改革开放40年中国棉花产业回顾与展望
|
摘要
改革开放40年中国棉花生产、初加工和棉纺织业取得了伟大成就。1978—2017年,棉花总产量增长1.53倍,单产增长2.81倍,播种面积保持502万hm~2的适度规模。1983年中国跃居全球第一产棉大国,至2016年保持了34年,单产位居全球产棉大国的首位,然而原棉品质位居全球中等水平。改革开放40年棉花工厂消费量增长1.88倍,居民纺织品服装表观消费量增长5.94倍,目前人均表观消费量为20 kg/年左右,达到中等发达国家的消费水平;纺织品服装出口额增长108.86倍,出口全球200多个经济体。展望未来,中国棉花产业要走绿色、中高端品质的可持续生产之路,通过转型升级、提质增效,发展中高端品质棉花生产和高品质纺织品,提高产业竞争力,从棉花产业大国转向棉花强国。
In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's cotton production, primary processing and cotton textile industry have made great achievements. From 1978 to 2017, the total cotton output increased by1.53 times, the yield increased by 2.81 times, and the planting area maintained a modest scale of 5.02 million hectares. China had become the largest cotton-producing country in the world for 34 years from 1983 to 2016,with the highest yield of cotton, however, the quality of raw cotton ranked at a medium level in the world. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the cotton consumption of factories in China increased by 1.88 times,and the apparent consumption of textiles and clothing of residents increased by 5.94 times. At present, the average apparent consumption per capita in China is around 20 kilogram per year and has reached the consumption level of medium-developed countries. The export volume of textiles and garments in China increased by 108.86 times, exporting to more than 200 economies around the world. Looking forward to the future, China's cotton industry should follow a sustainable production path with green, medium and high-quality and develop high-quality cotton production and high-quality textiles through transformation and upgrading,improving quality and increasing benefit, to improve its competitiveness and to become a powerful cotton industry country from a big cotton industry country.
In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's cotton production, primary processing and cotton textile industry have made great achievements. From 1978 to 2017, the total cotton output increased by1.53 times, the yield increased by 2.81 times, and the planting area maintained a modest scale of 5.02 million hectares. China had become the largest cotton-producing country in the world for 34 years from 1983 to 2016,with the highest yield of cotton, however, the quality of raw cotton ranked at a medium level in the world. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the cotton consumption of factories in China increased by 1.88 times,and the apparent consumption of textiles and clothing of residents increased by 5.94 times. At present, the average apparent consumption per capita in China is around 20 kilogram per year and has reached the consumption level of medium-developed countries. The export volume of textiles and garments in China increased by 108.86 times, exporting to more than 200 economies around the world. Looking forward to the future, China's cotton industry should follow a sustainable production path with green, medium and high-quality and develop high-quality cotton production and high-quality textiles through transformation and upgrading,improving quality and increasing benefit, to improve its competitiveness and to become a powerful cotton industry country from a big cotton industry country.
引文
[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版,2013:7-28.
[2]毛树春,李付广.当代全球棉花产业[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:456-504.
[3]USDA.USDA月报[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/cotton.pdf.
[4]毛树春,谭砚文.WTO与中国棉花十年[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:1-31.
[5]喻树迅,马峙英,熊和平,等.中国棉麻丝可持续发展研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015:103-109.
[6]Secretariat of the International Cotton Advisory Committee.world textile demand[R].OCT.2016,Washington DC,USA.
[7]朱希刚,张社梅,赵芝俊.我国棉花生产率变动分析[J].农业经济问题,2007(4):9-13.
[8]钱静斐,李宁辉,郭静莉.我国棉花产出增长的要素投入贡献率测度与分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2014(2):160-165.
[9]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花品种志(1978-2007)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2009.
[10]毛树春.中国棉花景气报告2007[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:88.
[11]毛树春.中国棉花景气报告2008[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:224.
