wang,S.,2000.Fauna Sinica Order Mysidacea.Science Press,Beijing,1-326(in Chinese).
Liu,J.Y.,2008.Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas.Science Press,Beijing,1-24(in Chinese).
Liu,R.Y.,2011.Progress of marine biodiversity studies in China seas.Biodiversity Science,19(6):614-626.
Liu,J.Y.,2013.Status of marine biodiversity of the China Seas.PLo S One,8(1):e50719,DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0050719.
Mackas,D.L.,Goldblatt,R.,and Lewis,A.G.,1998.Interdecadal variation in developmental timing of Neocalanus plumchrus populations at Ocean Station P in the subarctic North Pacific.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,55(8):1878-1893,DOI 10.1139/f98-080.
Richardson,A.J.,2008.In hot water:Zooplankton and climate change.ICES Journal of Marine Science,65(3):279-295,DOI:10.1093/icesjms/fsn028.
Shen,G.Y.,Huang,L.F.,and Guo,F.,2010.Marine Ecology.Science Press,Beijing,55pp(in Chinese).
State Oceanic Administration,2007.Specifications for Oceanographic Survey-Part 6:Marine Biological Survey.Standards Press of China,Beijing,34-37(in Chinese).
Su,J.L.,and Yuan,Y.L.,2005.Hydrographic Properties of the Coastal Seas of China.Science Press,4-164(in Chinese).
Taylor,A.H.,Allen,J.I.,and Clark,P.A.,2002.Extraction of a weak climatic signal by an ecosystem.Nature,416(6881):629-632,DOI:10.1038/416629a.
Tian,F.G.,and Xu,Z.L.,2011.Ecological characters of zooplankton in middle area of Subei Shoal in spring and summer.Marine Environmental Science,30(3):316-320(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tian,F.G.,and Xu,Z.L.,2012.Impact of seasonal variation of water masses on ecological characters of zooplankton in the coastal waters off central Fujian Province.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,31(6):107-114(in Chinese with English abstract).
Uye,S.,2000.Why does Calanus sinicus prosper in the shelf ecosystem of the Northwest Pacific Ocean?ICES Journal of Marine Science,57(6):1850-1855,DOI:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0965.
Winder,M.,and Jassby,A.D.,2011.Shifts in zooplankton community structure:implications for food web processes in the upper San Francisco Estuary.Estuaries and Coasts,34(4):675-690,DOI;10.1007/s12237-010-9342-x.
Xu,J.Y.,Xu,Z.L.,and Gao,Q.,2016.Distribution of dominant zooplankton species along a latitudinal gradient in China Sea during spring.Journal of Ocean University of China,15(3):502-508,DOI:10.1007/s11802-016-2871-6.
Xu,J.Y.,and Xu,Z.L.,2013.Seasonal succession of zooplankton in Sansha Bay,Fujian.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(5):1413-1424(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.L.,2008.Analysis on the indicator species and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,27(6):83-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.L.,and Chen,Y.Q.,1989.Aggregated Intensity of Dominant Species of Zooplankton in autumn in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea.Chinese Journal of Ecology,8(4):13-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.L.,and Jiang,M.,2006.Distribution pattern of pelagic amphipods and its affecting facors in the East China Sea.Haiyang Xuebao,25(5):112-119(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,Z.L.,and Li,C.,2005.Horizontal distribution and dominant species of heteropods in the East China Sea.Journal of Plankton Research,27(4):373-382,DOI:10.1093/plankt/fbi014.
Yin,J.Q.,Huang,L.M.,Li,K.Z.,Lian,S.,Li,C.,and Lin,Q.,2011.Abundance distribution and seasonal variations of Calanus sinicus(Copepoda:Calanoida)in the northwest continenttal shelf of South China Sea.Continental Shelf Research,31(14):1447-1456,DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2011.06.010.
Zhang,D.,and Xu,Z.L.,2012.Estimating optimal salinity and temperature of chaetognaths.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,92(6):1399-1407,DOI:10.1017/S002531541200001X.
Zhang,Z.L.,and Ye,S.Z.,2005.The species composition and quantity distribution characteristics of zooplankton in Fujian sea area.South China Fisheries Science,1(6):34-38(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng,B.W.,2014.The species composition and quantity distribution characteristics of zooplankton in Fujian sea area.Master thesis.Xiamen University,Xiamen.
Zhou,K.,2006.Species composition and spatio-temporal distribution of dominant species of zooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay.Doctoral thesis.Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.
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