危险化学品泄漏事故海洋环境质量影响评价技术研究
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摘要
近年来,危险化学品泄漏入海事故风险不断增大,而国内外在危化品泄漏事故对海洋环境影响的评价方法尚不完善。本研究针对危化品泄漏入海事故的特点,构建了危化品泄漏事故海洋环境质量影响评价工作程序及技术路线,参考相关技术规范和文献资料,明确了不同类别海洋环境敏感程度的划分原则,提出了危化品泄漏事故等级和海洋环境质量影响评价工作等级的确定方法。在此基础上,针对海洋水质、海洋沉积物和海洋生物等环境质量要素,探讨了不同评价等级下调查范围、站位和频次等的设定方法。获取各项环境质量指标后,提出了基于有序二元对比定权的综合指数法评价危化品泄漏对海洋环境质量的影响程度。本研究为危化品泄漏事故海洋环境影响评价标准和规范的制定奠定了坚实的基础。
According to the characteristics of hazardous chemicals incidentally leaked into sea, we established a work procedure and a technical routine of assessing the influence of hazardous chemicals incidentally leaked into sea on the marine environmental quality. By taking the relevant technical standards, guidelines and literatures into consideration, the level of sensitivity was determined for different types of marine environments. The determination method of leakage incident level and marine environmental quality impact assessment level were proposed. Based on these results, the setting method of the investigation range, monitoring stations and frequency under different environmental impact assessment levels were discussed for the environmental quality elements including marine water, sediments and organisms. After obtaining the items, the standard index method was used to evaluate the impact of hazardous chemicals leakage on the marine environment. In this study, we have established a solid foundation for the establishment of standard and regulation of the marine environmental impact assessment due to the leakage incident of hazardous chemicals.
According to the characteristics of hazardous chemicals incidentally leaked into sea, we established a work procedure and a technical routine of assessing the influence of hazardous chemicals incidentally leaked into sea on the marine environmental quality. By taking the relevant technical standards, guidelines and literatures into consideration, the level of sensitivity was determined for different types of marine environments. The determination method of leakage incident level and marine environmental quality impact assessment level were proposed. Based on these results, the setting method of the investigation range, monitoring stations and frequency under different environmental impact assessment levels were discussed for the environmental quality elements including marine water, sediments and organisms. After obtaining the items, the standard index method was used to evaluate the impact of hazardous chemicals leakage on the marine environment. In this study, we have established a solid foundation for the establishment of standard and regulation of the marine environmental impact assessment due to the leakage incident of hazardous chemicals.
引文
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[11] 陈轩, 叶赛, 曹巍, 等. 船载危化品突发事故等级划分指标研究[J]. 武汉:中国水运, 2012, (2): 36-37.
[12] KIRBY M F, GIOIA R, LAW R J. The principles of effective post-spill environmental monitoring in marine environments and their application to preparedness assessment[J]. England:Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 82: 11-18.
[13] 雷方辉, 谭海涛. 海洋石油开发环境影响评价技术回顾[J]. 北京:中国海上油气(工程), 2003, 15(4): 32-35.
[14] 李鹏山, 谢跟踪, 陈小红,等. 数值模拟方法在海洋环境影响评价中的应用[J]. 海口:海南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 21(2): 200-207.
[15] VETHAAK A D, DAVIES I M, THAIN J E, et al. Integrated indicator framework and methodology for monitoring and assessment of hazardous substances and their effects in the marine environment[J]. Netherlands:Marine Environmental Research, 2017, 124: 11-20.
[16] The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection. Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure for Chemical Substances Carried by Ships, 2nd Edition[S]. International Maritime Organization, London. 2014.
[17] 陈斯婷, 耿安朝. 海洋环境影响评价技术研究初探[J]. 北京:海洋开发与管理, 2011, 28(9): 84-89.
[18] 王雪琴, 童赛红, 陈萍花. 水质监测与评价[M]. 成都:西南交通大学出版社, 2017: 131-136.
[2] 王颢. 集装箱船载危险化学品泄漏污染事故海洋环境应急监测与思考[J]. 北京:海洋开发与管理, 2014, 6: 81-87.
[3] RADOVIC J R, RIAL D, LYONS B P, et al. Post-incident monitoring to evaluate environmental damage from shipping incidents: Chemical and biological assessments[J]. Spain:Journal of Environmental Management, 2012, 109: 136-153.
[4] 疏震娅. 论海洋生态损害国家索赔诉讼制度的建立[J]. 青岛:中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版), 2011, 24(2): 24-28.
[5] 彭振中. 渤海海域散装液化品泄漏事故风险评价及应急对策研究[D]. 武汉:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文, 2014.
[6] 陈协明. 沉降型化学品海上泄漏事故应急决策支持系统的研究[D]. 大连:大连海事大学硕士学位论文, 2004.
[7] MCCAY D P F, WHITTIER N, WARD M, et al. Spill hazard evaluation for chemicals shipped in bulk using modeling[J]. England:Environmental Modelling & Software, 2006, 21: 156-169.
[8] ZHU T, JIA Y, WANG S S Y. Environmental impacts assessment of disastrous chemical spill using CCHE2D model[J]. UK:Impact Assessment & Project Appraisal, 2006, 24(2): 103-114.
[9] 蒋文新, 张光玉. GESAMP危险化学品评估方法及应用[J]. 天津:中国海事, 2012, (6): 41-44.
[10] ROCHA A C S, REIS-HENRIQUES M A, GALHANO V, et al. Toxicity of seven priority hazardous and noxious substances (HNSs) to marine organisms: Current status, knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research[J]. Netherlands:Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 542: 728-749.
[11] 陈轩, 叶赛, 曹巍, 等. 船载危化品突发事故等级划分指标研究[J]. 武汉:中国水运, 2012, (2): 36-37.
[12] KIRBY M F, GIOIA R, LAW R J. The principles of effective post-spill environmental monitoring in marine environments and their application to preparedness assessment[J]. England:Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 82: 11-18.
[13] 雷方辉, 谭海涛. 海洋石油开发环境影响评价技术回顾[J]. 北京:中国海上油气(工程), 2003, 15(4): 32-35.
[14] 李鹏山, 谢跟踪, 陈小红,等. 数值模拟方法在海洋环境影响评价中的应用[J]. 海口:海南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 21(2): 200-207.
[15] VETHAAK A D, DAVIES I M, THAIN J E, et al. Integrated indicator framework and methodology for monitoring and assessment of hazardous substances and their effects in the marine environment[J]. Netherlands:Marine Environmental Research, 2017, 124: 11-20.
[16] The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection. Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure for Chemical Substances Carried by Ships, 2nd Edition[S]. International Maritime Organization, London. 2014.
[17] 陈斯婷, 耿安朝. 海洋环境影响评价技术研究初探[J]. 北京:海洋开发与管理, 2011, 28(9): 84-89.
[18] 王雪琴, 童赛红, 陈萍花. 水质监测与评价[M]. 成都:西南交通大学出版社, 2017: 131-136.
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