抚育间伐对水曲柳天然林群落结构及植物多样性的影响
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摘要
以黑龙江省五常市冲河林场水曲柳(Fraxinus mandschurica)中龄天然林为研究对象,研究弱度间伐(株数强度13%) 5 a后林分生长、群落结构、植物多样性、更新状况。结果表明:(1)弱度间伐5 a后,林分平均胸径显著增加(P<0.05),树高等其它生长指标及水曲柳林木生长未发生显著变化。(2)未间伐林分乔木群落径级结构呈近倒"J"型分布,中、小径级(0<胸径(d)≤24 cm)个体数约占总数的83%;间伐林分径级结构呈近正态分布,小径级个体数明显减少,中径级个体数增加为总数的60%;水曲柳种群间伐与对照样地的径级结构和高度级结构均呈近正态分布,均缺乏第I径级和第I高度级个体,种群更新能力较弱。(3)间伐林分乔木层优势种与对照相比无明显变化,但水曲柳重要值有较大幅度增加;灌木和草本层植物种数分别增加3种和9种;草本层Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数以及灌木层的Simpson指数均显著增加(P<0.05),灌木层和草本层Margalef丰富度指数均呈增加趋势,草本层增加幅度大于灌木层。弱度抚育间伐显著促进了水曲柳天然林林木的径向生长,中径级林木比例明显增加,提高了植物多样性,但对水曲柳种群更新影响有限,小径级幼树数量有明显的减少趋势,天然更新不良,建议结合森林经营需求提高间伐强度。
The middle-aged natural Fraxinus mandschurica forests were surveyed after five years of low intensity thinning( 13%trees removed) to study stand growth,community structure,plant diversity and regeneration status in Chonghe Forest Farm,Wuchang City,Heilongjiang Province,China. The results showed that:( 1) The mean DBH of the thinned stands increased compared with the reference stands( P<0.05),while there was no significant change in tree height growth and other growth index of the stands and all growth index with F. mandschurica.( 2) The diameter class structure of canopy trees in the reference stands had an shape of approximate invert"J",and the number of individuals in the middle and low diameter classes( 0
The middle-aged natural Fraxinus mandschurica forests were surveyed after five years of low intensity thinning( 13%trees removed) to study stand growth,community structure,plant diversity and regeneration status in Chonghe Forest Farm,Wuchang City,Heilongjiang Province,China. The results showed that:( 1) The mean DBH of the thinned stands increased compared with the reference stands( P<0.05),while there was no significant change in tree height growth and other growth index of the stands and all growth index with F. mandschurica.( 2) The diameter class structure of canopy trees in the reference stands had an shape of approximate invert"J",and the number of individuals in the middle and low diameter classes( 0
引文
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[17]张鹏,宋博洋,吴灵东,等.解除休眠的水曲柳种子对不同脱水条件的萌发和生理响应[J].林业科学,2017,53(3):60-67.
[18]王庆成,张彦东,王政权.微立地土壤水分-物理性质差异及对水曲柳幼林生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(3):335-338.
[19]那萌,刘婷岩,张彦东,等.林分密度对水曲柳人工林碳储量的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(1):20-26.
[20]许彦明,张彦东,孙海龙,等.水曲柳天然林种群的点格局分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):40-45.
[21]韩有志,王政权,谷加存.林分光照空间异质性对水曲柳更新的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(4):468-475.
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[23]陈大珂,周晓峰,祝宁,等.天然次生林:结构·功能·动态与经营[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1994:6-19.
[24]方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.
[25]姚小兰,郝建锋,齐锦秋,等.人为干扰对川西碧峰峡木荷次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(11):18-26.
[26] MAKINEN H,ISOMAKI A. Thinning intensity and long-term changes in increment and stem form of Scots pine trees[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2004,203(1/2/3):21-34.
[27]张水松,陈长发,吴克选,等.杉木林间伐强度试验20年生长效应的研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):56-65.
[28]郝建锋,王德艺,李艳,等.人为干扰对川西金凤山楠木次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6930-6942.
[29] ROMELL E,HALLSBY G,KARLSSON A,et al. Artificial canopy gaps in a Macaranga spp. dominated secondary tropical rain forest-effects on survival and above ground increment of four under-planted dipterocarp species[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(5/6):1452-1460.
[30] WAGNER S,FISCHER H,HUTH F. Canopy effects on vegetation caused by harvesting and regeneration treatments[J]. European Journal of Forest Research,2011,130(1):17-40.
[31] BROCKERHOFF E G,JACTEL H,PARROTTA J A,et al.Plantation forests and biodiversity:oxymoron or opportunity?[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation,2008,17(5):925-951.
[32]李淑辉,梁芳,郭晋平.关帝山林区华北落叶松人工林抚育间伐对林下植被的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,32(3):256-260.
[33] COLE E,NEWTON M,BAILEY J D. Understory vegetation dynamics 15 years post-thinning in 50-year-old Douglas-fir and Douglas-fir/western hemlock stands in western Oregon,USA[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2017,384:358-370.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.003.
