黄土-全风化泥岩接触带诱发黄土滑坡敏感性分析
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摘要
选取甘肃天水市黄土层下伏全风化泥岩为研究对象,在工程地质条件调查的基础上,取备原状黄土及全风化泥岩试样进行基本物性指标测试、矿物成分分析试验及易溶盐测试,探讨了全风化泥岩与黄土中物质成分之间的差异性,定义全风化泥岩与黄土中HCO3-和Ca2+质量浓度的比值(M)为敏感性因子,分析全风化泥岩诱发黄土滑坡形成的内在机理.结果表明:全风化泥岩中的粘土矿物含量较高,粘土矿物中以伊利石/蒙脱石混层矿物为主, HCO3-较多,而黄土中Ca2+含量相对丰富.当M>3.13时,利于粘土矿物形成,全风化泥岩透水性变差,通过地下水迁移至黄土泥岩接触带的粘土颗粒以及后期新生成的粘土颗粒都会大大降低黄土泥岩接触带的强度,且地下水易在与黄土接触面富集形成滑面,从而导致诱发滑坡的可能性增大.
The complete-intense weathered mudstone from substratum of the loess in Tianshui, Gansu Province was selected as the research object. Depending on a survey of the engineering geological conditions, undisturbed loess and complete-intense weathered mudstone samples had been taken and tested for basic physical property indexes, and for X-ray diffraction and soluble salt test. The material composition differences between the complete-intense weathered mudstone and the loess were discussed, the ratio of bicarbonate ions to calcium ions concentration called M was defined as a sensitivity factor, the inner mechanism of the loess landslide formation induced by the complete-intense weathered mudstone was analyzed. The results showed that the clay mineral content was high in the complete-intense weathered mudstone, clay minerals gave priority to Illite/Montmorillonite mixed-layer minerals, and there were numerous bicarbonate ions, and the content of calcium ion in the loess was relatively abundant. M>3.13was benefitted to the information of clay mineral, which made water permeability of the complete-intense weathered mudstone poor; not only were the clay minerals migrated by groundwater but the late new generation of clay particles greatly reduced the strength of the loess-mudstone contact zone, and the sliding surface was easily formed at the interface where the groundwater and the loess were enriched, which could lead to a greater possibility of induced landslides.
The complete-intense weathered mudstone from substratum of the loess in Tianshui, Gansu Province was selected as the research object. Depending on a survey of the engineering geological conditions, undisturbed loess and complete-intense weathered mudstone samples had been taken and tested for basic physical property indexes, and for X-ray diffraction and soluble salt test. The material composition differences between the complete-intense weathered mudstone and the loess were discussed, the ratio of bicarbonate ions to calcium ions concentration called M was defined as a sensitivity factor, the inner mechanism of the loess landslide formation induced by the complete-intense weathered mudstone was analyzed. The results showed that the clay mineral content was high in the complete-intense weathered mudstone, clay minerals gave priority to Illite/Montmorillonite mixed-layer minerals, and there were numerous bicarbonate ions, and the content of calcium ion in the loess was relatively abundant. M>3.13was benefitted to the information of clay mineral, which made water permeability of the complete-intense weathered mudstone poor; not only were the clay minerals migrated by groundwater but the late new generation of clay particles greatly reduced the strength of the loess-mudstone contact zone, and the sliding surface was easily formed at the interface where the groundwater and the loess were enriched, which could lead to a greater possibility of induced landslides.
引文
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[12]陈洪凯,唐红梅,唐云辉,等.强降雨作用下强风化泥岩降雨入渗特性试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2014, 35(10):2755-2760.
[13]唐迎春,黄钟晖,张凯,等.南宁第三系浅表层风化泥岩物理力学及膨胀特性指标分析[J].工程地质学报,2014, 22(1):144-151.
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[15]欧尔峰,梁庆国,鲁得文,等.天水第三系泥岩地球化学特性研究:以梁家山隧道开挖岩样为例[J].地球科学进展, 2013, 28(3):398-406.
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[17]杨仲康,陈冠,孟兴民,等.基于现场渗透试验的黄土滑坡体入渗特性[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2017, 53(3):285-291.
[18] Early K R, Skempton A W. Investigation of the landslide at Waltons's Wood, Staffordshire[J]. Journal of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 1972, 5:19-41.
[19] Zheng Guo-dong, Lang Yu-hua, Takano B, et al. Iron speciation of sliding mud in Toyama Prefecture, Japan[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2002, 20:955-963.
[20] Zheng Guo-dong, Lang Yu-hua, Miyahara M, et al. Iron oxide precipitate in seepage of groundwater from a landslide slip zone[J]. Environmental Geology, 2007, 51:1455-1464.
