亚洲树轮平均敏感度分布特征及其影响因素
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摘要
树轮敏感度是指示树轮对气候变化敏感程度的重要统计参数,研究大尺度树木敏感度的分布特征及其影响因素有助于理解树木生长和气候的相互关系.本文使用来自国际树轮库(ITRDB)的573条树轮宽度记录,研究亚洲树轮敏感度的分布特征及可能的影响因素.结果表明:在干旱地区和温度较低的区域,树木的平均敏感度更高,降水对敏感度的影响强于温度.平均敏感度随海拔的上升表现出下降-上升-下降的波动变化.这种波动与降水随着海拔表现的上升-下降-上升的变化相吻合,说明海拔变化导致的降水改变可能是导致平均敏感度变化的重要因素之一.不同树种生理性状的差异导致其敏感度差异较大,祁连圆柏、西藏白皮松等阳生树种由于耐旱性而具有更高的敏感度,而阴生树种如云杉属和冷杉属则敏感度较低;老龄树可能具有更高的敏感度.
Mean sensitivity(MS) of tree ring is a key index representing the sensitivity of tree rings to climate. Understanding the variation of MS and its influencing factors at a large area is helpful to understand the interaction between tree growth and climate. We used 573 tree-ring width chronologies in Asia from the International Tree Ring Date Bank(ITRDB) to examine the variation of tree-ring sensitivity and potential influencing factors. The results showed that the MS of trees was high in the arid regions and cold regions. Precipitation was more important than temperature in diriving MS. Consistent with the pattern of up-down-up for precipitation, MS showed a down-up-down fluctuation with increasing altitude, indicating that precipitation affected by altitude was a key climate factor for the MS. MS had great difference due to different physiological traits among tree species. Light-adapted species, such as Juniperus przewalskii and Pinus gerardiana, had high MS due to drought tole-rance. Shade-adapted species, such as Picea and Abies, had low MS. Old trees may have high MS.
Mean sensitivity(MS) of tree ring is a key index representing the sensitivity of tree rings to climate. Understanding the variation of MS and its influencing factors at a large area is helpful to understand the interaction between tree growth and climate. We used 573 tree-ring width chronologies in Asia from the International Tree Ring Date Bank(ITRDB) to examine the variation of tree-ring sensitivity and potential influencing factors. The results showed that the MS of trees was high in the arid regions and cold regions. Precipitation was more important than temperature in diriving MS. Consistent with the pattern of up-down-up for precipitation, MS showed a down-up-down fluctuation with increasing altitude, indicating that precipitation affected by altitude was a key climate factor for the MS. MS had great difference due to different physiological traits among tree species. Light-adapted species, such as Juniperus przewalskii and Pinus gerardiana, had high MS due to drought tole-rance. Shade-adapted species, such as Picea and Abies, had low MS. Old trees may have high MS.
引文
[1] Ma Y-Y (马永永). Drought Variation over the Past 500 Years in Asia as Inferred from Tree Rings. PhD Thesis. Beijing: Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016 (in Chinese)
[2] Cook ER, Krusic PJ, Anchukaitis KJ, et al. Tree-ring reconstructed summer temperature anomalies for tempe-rate East Asia since 800 CE. Climate Dynamics, 2013, 41: 2957-2972
[3] Feng S, Ge QS, Yang B, et al. A multi-proxy reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations in Asian summer temperatures over the last millennium. Climatic Change, 2015, 131: 663-676
[4] Wu X-D (吴祥定). Tree Ring and Climate Change. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1990 (in Chinese)
[5] Zheng Y-H (郑永宏), Zhang Y (张永), Shao X-M (邵雪梅), et al. Climate significance of tree ring width of Huangshan pine and Chinese pine in the Dabie Mountains. Progress in Geography (地理科学进展), 2012, 31(1): 72-77 (in Chinese)
[6] Niu J-Q (牛军强), Yuan Y-J (袁玉江), Zhang T-W (张同文), et al. Characteristics of tree-ring width chronologies in Altay and their response to climate change. Desert and Oasis Meteorology (沙漠与绿洲气象), 2016, 10(1): 59-67 (in Chinese)
[7] Carrer M, Urbinati C. Age-dependent tree ring growth responses to climate of Larix decidua and Pinus cembra in the Italian Alps. Ecology, 2004, 85: 730-740
[8] Gao LL, Gou XH, Deng Y, et al. Climate-growth analysis of Qilian juniper across an altitudinal gradient in the central Qilian Mountains, northwest China. Trees, 2013, 27: 379-388
[9] Liu B, Liang EY, Liu K, et al. Species- and elevation-dependent growth responses to climate warming of mountain forests in the Qinling Mountains, Central China. Forests, 2018, 9: 248