[34]李荣,张文辉,何景峰,等.不同间伐强度对辽东栎林群落稳定性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):14-20.
[2] WANG X P,FANG J Y,TANG Z Y,et al. Climatic control of primary forest structure and DBH-height allometry in Northeast China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2006,234(1/2/3):264-274.
[3] CHEN X W. Change of tree diversity on Northeast China Transect(NECT)[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation,2001,10(7):1087-1096.
[4] DENG X Z,JIANG Q O,ZHAN J Y,et al. Simulation on the dynamics of forest area changes in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2010,20(4):495-509.
[5]袁士云,张宋智,刘文桢,等.小陇山辽东栎次生林的结构特征和物种多样性[J].林业科学,2010,46(5):27-34.
[6]翟明普,沈国舫.森林培育学[M].3版.北京:中国林业出版社,2016.
[7]马履一,李春义,王希群,等.不同强度间伐对北京山区油松生长及其林下植物多样性的影响[J].林业科学,2007,43(5):1-9.
[8] TRENTINI C P,CAMPANELLO P I,VILLAGRA M,et al.Thinning of loblolly pine plantations in subtropical Argentina:Impact on microclimate and understory vegetation[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2017,384:236-247. doi. org/10. 1016/j. foreco.2016.10.040.
[9]张象君,王庆成,郝龙飞,等.长白落叶松人工林林隙间伐对林下更新及植物多样性的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(8):7-13.
[10]张小鹏.抚育间伐对华山松人工林生长及其天然更新的影响研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[11]尤文忠,赵刚,张慧东,等.抚育间伐对蒙古栎次生林生长的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):56-64.
[12] DWYER J M,MASON R. Plant community responses to thinning in densely regenerating Acacia harpophylla forest[J]. Restoration Ecology,2018,26(1):97-105.
[13]李建,彭鹏,何怀江,等.采伐对吉林蛟河针阔混交林空间结构的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(9):48-57.
[14]王立东,丁磊,胡万良,等.不同间伐强度对阔叶混交林生长及径级结构的影响[J].防护林科技,2017(4):16-18.
[15] DODSON E K,ARES A,PUETTMANN K J. Early responses to thinning treatments designed to accelerate late successional forest structure in young coniferous stands of western Oregon,USA[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2012,42(2):345-355.
[16]朱凯月,王庆成,吴文娟.林隙大小对蒙古栎和水曲柳人工更新幼树生长和形态的影响[J].林业科学,2017,53(4):150-157.
[17]张鹏,宋博洋,吴灵东,等.解除休眠的水曲柳种子对不同脱水条件的萌发和生理响应[J].林业科学,2017,53(3):60-67.
[18]王庆成,张彦东,王政权.微立地土壤水分-物理性质差异及对水曲柳幼林生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(3):335-338.
[19]那萌,刘婷岩,张彦东,等.林分密度对水曲柳人工林碳储量的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(1):20-26.
[20]许彦明,张彦东,孙海龙,等.水曲柳天然林种群的点格局分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(8):40-45.
[21]韩有志,王政权,谷加存.林分光照空间异质性对水曲柳更新的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(4):468-475.
[22]段永宏.长白山天然水曲柳林木根系呼吸动态研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[23]陈大珂,周晓峰,祝宁,等.天然次生林:结构·功能·动态与经营[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1994:6-19.
[24]方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.
[25]姚小兰,郝建锋,齐锦秋,等.人为干扰对川西碧峰峡木荷次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(11):18-26.
[26] MAKINEN H,ISOMAKI A. Thinning intensity and long-term changes in increment and stem form of Scots pine trees[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2004,203(1/2/3):21-34.
[27]张水松,陈长发,吴克选,等.杉木林间伐强度试验20年生长效应的研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):56-65.
[28]郝建锋,王德艺,李艳,等.人为干扰对川西金凤山楠木次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6930-6942.
[29] ROMELL E,HALLSBY G,KARLSSON A,et al. Artificial canopy gaps in a Macaranga spp. dominated secondary tropical rain forest-effects on survival and above ground increment of four under-planted dipterocarp species[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(5/6):1452-1460.
[30] WAGNER S,FISCHER H,HUTH F. Canopy effects on vegetation caused by harvesting and regeneration treatments[J]. European Journal of Forest Research,2011,130(1):17-40.
[31] BROCKERHOFF E G,JACTEL H,PARROTTA J A,et al.Plantation forests and biodiversity:oxymoron or opportunity?[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation,2008,17(5):925-951.
[32]李淑辉,梁芳,郭晋平.关帝山林区华北落叶松人工林抚育间伐对林下植被的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2012,32(3):256-260.
[33] COLE E,NEWTON M,BAILEY J D. Understory vegetation dynamics 15 years post-thinning in 50-year-old Douglas-fir and Douglas-fir/western hemlock stands in western Oregon,USA[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2017,384:358-370.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.003.
[34]李荣,张文辉,何景峰,等.不同间伐强度对辽东栎林群落稳定性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(1):14-20.
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