[12]山东棉花研究中心.“高产稳产棉花新品种鲁棉1号”1981年获国家发明一等奖[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].http://www.cotton.sd.cn/class.php?class=154.
[13]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.棉花品种[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].http://www.cricaas.com.cn/kycg/ycpz/mhpz/index4.htm.
[14]新疆生产建设兵团.新疆生产建设兵团2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2018-03-26)[2018-11-10].http://www.xjbt.gov.cn/c/2018-03-26/5190646.shtml.
[15]董合忠,毛树春,张旺锋,等.棉花优化成铃栽培理论及其新发展[J].中国农业科学,2014(3):441-451.
[16]李付广,袁有禄.棉花分子育种学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013.
[17]Wang KB,Wang ZW,Li FG,et al..The draft genome of a diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii[J].Nature Genetics,2012(44):1098-1103.
[18]Paterson AH,Wendel JF,Gundlach H,et al..Repeated polyploidization of Gossypium genomes and the evolution of spinnable cotton fibres[J].Nature,2012(492):423-437.
[19]Li FG,Fan GY,Wang KB,et al..Genome sequence of the cultivated cotton Gossypium arboretum[J].Nature Genetics.2014(46):567-572.
[20]Li FG,Fan GY,Lu CR,et al..Genome sequence of cultivated Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum TM-1)[J].Nature Biotechnology,2015(33):524-530.
[21]Zhang T Z,Hu Y,Jiang WK,et al..Sequencing of allotetraploid cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.acc.TM-1)provides a resource for fiber improvement[J].Nature Biotechnology,2015(33):531-537.
[22]Liu X,Zhao B,Zheng HJ,et al..Gossypium barbadense genome sequence provides insight into the evolution of extra-long staple fiber and specialized metabolites[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:14139.DOI:10.1038/srep14139.
[23]Yuan D,Tang Z,Wang M,et al..The genome sequence of Sea-Island cotton(Gossypium barbadense)provides insights into the allopolyploidization and development of superior spinnable fibres[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:17662.DOI10.1038/srep17662.
[24]新华网.国务院印发《关于第三批取消中央指定地方实施行政许可事项的决定》[EB/OL].(2017-01-21)[2018-11-10].http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2017-01/21/c_1120358221.htm.
[25]国家质检总局,国家发展和改革委员会.关于取消棉花加工资格认定行政许可后加强棉花质量事中事后监管的通知[EB/OL].(2017-01-12)[2018-11-10].http://www.ndrc gov.cn/gzdt/201701/t20170122_836025.html.
[26]毛树春,李亚兵.中国棉花景气报告2016[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017.
[27]万宝瑞.当前我国农业发展趋势及其应对[N].人民日报,2014-03-13(07).
[28]中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见[N].农民日报,2018-02-05(01).
[29]毛树春,李亚兵,王占彪,等.我国棉花产业转型升级提质增效的途径、方法和措施(二)---用“品质中高端”引领棉花产业发展,用“三化”引领现代植棉业发展[J].绿洲农业与工程,2016(4):3-11.
[30]毛树春,李亚兵,王占彪,等.再论用“品质中高端”引领棉花产业发展[J].农业展望,2017(4):40-47.
[31]毛树春,李亚兵,王占彪,等.农业高质量发展背景下中国棉花产业的转型升级[J].农业展望,2018(5):39-45.
[32]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国务院关于建立粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区的指导意见[EB/OL](2017-04-10)[2018-11-10].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-04/10/content_5184613.htm.
[2]毛树春,李付广.当代全球棉花产业[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:456-504.
[3]USDA.USDA月报[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/circulars/cotton.pdf.
[4]毛树春,谭砚文.WTO与中国棉花十年[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:1-31.
[5]喻树迅,马峙英,熊和平,等.中国棉麻丝可持续发展研究[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015:103-109.
[6]Secretariat of the International Cotton Advisory Committee.world textile demand[R].OCT.2016,Washington DC,USA.