[10] Peng JF, Gou XH, Chen F, et al. Altitudinal variability of climate-tree growth relationships along a consistent slope of Anyemaqen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Dendrochronologia, 2008, 26: 87-96
[11] Zhang XW, Liu XH, Zhang QL, et al. Species-specific tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency of Dahurian larch (Larbc gmelinii) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) growing in a boreal permafrost region of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018, 248: 145-155
[12] Yao Q-C (姚启超), Wang X-C (王晓春), Xiao X-W (肖兴威). Climate-growth relationships of Picea koraiensis and causes of its recent decline in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(7): 1935-1944 (in Chinese)
[13] Cook ER. A Time Series Analysis Approach to Tree Ring Standardization. PhD Thesis. Tempe, AZ, USA: University of Arizona, 1985
[14] Kirdyanov AV, Treydte KS, Nikolaev A, et al. Climate signals in tree-ring width, density and δ13C from larches in Eastern Siberia (Russia). Chemical Geology, 2008, 252: 31-41
[15] Fritts HC. Tree Ring and Climate. London: Academic Press, 1976
[16] Graumlich LJ. Subalpine. Tree growth, climate, and increasing CO2: An assessment of recent growth trends. Ecology, 1991, 72: 1-11
[17] Zhang RB, Hang RB, Yuan YJ, et al. Dendroclimatic reconstruction of autumn-winter mean minimum temperature in the eastern Tibetan Plateau since 1600 AD. Dendrochronologia, 2015, 33: 1-7
[18] Pan R-C (潘瑞炽). Plant Physiology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1979 (in Chinese)
[19] Yuan Y-J (袁玉江), Li J-F (李江风). Reconstruction and analysis of 450 years’ winter temperature series in the ürümqi River source of Tianshan Mountains. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology (冰川冻土), 1999, 21(1): 64-70 (in Chinese)
[20] Li J-F (李江风), Yuan Y-J (袁玉江), You X-Y (由希尧). The Study of Tree Ring Hydrology and Its Applications. Beijing: Science Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[21] Fu B-P (傅抱璞). Mountain Climate. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1983 (in Chinese)
[22] Gou XH, Chen F, Yang M, et al. Climatic response of thick leaf spruce (Picea crassifolia) tree-ring width at different elevations over Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. Journal of Arid Environments, 2005, 61: 513-524
[23] Gou X-H (勾晓华), Chen F-H (陈发虎), Yang M-X (杨梅学), et al. Analysis of the tree-ring width chronology of Qilian Mountains at different elevation. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2004, 24(1): 172-176 (in Chinese)
[24] Li L-L (李玲玲), Shi J-F (史江峰), Hou X-Y (侯鑫源), et al. High altitude Pinus taiwanensis Hayata growth response to climate in Jiulongshan and Guniujiang, Southeastern China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(7): 1849-1856 (in Chinese)
[25] Yang B, He M, Melvin TM, et al. Climate control on tree growth at the upper and lower treelines: A case study in the Qilian Mountain, Tibetan Plateau. PLoS One, 2013, 8(7): e69065
[26] Zhang Y (张赟), Yin D-C (尹定财), Tian K (田昆), et al. Relationship between radial growth of Abies georgei and climate factors at different altitudes on the eastern slope of Yulong Snow Mountain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(7): 2355-2361 (in Chinese)
[27] Wang T, Ren HB, Ma KP. Climatic signals in tree ring of Picea schrenkiana along an altitudinal gradient in the central Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. Trees, 2005, 19: 736-742
[28] Yu J (于健), Liu Q-J (刘琪璟), Zhou G (周光) , et al. Response of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis and Picea jezoensis to climate change in Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(11): 3451-3460 (in Chinese)
[29] Hartl-Meier C, Dittmar C, Zang C, et al. Mountain fore-st growth response to climate change in the Northern Limestone Alps. Trees, 2014, 28: 819-829
[30] Zimmermann J, Hauck M, Dulamsuren C, et al. Climate warming-related growth decline affects Fagus sylvatica, but not other broad-leaved tree species in Central European mixed forests. Ecosystems, 2015, 18: 560-572
[31] Jiao L, Jiang Y, Wang MC, et al. Age-effect radial growth responses of Picea schrenkiana to climate change in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China. Forests, 2017, 8: 17
[32] Xiang X-G (向小果), Cao M (曹明), Zhou Z-K (周浙昆). Fossil history modern distribution of the genus Abies (Pinaceae). Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 2006, 28(5): 439-452 (in Chinese)
[33] Liu Z-L (刘增力), Fang J-Y (方精云), Piao S-L (朴世龙). Geographical distribution of species in genera Abies, Picea and Larix in China. Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 2002, 57(5): 577-586 (in Chinese)
[34] Hunt Jr ER, Lavigne MB, Franklin SE. Factors controlling the decline of net primary production with stand age for balsam fir in Newfoundland assessed using an ecosystem stimulation model. Ecological Modelling, 1999, 122: 151-164
[35] Yu GR, Liu YB, Wang XC, et al. Age-dependent tree-ring growth responses to climate in Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.). Trees, 2008, 22: 197-204
[36] Jan E, Rolf N, Peter B, et al. Climate signal age effects: Evidence from young and old trees in the Swiss Engadin. Forest Ecology and Management, 2008, 255: 3783-3789
[37] Wu G, Xu G, Chen T, et al. Age-dependent tree-ring growth responses of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) to climate: A case study in the Tianshan Mountain, China. Dendrochronologia, 2013, 31: 318-326
[38] Wang X, Zhang Y, Mcrae DJ. Spatial and age-depen-dent tree-ring growth responses of Larix gmelinii to climate in northeastern China. Trees, 2009, 23: 875-885
[2] Cook ER, Krusic PJ, Anchukaitis KJ, et al. Tree-ring reconstructed summer temperature anomalies for tempe-rate East Asia since 800 CE. Climate Dynamics, 2013, 41: 2957-2972
[3] Feng S, Ge QS, Yang B, et al. A multi-proxy reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations in Asian summer temperatures over the last millennium. Climatic Change, 2015, 131: 663-676
[4] Wu X-D (吴祥定). Tree Ring and Climate Change. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1990 (in Chinese)
[5] Zheng Y-H (郑永宏), Zhang Y (张永), Shao X-M (邵雪梅), et al. Climate significance of tree ring width of Huangshan pine and Chinese pine in the Dabie Mountains. Progress in Geography (地理科学进展), 2012, 31(1): 72-77 (in Chinese)
[6] Niu J-Q (牛军强), Yuan Y-J (袁玉江), Zhang T-W (张同文), et al. Characteristics of tree-ring width chronologies in Altay and their response to climate change. Desert and Oasis Meteorology (沙漠与绿洲气象), 2016, 10(1): 59-67 (in Chinese)
[7] Carrer M, Urbinati C. Age-dependent tree ring growth responses to climate of Larix decidua and Pinus cembra in the Italian Alps. Ecology, 2004, 85: 730-740
[8] Gao LL, Gou XH, Deng Y, et al. Climate-growth analysis of Qilian juniper across an altitudinal gradient in the central Qilian Mountains, northwest China. Trees, 2013, 27: 379-388
[9] Liu B, Liang EY, Liu K, et al. Species- and elevation-dependent growth responses to climate warming of mountain forests in the Qinling Mountains, Central China. Forests, 2018, 9: 248
[10] Peng JF, Gou XH, Chen F, et al. Altitudinal variability of climate-tree growth relationships along a consistent slope of Anyemaqen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Dendrochronologia, 2008, 26: 87-96
[11] Zhang XW, Liu XH, Zhang QL, et al. Species-specific tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency of Dahurian larch (Larbc gmelinii) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) growing in a boreal permafrost region of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeastern China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2018, 248: 145-155
[12] Yao Q-C (姚启超), Wang X-C (王晓春), Xiao X-W (肖兴威). Climate-growth relationships of Picea koraiensis and causes of its recent decline in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(7): 1935-1944 (in Chinese)
[13] Cook ER. A Time Series Analysis Approach to Tree Ring Standardization. PhD Thesis. Tempe, AZ, USA: University of Arizona, 1985
[14] Kirdyanov AV, Treydte KS, Nikolaev A, et al. Climate signals in tree-ring width, density and δ13C from larches in Eastern Siberia (Russia). Chemical Geology, 2008, 252: 31-41
[15] Fritts HC. Tree Ring and Climate. London: Academic Press, 1976
[16] Graumlich LJ. Subalpine. Tree growth, climate, and increasing CO2: An assessment of recent growth trends. Ecology, 1991, 72: 1-11
[17] Zhang RB, Hang RB, Yuan YJ, et al. Dendroclimatic reconstruction of autumn-winter mean minimum temperature in the eastern Tibetan Plateau since 1600 AD. Dendrochronologia, 2015, 33: 1-7
