供给侧背景下推进特色农业转型发展的思考——以蜂产业为例
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摘要
供给侧改革推进背景下,研究特色农业产业结构优化和转型发展问题对于整体上提升农业的供给质量、效益和竞争力具有重要的理论和现实意义。以蜂产业为例,基于供给侧表征与影响因素互动这样一个内在逻辑,构建我国蜂产业供给侧改革的分析框架,结合连续7年蜂农固定观察点数据,从产量动态、产业结构、生产效率和生产效益4个方面分析我国蜂产业现状,探讨蜂产业发展所面临的问题。结果表明,总量上,蜂蜜产量增长速度远高于蜂群数量增长,说明单群生产能力在提高;产业结构上,中蜂数量及中蜂蜜占比近年来提高较快,产品结构仍以蜂蜜、蜂王浆等原料型产品为主,消费结构上以内销为主,出口逐年扩大;效益和效率指标显示除了单群生产率提高外,资金生产率变化微弱,劳动生产率甚至出现下降,养蜂净利润在波动中略有上升;产业发展中的要素供给失衡、生产经营分散、市场需求提升、政策支持不足4大约束明显。因此,提出我国蜂产业的转型升级需要从提升产品质量,形成产业集群;吸引年轻人才,提高从业人员水平;加强利益联结,创新经营机制;结合市场需求,培育新产业新业态4个维度推进。
Under the background of supply-side reform,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the optimization and transformation of agricultural industry structure with characteristics to improve the quality,efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural supply.Based on the internal logic of supply-side and the interactions among the influencing factors and the data from the fixed observation stations of bee farmers for seven consecutive years,this paper constructed an analysis framework of supply-side reform of bee industry in China and analyzed current situations of China's bee industry from four aspects:output trends,industrial structure,production efficiency,and production profitability.Results show that the growth rate of honey production is much higher than that of bee colonies,which indicates that the honey yield of the single colony is increasing.In terms of the industry structure,the colonies and the honey proportion of Apis cerana have increased rapidly in recent years and the raw honey and royal jelly dominate bee products.Domestic sales is the main distribution channel,the export increases year by year.Profitability and efficiency indicators show that beside the improvement of single colony productivity,the net profit of beekeeping increased slightly in fluctuation,while capital productivity did not change much and the labor productivity even declined.The four major constraints for the development of bee industry include: unbalanced factor supply,decentralized production and operation,increased market demand,and insufficient policy support.Based on the above research,to promote the transformation and to upgrade China's bee industry,this paper provides the following suggestions: improving product quality to form industrial clusters,attracting young talents to improve the level of staff,strengthening the interests binding to bring forth the new management mechanism,and combining the market demands to develop new formats and new industries.
Under the background of supply-side reform,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the optimization and transformation of agricultural industry structure with characteristics to improve the quality,efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural supply.Based on the internal logic of supply-side and the interactions among the influencing factors and the data from the fixed observation stations of bee farmers for seven consecutive years,this paper constructed an analysis framework of supply-side reform of bee industry in China and analyzed current situations of China's bee industry from four aspects:output trends,industrial structure,production efficiency,and production profitability.Results show that the growth rate of honey production is much higher than that of bee colonies,which indicates that the honey yield of the single colony is increasing.In terms of the industry structure,the colonies and the honey proportion of Apis cerana have increased rapidly in recent years and the raw honey and royal jelly dominate bee products.Domestic sales is the main distribution channel,the export increases year by year.Profitability and efficiency indicators show that beside the improvement of single colony productivity,the net profit of beekeeping increased slightly in fluctuation,while capital productivity did not change much and the labor productivity even declined.The four major constraints for the development of bee industry include: unbalanced factor supply,decentralized production and operation,increased market demand,and insufficient policy support.Based on the above research,to promote the transformation and to upgrade China's bee industry,this paper provides the following suggestions: improving product quality to form industrial clusters,attracting young talents to improve the level of staff,strengthening the interests binding to bring forth the new management mechanism,and combining the market demands to develop new formats and new industries.