[21] Wen B P, Aydin A, Aydin N S. Geochemical characteristics of the slip zones in granitic saprolite and the implication in their origin and evolution[J]. Environmental Geology, 2004, 47:140-154.
[22] Wen B P, Chen H Y. Mineral compositions and elements concentrations as indications for the role of groundwater in the development of landslide slip zones:a case study of large-scale landslides in the Three Gorges Area in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(6):98-106.
[23] Shuzui H. Process of slip-surface development and formation of slip-surface clay in landslides in Tertiary volcanic rocks, Japan[J]. Engineering Geology, 2001,61(4):199-220.
[24]谢正团,郭富赟,孟兴民,等.天水市北山王家半坡滑坡形成机制[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2016,52(1):31-36.
[25]谌文武,刘伟,林高潮,等.黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡滑带土力学特征研究[J].冰川冻土, 2017, 39(3):593-601.
[2]王平,王杰民,刘红玫,等.黄土层下覆强风化岩动弹性模量和阻尼比试验研究[J].地震工程学报, 2011, 33(3):291-294.
[3]王谦,钟秀梅,车高凤,等.黄土地区强风化泥岩动力特性的试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质, 2016, 43(2):88-92.
[4]何蕾,文宝萍,李慧.水在兰州地区红层风化泥岩抗剪强度中的综合效应[J].水文地质工程地质, 2010, 37(3):48-52.
[5]何蕾,文宝萍.灌溉溶滤对西北地区红层风化泥岩不排水抗剪强度的影响[J].水文地质工程地质, 2014, 41(3):47-52.
[6]谌文武,林高潮,刘伟,等.全风化灰绿色及红色泥岩物理力学性质对比研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2016,35(12):2572-2582.
[7]苗建宇,祝总棋,刘文荣,等.济阳坳陷古近系一新近系泥岩孔隙结构特征[J].地质论评, 2003, 49(3):330-336.
[8]张俊云,周德培.红层泥岩边坡快速风化规律[J].西南交通大学学报, 2006, 41(1):74-79.
[9]杨宗才,张俊云,周德培.红层泥岩边坡快速风化特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2006, 25(2):275-283.
[10]张永安,李峰,陈军.红层泥岩水岩作用特征研究[J].工程地质学报, 2008, 16(1):22-26.
[11]陈洪凯,唐红梅,鲜学福.缓倾角层状岩体边坡链式演化规律[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2009, 45(1):20-25.
[12]陈洪凯,唐红梅,唐云辉,等.强降雨作用下强风化泥岩降雨入渗特性试验研究[J].岩土力学, 2014, 35(10):2755-2760.
[13]唐迎春,黄钟晖,张凯,等.南宁第三系浅表层风化泥岩物理力学及膨胀特性指标分析[J].工程地质学报,2014, 22(1):144-151.
[14]殷跃平,胡瑞林.三峡库区巴东组(T_2b)紫红色泥岩工程地质特征研究[J].工程地质学报, 2004, 12(2):124-135.
[15]欧尔峰,梁庆国,鲁得文,等.天水第三系泥岩地球化学特性研究:以梁家山隧道开挖岩样为例[J].地球科学进展, 2013, 28(3):398-406.
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组. GB/T 50123-1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社, 1999.
[17]杨仲康,陈冠,孟兴民,等.基于现场渗透试验的黄土滑坡体入渗特性[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2017, 53(3):285-291.
[18] Early K R, Skempton A W. Investigation of the landslide at Waltons's Wood, Staffordshire[J]. Journal of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 1972, 5:19-41.
[19] Zheng Guo-dong, Lang Yu-hua, Takano B, et al. Iron speciation of sliding mud in Toyama Prefecture, Japan[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2002, 20:955-963.
[20] Zheng Guo-dong, Lang Yu-hua, Miyahara M, et al. Iron oxide precipitate in seepage of groundwater from a landslide slip zone[J]. Environmental Geology, 2007, 51:1455-1464.
[21] Wen B P, Aydin A, Aydin N S. Geochemical characteristics of the slip zones in granitic saprolite and the implication in their origin and evolution[J]. Environmental Geology, 2004, 47:140-154.
[22] Wen B P, Chen H Y. Mineral compositions and elements concentrations as indications for the role of groundwater in the development of landslide slip zones:a case study of large-scale landslides in the Three Gorges Area in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2007, 14(6):98-106.
[23] Shuzui H. Process of slip-surface development and formation of slip-surface clay in landslides in Tertiary volcanic rocks, Japan[J]. Engineering Geology, 2001,61(4):199-220.
[24]谢正团,郭富赟,孟兴民,等.天水市北山王家半坡滑坡形成机制[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版, 2016,52(1):31-36.
[25]谌文武,刘伟,林高潮,等.黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡滑带土力学特征研究[J].冰川冻土, 2017, 39(3):593-601.
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