运动密度对青少年运动能耗与体质健康的影响
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摘要
探讨60%THR运动强度下不同运动密度对青少年运动能耗与体质健康的影响。方法:将146名健康小学生随机分成低、中、高运动密度组和对照组,分别采用Polar Team OH1和Actigraph wGT3X-BT监测运动强度和运动能耗。结果:运动能耗建模后,时段以及时段与组别交互作用无统计学意义,运动能耗与组别交互作用有统计学意义;体质健康建模后,BMI变化、往返跑、50 m跑和坐位体前屈进步幅度组别主效应以及肺活量、跳绳进步幅度"组别×性别"的交互效应均有统计学意义,仰卧起坐组别主效应和"组别×性别"交互效应均无统计学意义。结论:60%THR运动强度、36%～74%运动密度的运动负荷是维持身体基本运动能力的最小阈值,55%～74%的运动密度是引起BMI下降的最小阈值并适宜发展女生跳绳能力,75%以上运动密度是健康促进效应和提高运动能力的价值阈。
This study aims to investigate the effects of different exercise time(ET) on energy consumption and physical fitness of adolescents at 60% THR exercise intensity.Method:146 healthy pupils were divided into low(LET),middle(MET),and high(HET) ET groups,along with a control group(CET).The exercise intensity and energy consumption of these groups were respectively assessed using Polar Team OH1 and ActiGraph wGT3 X-BT triaxial accelerometers.Results:After modeling energy consumption patterns with these four ET groups,this study concludes that there were no statistically significant main effect of periods or interaction effect of "periods×group".The interaction effect of "energy consumption×group",however,did prove to be statistically significant.The main effect,in BMI changes,as well as improvement in the shuttle run,the 50 meter dash,and the sit and reach test,was statistically significant.Lastly,the interaction effect of "gender×group" on the improvement of lung capacity and rope skipping ability was statistically significant.There were no statistically significant differences in "group×gender" or groups or gender in sit-up test performance.Conclusions:The combination of 60% THR exercise intensity and 36% 74% ET is the minimum threshold for maintaining basic bodily fitness for adolescents;and 55% 74% ET is the minimum threshold for BMI decline and skipping rope improvement(however,this does not apply to males) among females;75% ET is the minimum necessary to promote bodily fitness and the overall improvement of exercise capacity.
This study aims to investigate the effects of different exercise time(ET) on energy consumption and physical fitness of adolescents at 60% THR exercise intensity.Method:146 healthy pupils were divided into low(LET),middle(MET),and high(HET) ET groups,along with a control group(CET).The exercise intensity and energy consumption of these groups were respectively assessed using Polar Team OH1 and ActiGraph wGT3 X-BT triaxial accelerometers.Results:After modeling energy consumption patterns with these four ET groups,this study concludes that there were no statistically significant main effect of periods or interaction effect of "periods×group".The interaction effect of "energy consumption×group",however,did prove to be statistically significant.The main effect,in BMI changes,as well as improvement in the shuttle run,the 50 meter dash,and the sit and reach test,was statistically significant.Lastly,the interaction effect of "gender×group" on the improvement of lung capacity and rope skipping ability was statistically significant.There were no statistically significant differences in "group×gender" or groups or gender in sit-up test performance.Conclusions:The combination of 60% THR exercise intensity and 36% 74% ET is the minimum threshold for maintaining basic bodily fitness for adolescents;and 55% 74% ET is the minimum threshold for BMI decline and skipping rope improvement(however,this does not apply to males) among females;75% ET is the minimum necessary to promote bodily fitness and the overall improvement of exercise capacity.
引文
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[2] TEODOR C I.Methods and means of growth of the motor density in the lesson for high school,physical education (9th grade)[J].Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati:Fascicle XV:Physical Education & Sport Management,2010(2):8-10
[3] KERR C,SMITH L,CHARMAN S,et al.Physical education contributes to total physical activity levels and predominantly in higher intensity physical activity categories[J].European Physical Education Review,2018,24(2):152-164
[4] 孔沛泓,尤伟.体育课中的适量运动量和运动密度[J].上海体育学院学报,1981(3):29-31
[5] 体育教育专业考试参考书编写组.体育教育专业考试参考书[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1996:71
[6] 颜军.体育锻炼习惯形成的心理学思考[J].上海体育学院学报,1995(2):64-67
[7] DESSING D,PIERIK F H,STERKENBURG R P,et al.Schoolyard physical activity of 6-11 year old children assessed by GPS and accelerometry[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2013,10(1):97
[8] FORTIER M,GUERIN E,SEGAR M L.Words matter:Reframing exercise is medicine for the general population to optimize motivation and create sustainable behaviour change[J].Applied Physiology,Nutrition & Metabolism,2016,41(11):1212-1215
[9] CECCHETTO F H,PENA D B,PELLANDA L C.Playful interventions increase knowledge about healthy habits and cardiovascular risk factors in children:The cardiokids randomized study[J].Arq Bras Cardiol,2017,109(3):199-206