引文
[1]冯志峰.供给侧结构性改革的理论逻辑与实践路径[J].经济问题,2016(2):12-17.Feng Z F.On the theory logic and practice path to structural reform of the supply front[J].On Economic Problems,2016(2):12-17.
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[3]刘荣章,吕姗,李建华,等.特色农业视角下福建现代农业发展路径研究[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(5):544-547.Liu R Z,LüS,Li J H,et al.Research of modern agricultural development route under perspective characteristic agriculture in Fujian Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2012,33(5):544-547.
[4]刘超,朱满德.贵州特色农业发展现状、存在问题与对策[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(3):214-218.Liu C,Zhu M D.Current situation,existing problems and countermeasures of characteristic agriculture in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(3):214-218.
[5]俞燕,李艳军.我国传统特色农业集群区域品牌形成机理研究:理论构建与实证分析--以新疆吐鲁番葡萄集群为例[J].财经论丛,2015,193(4):11-18.Yu Y,Li Y J.Research on the formation mechanism of Chinese agricultural cluster of regional brand with traditional characteristic:Theoretical construction and empirical analysis-Taking Turpan grape clusters as an example[J].Collected Essays on Finance and Economics,2015,193(4):11-18.
[6]刘兆阳,蒋辉,张康洁,等.农业发展在政策减贫过程中的中介效应研究[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(3):389-396.Liu Z Y,Jiang H,Zhang K J,et al.Study on the mediating effects of agricultural development in the process of poverty-alleviation by public policy[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(3):389-396.
[7]申鹏,李玉.农业供给侧改革视角下西部民族地区特色产业发展研究--以麻江蓝莓产业为例[J].贵州民族研究,2017(6):203-207.Shen P,Li Y.Research on the development of characteristic industries in western nationality areas from the perspective of agricultural supply side reform:Taken the blueberry industry in Majiang county as an example[J].Guizhou Ethnic Studies,2017(6):203-207.
[8]中共中央国务院.关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见[EB/OL].(2017-02-05)[2017-02-05].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-02/05/content_5165626.htm.CPC Central Committee and State Council.The opinions on further promoting the Structural Reform of Agricultural Supply Side and accelerating the cultivation of New Kinetic Energy for Agricultural and Rural Development[EB/OL].(2017-02-05)[2017-02-05].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-02/05/content_5165626.htm.
[9]Chauzat M-P,Cauquil L,Roy L,et al.Demographics of the European apicultural industry[J].PLoS One,2013,8(11):e79018.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079018.
[10]杨成,孙秋.苗族传统生态知识保护与产业扶贫--以宗地乡中蜂传统饲养的田野调查为依据[J].广西民族研究,2014(3):147-152.Yang C,Sun Q.Protection of traditional ecological knowledge of the Miao and industry poverty alleviation:Based on fieldwork of traditional beekeeping industry in Zongdi Township,Guizhou[J].Guangxi Ethnic Studies,2014(3):147-152.
[11]Shrestha A J,Partap U,Islam N,et al.Strengthening horizontal and vertical linkages for honey value chain development in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region[J].Indian Journal of Labour Economics,2015,58(2):281-297.
[12]李瑞珍,刘朋飞,李海燕.中国蜂业的SWOT分析及发展对策[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(10):526-529.Li R Z,Liu P F,Li H Y.SWOT analysis and development tactics of China's apiculture[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(10):526-529.
[13]Klatt B K,Holzschuh A,Westphal C,et al.Bee pollination improves crop quality,shelf life and commercial value[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,2014,281(1775):20132440.https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2440.
[14]赵红霞,黄文忠,张学锋,等.广东省蜂产业的发展现状与趋势[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(12):164-169.Zhao H X,Huang W Z,Zhang X F,et al.Analysis on the development sstatus and trend of apiculture on Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2017,38(12):164-169.
