枫香等22种常见园林植物滞尘与抑菌能力评价
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摘要
为探究华南地区常见园林植物滞尘与抑菌能力,以枫香(Liquidambar formosana)、黄兰(Michelia champaca)等22种常见植物为研究材料,采用扬尘箱模拟法和K-B纸片琼脂扩散法对其滞尘量和抑菌圈进行测定,并进行综合评价。结果表明:22种植物的单位叶面积滞尘量为0.37～3.47 mg·cm-2,红花羊蹄甲(Bauhinia blakeana)最高,其次为枫香和黄兰,龙吐珠(Clerodendrum thomsonae)最低;单叶滞尘量为2.87～117.37 mg·片-1,蒲桃(Syzygium jambos)最高,海桐(Pittosporum tobira)最低。抑菌圈直径在不同植物间差异极显著,在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococus aureus)琼脂板上抑菌圈的变异系数分别为19.87%、18.60%;其中香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)对大肠杆菌的抑制效果最好,白千层(Melaleuca leucadendron)对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果最好。采用主成分分析法将滞尘抑菌相关的10个指标综合为5个主成分,其代表性达到80.27%。据前2个主成分可将22种植物分为3类;并利用5个主成分及其权重的综合得分筛选出滞尘抑菌综合能力较强的5种植物,滞尘抑菌综合能力由强到弱的顺序为红花羊蹄甲、枫香、艳山姜(Alpinia zerumbet)、黄兰、假鹰爪(Desmos chinensis)。
For the dust removal and antimicrobial effect of common plants in south China,22 landscape plants were used to measure and evaluate their dust retention and antimicrobial capability by the methods of dust box simulation and K-B disc agar diffusion. The amount of dust retention per unit of leaf area ranged in 0.37-3.47 mg·cm-2 for 22 plants,of which Bauhinia blakeana was the highest,followed by Liquidambar formosana and Michelia champaca,while Clerodendrum thomsonae was the lowest. The amount of dust retention per leafranged in 2.87-117.37 mg,among which Syzygium jambos was the highest,and Pittosporum tobira was the lowest. The diameters of inhibition zones for plants in Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureusagar discs were significantly different,and the coefficient of variation( CV) was 19. 87% and18.60%,respectively. The antimicrobial effect of Cinnamomum camphora against E. coli was the strongest,and Melaleuca leucadendron against S. aureus was the strongest. By the principle component analysis( PCA),10 charactersreferred to dust retention and antimicrobial capability could be consolidated for 5 principle components,contributing 80.27%. The 22 landscape plants were divided into 3 groups based on the first and second component. The landscape plants with high comprehensive capability of dust retention and inhibition were acquired based on the five principle components and their contributive percentage,which were B. blakeana,L. formosana,Alpinia zerumbet,M. champaca and Desmos chinensisin descending order.
For the dust removal and antimicrobial effect of common plants in south China,22 landscape plants were used to measure and evaluate their dust retention and antimicrobial capability by the methods of dust box simulation and K-B disc agar diffusion. The amount of dust retention per unit of leaf area ranged in 0.37-3.47 mg·cm-2 for 22 plants,of which Bauhinia blakeana was the highest,followed by Liquidambar formosana and Michelia champaca,while Clerodendrum thomsonae was the lowest. The amount of dust retention per leafranged in 2.87-117.37 mg,among which Syzygium jambos was the highest,and Pittosporum tobira was the lowest. The diameters of inhibition zones for plants in Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureusagar discs were significantly different,and the coefficient of variation( CV) was 19. 87% and18.60%,respectively. The antimicrobial effect of Cinnamomum camphora against E. coli was the strongest,and Melaleuca leucadendron against S. aureus was the strongest. By the principle component analysis( PCA),10 charactersreferred to dust retention and antimicrobial capability could be consolidated for 5 principle components,contributing 80.27%. The 22 landscape plants were divided into 3 groups based on the first and second component. The landscape plants with high comprehensive capability of dust retention and inhibition were acquired based on the five principle components and their contributive percentage,which were B. blakeana,L. formosana,Alpinia zerumbet,M. champaca and Desmos chinensisin descending order.
引文
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[22]迈迪娜·吐尔逊,玉米提·哈力克,祖皮艳木·买买提,等.阿克苏市城郊林10种果树叶面形态与滞尘量的关系[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(4):279-283.
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[24]杨静慧,翟形彤,王茂思,等.天津市10种常绿植物冬季滞尘量分析[J].天津农学院学报,2016,23(3):31-34.
[25]张鹏骞,朱明淏,刘艳菊,等.北京路边9种植物叶片表面微结构及其滞尘潜力研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2126-2133.
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[31]王进,曹先爽,宋丽,等.吹扫捕集-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析不同产地香樟叶精油成分及抑菌活性比较[J].食品科学,2017,38(12):131-136.
[32]刘宏丁,刘亚敏,刘玉民,等.枫香叶正丁醇提取物抑菌效果及其抗氧化活性研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(12):87-90.
