观测时次对波浪能资源评估的影响分析
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摘要
为研究不同观测时次对波浪能资源评估的影响,以渤海、黄海、东海40个波浪站四季逐时观测资料为基础,将该观测资料计算的波浪能季、年平均值和最大能流密度作为实际值,分别取每3和6小时的观测数据进行季、年平均值和最大值计算,分析其与实际值之间的绝均差、标准差和平均相对误差,并采用成对t检验进行显著性分析,确定波浪能观测的适宜观测时次。结果表明:1)不同观测时次所计算的波浪能季、年平均能流密度与实际值无显著性差异,观测间隔越短,检验效果越好;2)不同观测时次计算的波浪能季最大能流密度与实际值虽无显著差异,但误差波动较大;3)仅白天观测4次计算的年最大能流密度与实际值差异显著,不能用于年最大能流密度计算。总体来讲,每日4次及以上的观测,所计算的波浪能季、年平均能流密度可代表实际值。
National standards specify different wave observation intervals. In order to study the influence of different observation intervals to wave energy resources assessment,we used four-season hourly observations of 40 stations located in the Bohai sea,Yellow sea and East China sea,to calculate the seasonal,annual mean and maximum wave energy fluxes as the actual values. Then the 3 h-and 6 h-observations were extracted to calculate the above four items. The mean absolute errors,standard deviations and the relative errors between the actual and 3 h-/6 h-calculations were computed and analyzed. Additionally,the significance was test by the paired t-test to determine the appropriate interval of wave energy observations. The results showed that 1)there is no significant difference between the actual and 3 h-/6 hcalculated seasonal and annual mean energy fluxes,and the shorter of the observation interval and the higher of the frequency,the better of the resulted test;2)there is no significant difference between the actual and 3 h-/6 h-calculated seasonal maximum wave energy fluxes but the error was larger;3)the annual maximum energy flux calculated from the3 h-daytime observations showed significant difference from the actual value,implying that such observation cannot be used for this calculation. In general,the calculations of observations at least four times in a day can represent the actual seasonal and annual mean wave energy fluxes.
National standards specify different wave observation intervals. In order to study the influence of different observation intervals to wave energy resources assessment,we used four-season hourly observations of 40 stations located in the Bohai sea,Yellow sea and East China sea,to calculate the seasonal,annual mean and maximum wave energy fluxes as the actual values. Then the 3 h-and 6 h-observations were extracted to calculate the above four items. The mean absolute errors,standard deviations and the relative errors between the actual and 3 h-/6 h-calculations were computed and analyzed. Additionally,the significance was test by the paired t-test to determine the appropriate interval of wave energy observations. The results showed that 1)there is no significant difference between the actual and 3 h-/6 hcalculated seasonal and annual mean energy fluxes,and the shorter of the observation interval and the higher of the frequency,the better of the resulted test;2)there is no significant difference between the actual and 3 h-/6 h-calculated seasonal maximum wave energy fluxes but the error was larger;3)the annual maximum energy flux calculated from the3 h-daytime observations showed significant difference from the actual value,implying that such observation cannot be used for this calculation. In general,the calculations of observations at least four times in a day can represent the actual seasonal and annual mean wave energy fluxes.
引文
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[11]Lu Wei.Information system for ocean wave resources and its application to wave power utilization[J].China Ocean Engineering,1997,11(3):325-334.
[12]任建莉,罗誉娅,钟英杰,等.波力资源分析系统的实现及波能发电应用[J].浙江工业大学学报,2008,36(2):186-191.[12]Ren Jianli,Luo Yuya,Zhong Yingjie,et al.The implementation for the analysis system of ocean wave resources and the application of wave energy power generation[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technolygy,2008,36(2):186-191.
[13]高祺,魏瑞江,王鑫,等.日光温室内气温观测的适宜频次初探[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(3):278-286.[13]Gao Qi,Wei Ruijiang,Wang Xin,et al.Study of suitable frequency of temperature observation in the Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(3):278-286.
[2]GB/T 14914-2006,海滨观测规范[S].[2]GB/T 14914-2006,The specification for offshore observations[S].
[3]GB/T 12763.2-2007,海洋调查规范第2部分:海洋水文观测[S].[3]GB/T 12763.2-2007,Specification for oceanographic survey(Part 2):Marine hydrographic observation[S].
[4]GB/T 17838-1999,船舶海洋水文气象辅助测报规范[S].[4]GB/T 17838-1999,The specification for the ships’auxiliary marine hydrology and metereological observations[S].
[5]国家海洋局.海洋观测浮标通用技术要求(2014试行)[S].[5]State Oceanic Administration.General technical requirements of ocean buoy(trial implementation 2014)[S].
[6]Nath J H,Williams R M.Preliminary feasibility study for utilization of water wave energy[R].Wave and Salinity Gradient Energy Conversion Workshop,1976.
[7]马怀书,于庆武.我国毗邻海区表面波能的初步估算[J].海洋通报,1983,2(3):73-81.[7]Ma Huaishu,Yu Qingwu.Primary estimation of surface wave energy in China offshore area and adjacent region[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1983,2(3):73-81.
[8]李陆平,田素珍,徐来声,等.渤、黄海波能的估算及其对波能转换前景的评价[J].黄渤海海洋,1984,2(2):14-23.[8]Li Luping,Tian Suzhen,Xu Laisheng,et al.Waves in the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea and an evaluation of prospects for converting wave power[J].Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1984,2(2):14-23.
[9]王传崑.我国海洋能资源的初步分析[J].海洋工程,1984,2(6):58-67.[9]Wang Chuankun.Primary analysis of ocean energy sources of China[J].The Ocean Engineering,1984,2(6):58-67.
[10]王传崑.我国沿岸波浪能资源状况的初步分析[J].东海海洋,1984,2(2):32-38.[10]Wang Chuankun.Primary analysis of the coastal wave energy source of China[J].Donghai Marine Science,1984,2(2):32-38.
[11]Lu Wei.Information system for ocean wave resources and its application to wave power utilization[J].China Ocean Engineering,1997,11(3):325-334.
[12]任建莉,罗誉娅,钟英杰,等.波力资源分析系统的实现及波能发电应用[J].浙江工业大学学报,2008,36(2):186-191.[12]Ren Jianli,Luo Yuya,Zhong Yingjie,et al.The implementation for the analysis system of ocean wave resources and the application of wave energy power generation[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technolygy,2008,36(2):186-191.
[13]高祺,魏瑞江,王鑫,等.日光温室内气温观测的适宜频次初探[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(3):278-286.[13]Gao Qi,Wei Ruijiang,Wang Xin,et al.Study of suitable frequency of temperature observation in the Chinese solar greenhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(3):278-286.
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