[15]Alemu A E,Maertens M,Deckers J,et al.Impact of supply chain coordination on honey farmers'income in Tigray,Northern Ethiopia[J].Agricultural and Food Economics,2016,4(1):9.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-016-0053-x.
[16]张社梅.制度创新、人文关怀与农民专业合作社的治理探讨--以蟲鑫养蜂专业合作社为例[J].农村经济,2017(5):123-128.Zhang S M.Institutional innovation,humanistic care and the governance of farmers'specialized cooperatives:A case study of Chong Xin beekeeping specialized cooperatives[J].Rural Economy,2017(5):123-128.
[17]林可全,丁丽芸.中国蜂蜜产业国际竞争力的ISCP范式研究[J].国际经贸探索,2014,30(4):44-53.Lin K Q,Ding L Y.ISCP paradigm study on the international competitiveness of Chinese honey industry[J].International Economics and Trade Research,2014,30(4):44-53.
[18]盘和林,何敏红.中国蜂蜜出口的国际竞争力分析[J].统计与决策,2013(5):136-138.Pan H L,He M H.Analysis on the international competitiveness of China's honey export[J].Statistics and Decision,2013(5):136-138.
[19]李瑞珍,刘世丽,吴杰,等.世界蜂产品生产与贸易状况分析[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(20):322-327.Li R Z,Liu S L,Wu J,et al.Analysis of production and trade of bee products on a world-wide scale[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(20):322-327.
[20]联合国粮食及农业组织.粮食和农业数据库[EB/OL].(2010-01-02)[2017-01-02].http://www.fao.org/faostat/zh/#data.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Food and Agriculture Database[EB/OL].(2010-01-02)[2017-01-02].http://www.fao.org/faostat/zh/#data.
[21]余艳锋,赵芝俊,邓仁根.江西典型区域中蜂养殖收益对比分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(6):96-100.Yu Y F,Zhao Z J,Deng R G.Analysis on the cost-benefit of Chinese bee in the typical regions of Jiangxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2012,33(6):96-100.
[22]Ványi Gá,CsapóZ,Kárpáti L.Evaluation of consumers'honey purchase habits in Hungary[J].Journal of Food Products Marketing,2011,17(2/3):227-240.
[23]张社梅,孙战利.德国特色农业产业发展对中国的启示--以蜂产业为例[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(11):1954-1961.Zhang S M,Sun Z L.Analysis of the development situation of German characteristic agricultural industry and its inspiration to China:Taking apiculture as the case[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(11):1954-1961.
[24]国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.Price Department of National Development of Reform Commission.National Compilation of Information on the Cost Income of Agricultural Products[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016.
[25]Tarekegn K,Haji J,Tegegne B.Determinants of honey producer market outlet choice in Chena District,southern Ethiopia:Amultivariate probit regression analysis[J].Agricultural and Food Economics,2017,5:20.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-017-0090-0.
[26]Cosmina M,Gallenti G,Marangon F,et al.Attitudes towards honey among Italian consumers:A choice experiment approach[J].Appetite,2016,99:52-58.
[27]四川统计局.四川省农业统计年鉴[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2016.Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Agricultural Statistics Yearbook of Sichuan Province[M].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology Press,2016.
[28]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2006-2016.National Bureau of Statistics of China.China Statistical Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2006-2016.
[29]高芸,赵芝俊.正外部性产业补贴政策模拟方案与效果预测--以养蜂车购置补贴为例[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(3):96-101.Gao Y,Zhao Z J.The design and effect prediction of subsidy policy on positive-externality industry:Take subsidies for mobile bee-keeper purchase for example[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2014,35(3):96-101.
[30]游兆彤,虞轶俊,孔亚广.中国智慧蜂业发展现状及对策[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(4):1111-1115.You Z T,Yu Y J,Kong Y G.Current situation and development strategy on Chinese smart apiculture[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2014,26(4):1111-1115.
