设施黄瓜全营养栽培基质配方应用效果比较
|
摘要
为解决设施内栽培土壤问题,利用农业有机物料基质进行设施黄瓜全营养栽培基质配方应用效果比较。以津早1号黄瓜为试验材料,将发酵腐熟的牛粪、玉米秸秆、炉渣和稻壳作为基础物料,按一定比例添加尿素和硫酸钾复配成5种不同配方,以土壤作为对照,研究不同配比基质对黄瓜植株生长、果实产量及品质的影响,筛选出适宜黄瓜生长的栽培基质配方。结果表明:配方S1T4(V(基础物料)∶V(蚯蚓粪)=2∶1,m(尿素)∶m(硫酸钾)=0∶0)和配方S1T5(V(基础物料)∶V(蚯蚓粪)=2∶1,m(尿素)∶m(硫酸钾)=1.9∶0.55)处理的黄瓜植株长势良好,果实品质好、产量高,基质理化性状良好。2种基质配方可以同时实现全生产季只浇水、免追肥,二者均为设施黄瓜全营养基质栽培的适宜配方;配方S1T3(V(基础物料)∶V(蚯蚓粪)=3∶1,m(尿素)∶m(硫酸钾)=2∶0.27)的各个检测指标均低于对照,不适宜作为黄瓜栽培基质。
In order to solve the cultivation problem of soil in greenhouse, the agricultural organic material substrate was used to compare the application effects of the total nutrition substrate on cucumber in greenhouse. In this experiment, ‘Jinzao No.1' cucumber was took as the test material, and the fermented decomposed cow dung, corn stover, slag and rice husk were used as the basic raw materials, and urea and potassium sulfate were added according to certain proportion for forming five different formulas, studying the effects of different proportions substrate on cucumber plant growth, fruit yield and quality and screening out the cultivation substrate formula that was suitable for cucumber growth. The soil was took as the control. The results showed that under the formula S1T4(V(masterbatch)∶V(sputum)=2∶1,m(potassium)∶m(sulphate)=0∶0) and S1T5(V(masterbatch)∶V(sputum)=2∶1,m(potassium)∶m(sulphate)=1.9∶0.55), the cucumber grew well with high yield and quality and the substrates had good physical and chemical properties. The two substrate formulas could simultaneously achieve only watering and no top dressing in the whole production season, which were suitable formula for cucumber substrate cultivation. The all test indexes of the S1T3(V(masterbatch)∶V(sputum)=3∶1,m(potassium)∶m(sulphate)=2∶0.27) were lower than the control. Therefore, the S1T3 formula was not suitable for the cucumber cultivation substrate.
In order to solve the cultivation problem of soil in greenhouse, the agricultural organic material substrate was used to compare the application effects of the total nutrition substrate on cucumber in greenhouse. In this experiment, ‘Jinzao No.1' cucumber was took as the test material, and the fermented decomposed cow dung, corn stover, slag and rice husk were used as the basic raw materials, and urea and potassium sulfate were added according to certain proportion for forming five different formulas, studying the effects of different proportions substrate on cucumber plant growth, fruit yield and quality and screening out the cultivation substrate formula that was suitable for cucumber growth. The soil was took as the control. The results showed that under the formula S1T4(V(masterbatch)∶V(sputum)=2∶1,m(potassium)∶m(sulphate)=0∶0) and S1T5(V(masterbatch)∶V(sputum)=2∶1,m(potassium)∶m(sulphate)=1.9∶0.55), the cucumber grew well with high yield and quality and the substrates had good physical and chemical properties. The two substrate formulas could simultaneously achieve only watering and no top dressing in the whole production season, which were suitable formula for cucumber substrate cultivation. The all test indexes of the S1T3(V(masterbatch)∶V(sputum)=3∶1,m(potassium)∶m(sulphate)=2∶0.27) were lower than the control. Therefore, the S1T3 formula was not suitable for the cucumber cultivation substrate.
引文
[1]蒋先明.蔬菜栽培学各论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[2]李岳平,梁开杰,李美婷,等.黄瓜的营养成分、作用及嫁接技术[J].上海农业科技,2015(1):89.
[3]陈名蔚,王峰,韩益飞,等.蔬菜连作障碍成因分析和防止技术初探[J].南方农业,2017,11(30):3-4.
[4]胡俊峰.设施蔬菜土壤消毒与修复技术[J].现代农业科技,2017,23(22):73-76.
[5]李靖,张国斌,李向文,等.不同配比基质对辣椒穴盘苗质量的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2012(6):26-30.
[6]刘淑娴,张金云,高正辉,等.黄瓜有机生态型无土栽培基质的筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2003,31(4):549-550,552.
[7]雷泽湘,雷中英,费永俊,等.食用仙人掌有机生态型栽培基质配方筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(1):32-33,44.
[8]张英,徐建华,李万良.无土栽培的现状及发展趋势[J].农业展望,2008(5):40-42.
[9]王天晓.玉米秸秆等有机物料在黄瓜无土栽培上的应用效果[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2002.
[10]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[11]王学奎,黄见良.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.
[12]王晶英,敖红,张杰,等.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2003.
[13]蔡永萍,植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2014.
[14]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[15]刘振国,卢钦灿,刘慧超,等.不同配比基质对黄瓜生长发育的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2009(6):42-46.
[16]蒋卫杰,郑光华,汪浩,等.有机生态型无土栽培技术及其营养生理基础[J].园艺学报,1996,23(2):139-144.
[17]朱咏莉,李萍萍.黄瓜栽培下醋糟基质脲酶和蔗糖酶活性及其与氮素含量间的关系[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(3):127-130.
[18]朱国梁,毕军,夏光利,等.不同缓释肥料对黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(1):68-73.
[2]李岳平,梁开杰,李美婷,等.黄瓜的营养成分、作用及嫁接技术[J].上海农业科技,2015(1):89.
[3]陈名蔚,王峰,韩益飞,等.蔬菜连作障碍成因分析和防止技术初探[J].南方农业,2017,11(30):3-4.
[4]胡俊峰.设施蔬菜土壤消毒与修复技术[J].现代农业科技,2017,23(22):73-76.
[5]李靖,张国斌,李向文,等.不同配比基质对辣椒穴盘苗质量的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2012(6):26-30.
[6]刘淑娴,张金云,高正辉,等.黄瓜有机生态型无土栽培基质的筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2003,31(4):549-550,552.
[7]雷泽湘,雷中英,费永俊,等.食用仙人掌有机生态型栽培基质配方筛选[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(1):32-33,44.
[8]张英,徐建华,李万良.无土栽培的现状及发展趋势[J].农业展望,2008(5):40-42.
[9]王天晓.玉米秸秆等有机物料在黄瓜无土栽培上的应用效果[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2002.
[10]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[11]王学奎,黄见良.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.
[12]王晶英,敖红,张杰,等.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2003.
[13]蔡永萍,植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2014.
[14]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[15]刘振国,卢钦灿,刘慧超,等.不同配比基质对黄瓜生长发育的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2009(6):42-46.
[16]蒋卫杰,郑光华,汪浩,等.有机生态型无土栽培技术及其营养生理基础[J].园艺学报,1996,23(2):139-144.
[17]朱咏莉,李萍萍.黄瓜栽培下醋糟基质脲酶和蔗糖酶活性及其与氮素含量间的关系[J].农业现代化研究,2013,34(3):127-130.
[18]朱国梁,毕军,夏光利,等.不同缓释肥料对黄瓜产量、品质及养分利用率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(1):68-73.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |