射弹跨声速入水初期阶段多相流场特性数值研究
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摘要
为研究射弹跨声速入水初期阶段的多相流场特性,在考虑气、汽、液三相流体可压缩性的情况下对入水过程进行数值模拟。其中水的状态方程采用温度修正的Tait方程,空气与水蒸汽则认为是理想气体。将计算得到的阻力系数及空泡形态与试验及理论公式进行对比,验证数值方法的正确性。基于该方法对入水初期流场发展、流体可压缩性的影响以及入水高度的影响进行分析。结果表明:射弹以跨声速运动时会在头部产生弓形激波,随着入水的深入激波斜角逐渐减小;当射弹运动至原本未扰动的自由液面高度时,并未接触到水面而是使自由液面产生了凹陷;当入水高度较小时,入水撞击阶段发生较晚且入水拍击压力较大,当入水高度大于10 mm时入水高度对流场结构的影响很小。
In order to study the multiphase flow characteristics during the initial water-entry process, the water-entry of a projectile at transonic speed was simulated. A temperature-adjusted Tait equation was used to describe the compressibility effects in water, and the air and vapor were treated as ideal gases. The computational methodology was validated through comparing the simulation results with the experimental measurements and the theoretical results. Based on the computational methodology, the evolution of the flow and the influences of the compressibility effect and entry height were studied. The results show that there is bow shock near the nose, and the shock angle decreases when the projectile penetrates deeperly; the projectile does not touch the free surface because of the surface depression; the impact phase occurs later and the impact pressure is bigger when the entry height is small, but the entry height has little influence on the flow when it is bigger than 10 mm.
In order to study the multiphase flow characteristics during the initial water-entry process, the water-entry of a projectile at transonic speed was simulated. A temperature-adjusted Tait equation was used to describe the compressibility effects in water, and the air and vapor were treated as ideal gases. The computational methodology was validated through comparing the simulation results with the experimental measurements and the theoretical results. Based on the computational methodology, the evolution of the flow and the influences of the compressibility effect and entry height were studied. The results show that there is bow shock near the nose, and the shock angle decreases when the projectile penetrates deeperly; the projectile does not touch the free surface because of the surface depression; the impact phase occurs later and the impact pressure is bigger when the entry height is small, but the entry height has little influence on the flow when it is bigger than 10 mm.
引文
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[2]王易君,李明海,张中礼,等.基于VOF法的平底结构自由落体入水砰击载荷模拟[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(2):185-189.WANG Yijun,LI Minghai,ZHANG Zhongli,et al.Numerical simulation on the slamming load in the water-entry process of flatted-bottom body based on the method VOF[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(2):185-189.
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[13]黄闯,党建军,李代金,等.跨声速运动对射弹阻力及空化特性的影响[J].兵工学报,2016,37(8):1482-1488.HUANG Chuang,DANG Jianjun,LI Daijin,et al.Influence of the transonic motion on resistance and cavitation characteristics of projectiles[J].Acta Armamentarii,2016,37(8):1482-1488.
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[19]ZWART P J,GERBER G,BELAMRI T.A two-phase flow model for predicting cavitation dynamics[C]∥In Fifth International Conference on Multiphase Flow.Yokohama:ICMF,2004.
[20]SAUREL R,COCCHI P,BUTLER P B.Numerical study of cavitation in the wake of a hypervelocity underwater projectile[J].Journal of Propulsion&Power,1999,15(4):513-522.
[21]易文俊,熊天红,王中原,等.小空化数下超空泡航行体的阻力特性试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2009,24(1):1-6.YI Wenjun,XIONG Tianhong,WANG Zhongyuan,et al.Experimental researches on drag characteristics of supercavitation bodies at small cavitation number[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Series A,2009,24(1):1-6.
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[23]LOGVINOVICH G V.Hydrodynamics of flows with free boundaries[M].Jerusalem:IPST Press,1972.
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[25]SEREBRYAKOV V V,KIRSCHNER I N,SCHNERR G H.High speed motion in water with supercavitationfor sub-,trans-,supersonic Mach numbers[C]∥7th International Symposium on Cavitation.Michigan:ISC,2009.
[26]李素循.激波与边界层主导的复杂流动[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[2]王易君,李明海,张中礼,等.基于VOF法的平底结构自由落体入水砰击载荷模拟[J].振动与冲击,2017,36(2):185-189.WANG Yijun,LI Minghai,ZHANG Zhongli,et al.Numerical simulation on the slamming load in the water-entry process of flatted-bottom body based on the method VOF[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2017,36(2):185-189.
[3]褚林塘,孙丰,廉滋鼎,等.水陆两栖飞机船体着水载荷数值与试验分析[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(15):211-215.CHU Lintang,SUN Feng,LIAN Ziding,et al.Numerical simulation and tests for water load of amphibious aircraft hulls[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(15):211-215.
[4]闫发锁,孙丽萍,张大刚,等.圆球倾斜入水冲击压力特征的试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(8):214-218.YAN Fasuo,SUN Liping,ZHANG Dagang,et al.Impacting pressure characteristics during oblique water entry of a sphere[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(8):214-218.
[5]杨衡,孙龙泉,龚小超,等.弹性结构入水砰击载荷特性三维数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(19):28-34.YANG Heng,SUN Longquan,GONG Xiaochao,et al.3Dnumerical simulation of slamming load character for water entry of an elastic structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(19):28-34.
[6]KARMAN V.The impact on seaplane floats during landing[R].Washington D.C.:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics,1929.
[7]VERHAGEN J H G.The impact of a flat plate on a water surface[J].Journal of Ship Reasearch,1967,11(4):211-223.
[8]KOROBKIN A.Blunt-body impact on a compressible liquid surface[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1992,244:437-453.
[9]KOROBKIN A.Blunt-body impact on the free surface of a compressible liqud[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1994,263:319-342.
[10]NEAVES M D,EDWARDS J R.Time-accurate calculations of axisymmetric water entry for a supercavitating projectile[C]∥34 th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit.Portland:AIAA,2004.
[11]NEAVES M D,EDWARDS J R.All-speed time-accurate underwater projectile calculations using a preconditioning algorithm[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2006,28(2):284-296.
[12]黄闯,罗凯,白杰,等.液体可压缩性对超空化流动的影响[J].上海交通大学学报,2016,50(8):1241-1245.HUANG Chuang,LUO Kai,BAI Jie,et al.Influence of liquid’s compressibility on supercavitating flow[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2016,50(8):1241-1245.
[13]黄闯,党建军,李代金,等.跨声速运动对射弹阻力及空化特性的影响[J].兵工学报,2016,37(8):1482-1488.HUANG Chuang,DANG Jianjun,LI Daijin,et al.Influence of the transonic motion on resistance and cavitation characteristics of projectiles[J].Acta Armamentarii,2016,37(8):1482-1488.
[14]SHI H H,ITOH M,TAKAMI T,et al.Optical observation of the supercavition induced by high-speed water entry[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2000,122:806-810.
[15]SHI H H,ITOH M.High-speed photography of supercavitation and multiphase flows in water entry[C]∥7th International Symposium on Cavitation.Michigan:ISCM,2009.
[16]SHI H H,TAKAMI T.Hydrodynamic behavior of an underwater moving body after water entry[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica(English Series),2001,17(1):35-44.
[17]TRUSCOTT T T.Cavity dynamics of water entry for spheres and ballistic projectiles[D].Cambridge:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2009.
[18]WORTHINGTON A M,COLE R S.Impact with a liquid surface studied by the aid of instantaneous photography[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,1900,194:175-200.
[19]ZWART P J,GERBER G,BELAMRI T.A two-phase flow model for predicting cavitation dynamics[C]∥In Fifth International Conference on Multiphase Flow.Yokohama:ICMF,2004.
[20]SAUREL R,COCCHI P,BUTLER P B.Numerical study of cavitation in the wake of a hypervelocity underwater projectile[J].Journal of Propulsion&Power,1999,15(4):513-522.
[21]易文俊,熊天红,王中原,等.小空化数下超空泡航行体的阻力特性试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,2009,24(1):1-6.YI Wenjun,XIONG Tianhong,WANG Zhongyuan,et al.Experimental researches on drag characteristics of supercavitation bodies at small cavitation number[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Series A,2009,24(1):1-6.
[22]HARKINS T K,STEVES H K,GOELLER J E.Supercavitating water-entry projectile:US H1938 H1[P].2008-11-21.
[23]LOGVINOVICH G V.Hydrodynamics of flows with free boundaries[M].Jerusalem:IPST Press,1972.
[24]SAVCHENKO Y N,VLASENKO Y D,SEMENENKO V N.Experimental studies of high-speed cavitated flows[J].International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research,1999,26(3):365-374.
[25]SEREBRYAKOV V V,KIRSCHNER I N,SCHNERR G H.High speed motion in water with supercavitationfor sub-,trans-,supersonic Mach numbers[C]∥7th International Symposium on Cavitation.Michigan:ISC,2009.
[26]李素循.激波与边界层主导的复杂流动[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
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