[2]张社梅,李冬梅.农业供给侧结构性改革的内在逻辑及推进路径[J].农业经济问题,2017(8):59-65.Zhang S M,Li D M.Study on the theory logic and practice path to structural reform of the agricultural supply front[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2017(8):59-65.
[3]刘荣章,吕姗,李建华,等.特色农业视角下福建现代农业发展路径研究[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(5):544-547.Liu R Z,LüS,Li J H,et al.Research of modern agricultural development route under perspective characteristic agriculture in Fujian Province[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2012,33(5):544-547.
[4]刘超,朱满德.贵州特色农业发展现状、存在问题与对策[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(3):214-218.Liu C,Zhu M D.Current situation,existing problems and countermeasures of characteristic agriculture in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(3):214-218.
[5]俞燕,李艳军.我国传统特色农业集群区域品牌形成机理研究:理论构建与实证分析--以新疆吐鲁番葡萄集群为例[J].财经论丛,2015,193(4):11-18.Yu Y,Li Y J.Research on the formation mechanism of Chinese agricultural cluster of regional brand with traditional characteristic:Theoretical construction and empirical analysis-Taking Turpan grape clusters as an example[J].Collected Essays on Finance and Economics,2015,193(4):11-18.
[6]刘兆阳,蒋辉,张康洁,等.农业发展在政策减贫过程中的中介效应研究[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(3):389-396.Liu Z Y,Jiang H,Zhang K J,et al.Study on the mediating effects of agricultural development in the process of poverty-alleviation by public policy[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(3):389-396.
[7]申鹏,李玉.农业供给侧改革视角下西部民族地区特色产业发展研究--以麻江蓝莓产业为例[J].贵州民族研究,2017(6):203-207.Shen P,Li Y.Research on the development of characteristic industries in western nationality areas from the perspective of agricultural supply side reform:Taken the blueberry industry in Majiang county as an example[J].Guizhou Ethnic Studies,2017(6):203-207.
[8]中共中央国务院.关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见[EB/OL].(2017-02-05)[2017-02-05].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-02/05/content_5165626.htm.CPC Central Committee and State Council.The opinions on further promoting the Structural Reform of Agricultural Supply Side and accelerating the cultivation of New Kinetic Energy for Agricultural and Rural Development[EB/OL].(2017-02-05)[2017-02-05].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2017-02/05/content_5165626.htm.
[9]Chauzat M-P,Cauquil L,Roy L,et al.Demographics of the European apicultural industry[J].PLoS One,2013,8(11):e79018.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079018.
[10]杨成,孙秋.苗族传统生态知识保护与产业扶贫--以宗地乡中蜂传统饲养的田野调查为依据[J].广西民族研究,2014(3):147-152.Yang C,Sun Q.Protection of traditional ecological knowledge of the Miao and industry poverty alleviation:Based on fieldwork of traditional beekeeping industry in Zongdi Township,Guizhou[J].Guangxi Ethnic Studies,2014(3):147-152.
[11]Shrestha A J,Partap U,Islam N,et al.Strengthening horizontal and vertical linkages for honey value chain development in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region[J].Indian Journal of Labour Economics,2015,58(2):281-297.
[12]李瑞珍,刘朋飞,李海燕.中国蜂业的SWOT分析及发展对策[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(10):526-529.Li R Z,Liu P F,Li H Y.SWOT analysis and development tactics of China's apiculture[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(10):526-529.
[13]Klatt B K,Holzschuh A,Westphal C,et al.Bee pollination improves crop quality,shelf life and commercial value[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,2014,281(1775):20132440.https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2440.
[14]赵红霞,黄文忠,张学锋,等.广东省蜂产业的发展现状与趋势[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(12):164-169.Zhao H X,Huang W Z,Zhang X F,et al.Analysis on the development sstatus and trend of apiculture on Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2017,38(12):164-169.
[15]Alemu A E,Maertens M,Deckers J,et al.Impact of supply chain coordination on honey farmers'income in Tigray,Northern Ethiopia[J].Agricultural and Food Economics,2016,4(1):9.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-016-0053-x.
[16]张社梅.制度创新、人文关怀与农民专业合作社的治理探讨--以蟲鑫养蜂专业合作社为例[J].农村经济,2017(5):123-128.Zhang S M.Institutional innovation,humanistic care and the governance of farmers'specialized cooperatives:A case study of Chong Xin beekeeping specialized cooperatives[J].Rural Economy,2017(5):123-128.
[17]林可全,丁丽芸.中国蜂蜜产业国际竞争力的ISCP范式研究[J].国际经贸探索,2014,30(4):44-53.Lin K Q,Ding L Y.ISCP paradigm study on the international competitiveness of Chinese honey industry[J].International Economics and Trade Research,2014,30(4):44-53.
[18]盘和林,何敏红.中国蜂蜜出口的国际竞争力分析[J].统计与决策,2013(5):136-138.Pan H L,He M H.Analysis on the international competitiveness of China's honey export[J].Statistics and Decision,2013(5):136-138.
[19]李瑞珍,刘世丽,吴杰,等.世界蜂产品生产与贸易状况分析[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(20):322-327.Li R Z,Liu S L,Wu J,et al.Analysis of production and trade of bee products on a world-wide scale[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(20):322-327.
[20]联合国粮食及农业组织.粮食和农业数据库[EB/OL].(2010-01-02)[2017-01-02].http://www.fao.org/faostat/zh/#data.Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Food and Agriculture Database[EB/OL].(2010-01-02)[2017-01-02].http://www.fao.org/faostat/zh/#data.
[21]余艳锋,赵芝俊,邓仁根.江西典型区域中蜂养殖收益对比分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2012,33(6):96-100.Yu Y F,Zhao Z J,Deng R G.Analysis on the cost-benefit of Chinese bee in the typical regions of Jiangxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2012,33(6):96-100.
[22]Ványi Gá,CsapóZ,Kárpáti L.Evaluation of consumers'honey purchase habits in Hungary[J].Journal of Food Products Marketing,2011,17(2/3):227-240.
[23]张社梅,孙战利.德国特色农业产业发展对中国的启示--以蜂产业为例[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(11):1954-1961.Zhang S M,Sun Z L.Analysis of the development situation of German characteristic agricultural industry and its inspiration to China:Taking apiculture as the case[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(11):1954-1961.
[24]国家发展和改革委员会价格司.全国农产品成本收益资料汇编[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.Price Department of National Development of Reform Commission.National Compilation of Information on the Cost Income of Agricultural Products[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016.
[25]Tarekegn K,Haji J,Tegegne B.Determinants of honey producer market outlet choice in Chena District,southern Ethiopia:Amultivariate probit regression analysis[J].Agricultural and Food Economics,2017,5:20.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-017-0090-0.
[26]Cosmina M,Gallenti G,Marangon F,et al.Attitudes towards honey among Italian consumers:A choice experiment approach[J].Appetite,2016,99:52-58.
[27]四川统计局.四川省农业统计年鉴[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2016.Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Agricultural Statistics Yearbook of Sichuan Province[M].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology Press,2016.
[28]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2006-2016.National Bureau of Statistics of China.China Statistical Yearbook[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2006-2016.
[29]高芸,赵芝俊.正外部性产业补贴政策模拟方案与效果预测--以养蜂车购置补贴为例[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(3):96-101.Gao Y,Zhao Z J.The design and effect prediction of subsidy policy on positive-externality industry:Take subsidies for mobile bee-keeper purchase for example[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2014,35(3):96-101.
[30]游兆彤,虞轶俊,孔亚广.中国智慧蜂业发展现状及对策[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(4):1111-1115.You Z T,Yu Y J,Kong Y G.Current situation and development strategy on Chinese smart apiculture[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2014,26(4):1111-1115.
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