[10] USCATEGUI P R,ALVAREZ U M,LAGUADO S I,et al.Cardiovascular risk factors in children and teenagers aged 6-18 years old from Medellin (Colombia)[J].Anales de Pediatria,2003,58(5):411-417
[11] GAMA S R,CARVALHO M S,CARDOSO L O,et al.Cohort study for monitoring cardiovascular risk factors in children using a primary health care service:Methods and initial results[J].Cadernos de Saude Publica,2011,27(3):510-520
[12] MYER G D,FAIGENBAUM A D,STRACCIOLINI A,et al.Exercise deficit disorder in youth:A paradigm shift toward disease prevention and comprehensive care[J].Current Sports Medicine Reports,2013,12(4):248-255
[13] 张家毅,陈明达,刘书孟.增大课的运动密度是当前提高中学体育教学效果的重要问题[C]//全国体育科学报告会论文选集.[s.l.]:[s.n.],1964:22-34
[14] 阮光明.提高体育课的基本部分运动密度的一个有效手段[J].上海体育学院学报,1980(3):15-17
[15] 胡增荦,张林森.关于体育课预计运动量与运动密度的要求和指标的探讨[J].上海体育学院学报,1981(2):64-73
[16] 张革,于航,衣洪波.美国SPARK课程的SOFIT评价与中国体育课堂练习密度评价的比较分析[J].长春师范大学学报,2011,30(6):114-116
[17] ILYASOVA A,ERZHANOV,Z.Optimization of physical fitness development for primary school learners in physical education lessons [J].Education Physical Training Sport,2014:93(2),21-28
[18] ILYASOVA A,KOVALENKO V,ERZHANOV Z.Optimization methods in physical education lessons for girls in the second and the third grades[J].Baltic Journal Of Sport & Health Sciences,2015:96(1):16-22
[19] 赵立.关于运动密度与运动负荷的断想[J].中国学校体育,2015(6):10
[20] 季浏.中国健康体育课程模式的思考与构建[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(9):72-80
[21] FAIGENBAUM A D,BUSH J A,MCLOONE R,et al.Benefits of strength and skill-based training during primary school physical education[J].Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,2015,29(5):1255-1262
[22] 卢启明.提高小学五、六年级体育课运动密度探讨[J].浙江体育科学,1987(2):51-54
[23] 谌晓安,王人卫,白晋湘.体力活动、体适能与健康促进研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2012,31(4):363-372
[24] 王斌,李改,马红宇,等.高中体育课教学中领导力训练的实验研究[J].上海体育学院学报,2012,36(4):89-94
[25] 李海燕,陈佩杰,庄洁.上海市青少年体力活动现状与体质健康相关性研究[J].上海预防医学,2011,23(4):145-149
[26] American college of Sports Medicine.ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription[M].9th ed.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams Wilkins,2013:168,62-109
[27] 张斌南,郭义军,刘晓军.有氧运动干预方案改善女大学生体质的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2009(4):72-74
[28] 王军利,张冰,贾丽雅,等.Actigraph(GT3X)加速度计测量我国19～29岁人群身体活动能耗的效度研究[J].体育科学,2012,32(12):71-77
[29] 张文彤.世界优秀统计工具SPSS11.0统计分析教程:高级篇[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002:41
[30] 张文彤,董伟.高等学校教材:SPSS统计分析高级教程[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2018:59-60
[31] 张国海,王人卫.肌内效贴对延迟性肌肉酸痛和肌肉功能恢复的影响[J].体育科学,2017,37(12):46-51
[32] 朱琳,陈佩杰.三轴运动加速度计(GT3X)测量青春期少年(11～14岁)身体活动能耗预测方程的建立和检验[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(3):73-77
[33] AINSWORTH B E.2011 Compendium of physical activities:A second update of codes and MET values[J].Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,2011,43(8):1575-1581
[34] 戴剑松,李靖,顾忠科,等.步行和日常体力活动能量消耗的推算[J].体育科学,2006,26(11):91-95
[35] NDAHIMANA D,KIM E K.Measurement methods for physical activity and energy expenditure:A review[J].Clinical Nutrition Research,2017,6(2):68-80
[36] 章建成,李安民,施之皓,等.不同生态效度的呈现方式对专业乒乓球运动员知觉预测的影响[J].西安体育学院学报,2013,30(3):257-262
[37] TROST S G.Comparison of accelerometer cut points for predicting activity intensity in youth[J].Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,2011,43(7):1360-1368
[38] EKSTEDT M.Sleep,physical activity and BMI in six to ten-year-old children measured by accelerometry:a cross-sectional study[J].International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,2013,10(1):82-85
[39] BUTTE N F,WATSON K B,RIDLEY K,et al.A youth compendium of physical activities:Activity codes and metabolic intensities[J].Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,2018,50(2):246-256
[40] 朱琳,陈佩杰.运用受试者工作特征曲线对不同运动强度的心率变化率最佳临界点的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2014,33(1):17-21
[41] STEELE R M.Targeting sedentary time or moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity:Independent relations with adiposity in a population-based sample of 10-y-old British children[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2009,90(5):1185-1192
[42] 武海潭,季浏.体育课不同累积中-大强度体力活动时间对初中生健康体适能及情绪状态影响的实验研究[J].体育科学,2015(1):13-23
[43] TROIANO R P,BERRIGAN D,DODD K W,et al.Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer[J].Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,2008,40(1):181-188
[44] 关尚一.美国儿童青少年适宜体力活动推荐量的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010:8
[45] PILLAY J D,KOLBE-ALEXANDER T L.Steps that count:The association between the number and intensity of steps accumulated and fitness and health measures[J].Journal of Physical Activity & Health,2014,11(1):10-17
[46] TUDOR-LOCKE C.Pedometer-determined step count guidelines for classifying walking intensity in a young ostensibly healthy population[J].Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology,2005,30(6):666-676
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