[7]朱希刚,张社梅,赵芝俊.我国棉花生产率变动分析[J].农业经济问题,2007(4):9-13.
[8]钱静斐,李宁辉,郭静莉.我国棉花产出增长的要素投入贡献率测度与分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2014(2):160-165.
[9]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花品种志(1978-2007)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2009.
[10]毛树春.中国棉花景气报告2007[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:88.
[11]毛树春.中国棉花景气报告2008[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:224.
[12]山东棉花研究中心.“高产稳产棉花新品种鲁棉1号”1981年获国家发明一等奖[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].http://www.cotton.sd.cn/class.php?class=154.
[13]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.棉花品种[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].http://www.cricaas.com.cn/kycg/ycpz/mhpz/index4.htm.
[14]新疆生产建设兵团.新疆生产建设兵团2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].(2018-03-26)[2018-11-10].http://www.xjbt.gov.cn/c/2018-03-26/5190646.shtml.
[15]董合忠,毛树春,张旺锋,等.棉花优化成铃栽培理论及其新发展[J].中国农业科学,2014(3):441-451.
[16]李付广,袁有禄.棉花分子育种学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2013.
[17]Wang KB,Wang ZW,Li FG,et al..The draft genome of a diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii[J].Nature Genetics,2012(44):1098-1103.
[18]Paterson AH,Wendel JF,Gundlach H,et al..Repeated polyploidization of Gossypium genomes and the evolution of spinnable cotton fibres[J].Nature,2012(492):423-437.
[19]Li FG,Fan GY,Wang KB,et al..Genome sequence of the cultivated cotton Gossypium arboretum[J].Nature Genetics.2014(46):567-572.
[20]Li FG,Fan GY,Lu CR,et al..Genome sequence of cultivated Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum TM-1)[J].Nature Biotechnology,2015(33):524-530.
[21]Zhang T Z,Hu Y,Jiang WK,et al..Sequencing of allotetraploid cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.acc.TM-1)provides a resource for fiber improvement[J].Nature Biotechnology,2015(33):531-537.
[22]Liu X,Zhao B,Zheng HJ,et al..Gossypium barbadense genome sequence provides insight into the evolution of extra-long staple fiber and specialized metabolites[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:14139.DOI:10.1038/srep14139.
[23]Yuan D,Tang Z,Wang M,et al..The genome sequence of Sea-Island cotton(Gossypium barbadense)provides insights into the allopolyploidization and development of superior spinnable fibres[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:17662.DOI10.1038/srep17662.
[24]新华网.国务院印发《关于第三批取消中央指定地方实施行政许可事项的决定》[EB/OL].(2017-01-21)[2018-11-10].http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2017-01/21/c_1120358221.htm.
[25]国家质检总局,国家发展和改革委员会.关于取消棉花加工资格认定行政许可后加强棉花质量事中事后监管的通知[EB/OL].(2017-01-12)[2018-11-10].http://www.ndrc gov.cn/gzdt/201701/t20170122_836025.html.
[26]毛树春,李亚兵.中国棉花景气报告2016[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017.
[27]万宝瑞.当前我国农业发展趋势及其应对[N].人民日报,2014-03-13(07).
[28]中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见[N].农民日报,2018-02-05(01).
[29]毛树春,李亚兵,王占彪,等.我国棉花产业转型升级提质增效的途径、方法和措施(二)---用“品质中高端”引领棉花产业发展,用“三化”引领现代植棉业发展[J].绿洲农业与工程,2016(4):3-11.
[30]毛树春,李亚兵,王占彪,等.再论用“品质中高端”引领棉花产业发展[J].农业展望,2017(4):40-47.
[31]毛树春,李亚兵,王占彪,等.农业高质量发展背景下中国棉花产业的转型升级[J].农业展望,2018(5):39-45.
[32]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国务院关于建立粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区的指导意见[EB/OL](2017-04-10)[2018-11-10].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-04/10/content_5184613.htm.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |