山西太原盆地地裂缝群发机制与深部构造关系
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摘要
地裂缝是太原盆地主要的地质灾害之一,自20世纪80年代以来,到2012年8月共发现地裂缝107条带,地裂缝所过之处建筑设施遭到严重破坏。本文以太原盆地裂缝为研究对象,发现地裂缝主要沿太谷-祁县-平遥和清徐-交城-文水呈带状群发,地裂缝发育区位于盆地地下水降落漏斗的边缘和第四系地层沉积厚度变化较大的区域。太原盆地深部莫霍面隆起,导致基底断块掀斜,地震勘探显示两大地裂缝群发带沿交城凹陷边缘断裂分布。我们认为太原盆地地裂缝呈带状群发的特征可能与莫霍面隆起导致的基底断折掀斜相关,或许还受盆地持续的区域拉张应力作用影响,但现今的超常活动应当是人类超采地下水诱发的。
Ground fissure is one kind of main geohazards in Taiyuan Basin.107 ground fissures have been found in Taiyuan Basin between the 1980 s and August,2012.Buildings along the ground fissures have been seriously damaged.As the research object,the banded ground fissures in Taiyuan Basin were found mainly distributed along Taigu-Qixian-Pingyao and Qingxu-Jiaocheng-Wenshui zones in the study area.These zones was located at the edge of depression cone of groundwater and the area where the sediment thickness of Quaternary strata thickness varied greatly.The uplift of the deep Moho caused the tilting of the basement fault block.The two groups of ground fissures distributed along the marginal fault of the Jiaocheng Sag showed by the seismic reflection surveys data.It was determined that the distribution characteristics of the ground fissures in Taiyuan Basin was related to the the tilting of the basement fault block caused by the uplift of the deep Moho.Moreover,it was also affected by the continuous regional tensile stress of the Taiyuan Basin.The current extraordinary activities of the ground fissures were to be caused by human 's over-exploitation of groundwater in this area.
Ground fissure is one kind of main geohazards in Taiyuan Basin.107 ground fissures have been found in Taiyuan Basin between the 1980 s and August,2012.Buildings along the ground fissures have been seriously damaged.As the research object,the banded ground fissures in Taiyuan Basin were found mainly distributed along Taigu-Qixian-Pingyao and Qingxu-Jiaocheng-Wenshui zones in the study area.These zones was located at the edge of depression cone of groundwater and the area where the sediment thickness of Quaternary strata thickness varied greatly.The uplift of the deep Moho caused the tilting of the basement fault block.The two groups of ground fissures distributed along the marginal fault of the Jiaocheng Sag showed by the seismic reflection surveys data.It was determined that the distribution characteristics of the ground fissures in Taiyuan Basin was related to the the tilting of the basement fault block caused by the uplift of the deep Moho.Moreover,it was also affected by the continuous regional tensile stress of the Taiyuan Basin.The current extraordinary activities of the ground fissures were to be caused by human 's over-exploitation of groundwater in this area.
引文
[1]陈元明.山西断陷盆地地裂缝特征分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2016,27(3):72-80,89.CHEN Yuanming. Study on the characteristics ofground fissures in Shanxi fault basin[J]. The ChineseJournal of Geological Hazard and Control,2016,27(3):72-80,89.
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[6]谢新生,江娃利,孙昌斌,等.山西交城断裂带多个大探槽全新世古地震活动对比研究[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):412-430.XIE Xinsheng,JIANG Wali,SUN Changbin,et al.Comparison study on holocene paleoseismic activitiesamong multi-trenches along the Jiaocheng fault zone,Shanxi[J]. Seismology Geology,2008,30(2):412-430.
[7]谢新生,江娃利,王焕贞,等.山西太谷断裂带全新世活动及其与1303年洪洞8级地震的关系[J].地震学报,2004,26(3):281-293.XIE Xinsheng,JIANG Wali,WANG Huanzhen,etal. Holocene activities of the Taigu fault zone,ShanxiProvince,in relation to the 1303 Hongdong M=8earthquake[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(3):281-293.
[8]王乃樑,杨景春,夏正楷,等.山西地堑系新生代沉积与构造地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.WANG Nailiang,YANG Jingchun,XIA Zhengkai,etal. Cenozoic sediments and tectonic landforms in theShanxi graben system[M]. Beijing:SciencePress,1996.
[9]韩颖,阎世龙,马汉田,等.山西六大盆地地下水资源及其环境问题调查评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.HAN Ying, YAN Shilong, MA Hantian, et al.Investigation and assessment of groundwater resourcesand their environmental problems in six basins ofShanxi Province[M]. Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,2008.
[10]邢作云,赵斌,涂美义,等.汾渭裂谷系与造山带耦合关系及其形成机制研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(2):247-262.XING Zuoyun,ZHAO Bin,TU Meiyi,et al. Fenweirift and the coupling relationship between the orogenicbelt and its formation mechanism[J]. Earth ScienceFrontiers,2005,12(2):247-262.
[11]刘金兰.重磁位场新技术与山西断陷盆地构造识别划分研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.LIU Jinlan. Development new technologies for potentialfield processing and research on the tectonicrecognition&division of Shanxi fault basin[D]. Xi’an:Chang'an University,2008.
[12]瞿伟,张勤,王庆良,等.利用GPS观测资料分析山西地堑系现今地壳构造活动特征[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2012,37(2):195-198.QU Wei, ZHANG Qin, WANG Qingliang, et al.Present tectonic motion feature of Shanxi graben basedon the GPS monitoring data[J]. Geomatics andInformation Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(2):195-198.
[13]孟令超.山西断陷盆地地裂缝成因机理研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011.MENG Lingchao. Study on the formation mechanismof ground fissures in Shanxi fault basin[D]. Xi’an:Chang’an University,2011.
[14]杨平.晋中市地下水超采现状及控制措施[J].水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(3):143-147.YANG Ping. Existing status and control measures forthe groundwater overdraft areas in Jinzhong City[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2009,20(3):143-147.
[15]顾春生.苏锡常地区采水型地裂缝发育演化规律试验研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.GU Chunsheng. Experimental study on thedevelopment and evolution of ground fissures causedby extraction of groundwater in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Region[D]. Xuzhou:China University ofMining and Technology,2017.
[2]王宏军,郑秀清,刘瑾,等.山西省祁县地裂缝的成因初探[J].太原理工大学学报,2005,36(1):82-84.WANG Hongjun,ZHENG Xiuqing,LIU Jin,et al.Genesis study on ground fissures of Shanxi Qixian[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2005,36(1):82-84.
[3]苏宗正,郝何龙,侯廷爱,等.太原盆地的地裂及其灾害[J].山西地震,2000(3):1-5.SU Zongzheng,HAO Helong,HOU Ting’ai,et al.Ground fissure and disaster in Taiyuan Basin[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2000(3):1-5.
[4]门玉明,彭建兵,李寻昌.山西清徐县地裂缝灾害现状及类型分析[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):453-457.MEN Yuming, PENG Jianbing, LI Xunchang.Present status and classification of ground fissurehazards in Qinxu County Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):453-457.
[5]孙晓涵,彭建兵,崔向美,等.山西太原盆地地裂缝与地下水开采、地面沉降关系分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2016,27(2):91-98.SUN Xiaohan,PENG Jianbing,CUI Xiangmei,et al.Relationship between ground fissures,groundwaterexplorationand land subsidence in Taiyuan Basin[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2016,27(2):91-98.
[6]谢新生,江娃利,孙昌斌,等.山西交城断裂带多个大探槽全新世古地震活动对比研究[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):412-430.XIE Xinsheng,JIANG Wali,SUN Changbin,et al.Comparison study on holocene paleoseismic activitiesamong multi-trenches along the Jiaocheng fault zone,Shanxi[J]. Seismology Geology,2008,30(2):412-430.
[7]谢新生,江娃利,王焕贞,等.山西太谷断裂带全新世活动及其与1303年洪洞8级地震的关系[J].地震学报,2004,26(3):281-293.XIE Xinsheng,JIANG Wali,WANG Huanzhen,etal. Holocene activities of the Taigu fault zone,ShanxiProvince,in relation to the 1303 Hongdong M=8earthquake[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(3):281-293.
[8]王乃樑,杨景春,夏正楷,等.山西地堑系新生代沉积与构造地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.WANG Nailiang,YANG Jingchun,XIA Zhengkai,etal. Cenozoic sediments and tectonic landforms in theShanxi graben system[M]. Beijing:SciencePress,1996.
[9]韩颖,阎世龙,马汉田,等.山西六大盆地地下水资源及其环境问题调查评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.HAN Ying, YAN Shilong, MA Hantian, et al.Investigation and assessment of groundwater resourcesand their environmental problems in six basins ofShanxi Province[M]. Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,2008.
[10]邢作云,赵斌,涂美义,等.汾渭裂谷系与造山带耦合关系及其形成机制研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(2):247-262.XING Zuoyun,ZHAO Bin,TU Meiyi,et al. Fenweirift and the coupling relationship between the orogenicbelt and its formation mechanism[J]. Earth ScienceFrontiers,2005,12(2):247-262.
[11]刘金兰.重磁位场新技术与山西断陷盆地构造识别划分研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.LIU Jinlan. Development new technologies for potentialfield processing and research on the tectonicrecognition&division of Shanxi fault basin[D]. Xi’an:Chang'an University,2008.
[12]瞿伟,张勤,王庆良,等.利用GPS观测资料分析山西地堑系现今地壳构造活动特征[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2012,37(2):195-198.QU Wei, ZHANG Qin, WANG Qingliang, et al.Present tectonic motion feature of Shanxi graben basedon the GPS monitoring data[J]. Geomatics andInformation Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(2):195-198.
[13]孟令超.山西断陷盆地地裂缝成因机理研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011.MENG Lingchao. Study on the formation mechanismof ground fissures in Shanxi fault basin[D]. Xi’an:Chang’an University,2011.
[14]杨平.晋中市地下水超采现状及控制措施[J].水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(3):143-147.YANG Ping. Existing status and control measures forthe groundwater overdraft areas in Jinzhong City[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2009,20(3):143-147.
[15]顾春生.苏锡常地区采水型地裂缝发育演化规律试验研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.GU Chunsheng. Experimental study on thedevelopment and evolution of ground fissures causedby extraction of groundwater in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Region[D]. Xuzhou:China University ofMining and Technology,2017.
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