[18] Pan R-C (潘瑞炽). Plant Physiology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1979 (in Chinese)
[19] Yuan Y-J (袁玉江), Li J-F (李江风). Reconstruction and analysis of 450 years’ winter temperature series in the ürümqi River source of Tianshan Mountains. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology (冰川冻土), 1999, 21(1): 64-70 (in Chinese)
[20] Li J-F (李江风), Yuan Y-J (袁玉江), You X-Y (由希尧). The Study of Tree Ring Hydrology and Its Applications. Beijing: Science Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[21] Fu B-P (傅抱璞). Mountain Climate. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1983 (in Chinese)
[22] Gou XH, Chen F, Yang M, et al. Climatic response of thick leaf spruce (Picea crassifolia) tree-ring width at different elevations over Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. Journal of Arid Environments, 2005, 61: 513-524
[23] Gou X-H (勾晓华), Chen F-H (陈发虎), Yang M-X (杨梅学), et al. Analysis of the tree-ring width chronology of Qilian Mountains at different elevation. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2004, 24(1): 172-176 (in Chinese)
[24] Li L-L (李玲玲), Shi J-F (史江峰), Hou X-Y (侯鑫源), et al. High altitude Pinus taiwanensis Hayata growth response to climate in Jiulongshan and Guniujiang, Southeastern China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(7): 1849-1856 (in Chinese)
[25] Yang B, He M, Melvin TM, et al. Climate control on tree growth at the upper and lower treelines: A case study in the Qilian Mountain, Tibetan Plateau. PLoS One, 2013, 8(7): e69065
[26] Zhang Y (张赟), Yin D-C (尹定财), Tian K (田昆), et al. Relationship between radial growth of Abies georgei and climate factors at different altitudes on the eastern slope of Yulong Snow Mountain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(7): 2355-2361 (in Chinese)
[27] Wang T, Ren HB, Ma KP. Climatic signals in tree ring of Picea schrenkiana along an altitudinal gradient in the central Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. Trees, 2005, 19: 736-742
[28] Yu J (于健), Liu Q-J (刘琪璟), Zhou G (周光) , et al. Response of radial growth of Pinus koraiensis and Picea jezoensis to climate change in Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(11): 3451-3460 (in Chinese)
[29] Hartl-Meier C, Dittmar C, Zang C, et al. Mountain fore-st growth response to climate change in the Northern Limestone Alps. Trees, 2014, 28: 819-829
[30] Zimmermann J, Hauck M, Dulamsuren C, et al. Climate warming-related growth decline affects Fagus sylvatica, but not other broad-leaved tree species in Central European mixed forests. Ecosystems, 2015, 18: 560-572
[31] Jiao L, Jiang Y, Wang MC, et al. Age-effect radial growth responses of Picea schrenkiana to climate change in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China. Forests, 2017, 8: 17
[32] Xiang X-G (向小果), Cao M (曹明), Zhou Z-K (周浙昆). Fossil history modern distribution of the genus Abies (Pinaceae). Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 2006, 28(5): 439-452 (in Chinese)
[33] Liu Z-L (刘增力), Fang J-Y (方精云), Piao S-L (朴世龙). Geographical distribution of species in genera Abies, Picea and Larix in China. Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 2002, 57(5): 577-586 (in Chinese)
[34] Hunt Jr ER, Lavigne MB, Franklin SE. Factors controlling the decline of net primary production with stand age for balsam fir in Newfoundland assessed using an ecosystem stimulation model. Ecological Modelling, 1999, 122: 151-164
[35] Yu GR, Liu YB, Wang XC, et al. Age-dependent tree-ring growth responses to climate in Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.). Trees, 2008, 22: 197-204
[36] Jan E, Rolf N, Peter B, et al. Climate signal age effects: Evidence from young and old trees in the Swiss Engadin. Forest Ecology and Management, 2008, 255: 3783-3789
[37] Wu G, Xu G, Chen T, et al. Age-dependent tree-ring growth responses of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) to climate: A case study in the Tianshan Mountain, China. Dendrochronologia, 2013, 31: 318-326
[38] Wang X, Zhang Y, Mcrae DJ. Spatial and age-depen-dent tree-ring growth responses of Larix gmelinii to climate in northeastern China. Trees, 2009, 23: 875-885
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