[33] ABDI H,WILLIAMS L J. Principal component analysis[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Statistics,2010,2(4):433-459.
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[2]刘丹,解强,张鑫,等.北京冬季雾霾频发期VOCs源解析及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3693-3701.
[3]李恩宝,刘美华,吕连宏,等.临安市8种绿化植物滞尘能力及光合响应差异[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(2):236-240.
[4]黄靖懿,黄泽,刘慧婧,等.哈尔滨市12种常见树木的滞尘能力比较[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(8):117-121.
[5]蒋冬月,李永红,夏兵,等.黄兰叶片和花瓣挥发性成分及其抑菌效果[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(5):71-74.
[6]孙雨珂,郑雨曦,邓思颖,等.成都市16种园林植物抑菌作用的比较[J].中国城市林业,2015,13(5):10-13.
[7]托金.植物杀菌素[M].北京:科学出版社,1958:10-55.
[8] BRANDT C J,RHOADES R W. Effects of limestone dust accumulation on composition of a forest community[J]. Environmental Pollution,1972,3(3):217-225.
[9] BECKETT K P,FREERSMITH P H,TAYLOR G. Urban woodlands:their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution[J].Environmental Pollution,1998,99(3):347-360.
[10] SCHAUBROECK T,DECKMYN G,NEIRYNCK J,et al. Multilayered modeling of particulate matter removal by a growing forest over time,from plant surface deposition to washoff via rainfall[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(18):10785-10794.
[11] LV F,LIANG H,YUAN Q,et al. In vitro antimicrobial effects and mechanism of action of selected plant essential oil combinations against four food-related microorganisms[J]. Food Research International,2011,44(9):3057-3064.
[12]刘海荣,高一丹,王葳.五种城市道路绿化常绿灌木滞尘效应研究[J].北方园艺,2016(12):49-54.
[13] SONG Y,MAHER B A,LI F,et al. Particulate matter deposited on leaf of five evergreen species in Beijing,China:Source identification and size distribution[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2015,105(1):53-60.
[14]裘璐函,何婉璎,刘美华,等.杭州市6种常见绿化树种滞尘能力及光合特性[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(1):81-87.
[15]张哲,蒋冬月,徐艳,等.深圳市公园绿地植物配置[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(3):102-105.
[16]陆哲明,臧德奎.华南地区植物季相景观探索[J].中国园林,2015,31(4):79-84.
[17]贺博,万军,陈邦发,等.人工模拟沙尘气候环境下线路绝缘子积污特性研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2008,42(12):1510-1514.
[18]江胜利,金荷仙,华晓莉,等.杭州常见绿化植物滞尘能力研究[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(5):47-50.
[19]蒋红波,冯英财,刘世火,等.柑橘全爪螨PcSOD3的异源表达及其重组酶的抗氧化活性[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(24):4735-4744.
[20]吴桂香,吴超.植物滞尘分析及其数学表达模式[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(2):272-277.
[21]李艳梅,陈奇伯,李艳芹,等.昆明10个绿化树种对不同污染区的滞尘及吸净效应[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(3):105-110.
[22]迈迪娜·吐尔逊,玉米提·哈力克,祖皮艳木·买买提,等.阿克苏市城郊林10种果树叶面形态与滞尘量的关系[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(4):279-283.
[23]贾彦,吴超,董春芳,等.7种绿化植物滞尘的微观测定[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(11):4547-4553.
[24]杨静慧,翟形彤,王茂思,等.天津市10种常绿植物冬季滞尘量分析[J].天津农学院学报,2016,23(3):31-34.
[25]张鹏骞,朱明淏,刘艳菊,等.北京路边9种植物叶片表面微结构及其滞尘潜力研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2126-2133.
[26] LIU Y,YANG Z,ZHU M,et al. Role of plant leaves in removing airborne dust and associated metals on Beijing roadsides[J].Aerosol&Air Quality Research,2017,17(10):2566-2584.
[27]刘颖,李冬杰,李朝炜,等.绿化植物叶面特征对滞尘效应的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):454-457.
[28] PICHERSKY E,GERSHENZON J. The formation and function of plant volatiles:perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2002,5(3):237-243.
[29]郑素兰,王兵丽.9种常见灌木滞尘和抑菌的初步研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):186-189.
[30]张薇,程政红,刘云国,等.植物挥发性物质成分分析及抑菌作用研究[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(5):1455-1459.
[31]王进,曹先爽,宋丽,等.吹扫捕集-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析不同产地香樟叶精油成分及抑菌活性比较[J].食品科学,2017,38(12):131-136.
[32]刘宏丁,刘亚敏,刘玉民,等.枫香叶正丁醇提取物抑菌效果及其抗氧化活性研究[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(12):87-90.
[33] ABDI H,WILLIAMS L J. Principal component analysis[J]. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Statistics,2010,2(4):433-459.
[34] XANTHOPOULOS P,PARDALOS P M,TRAFALIS T B. Robust data mining[M]. New York:Springer Verlag,2012:21-26.
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