施氮量对咖啡生长及光合特征的影响
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摘要
为探明中粒种咖啡(Coffea canephora)适宜施氮量,以其高产无性系24-2为试材,在咖啡果干物质积累高峰期设置不同施氮量处理,研究施氮量对咖啡生长及光合特征的影响。结果表明:与对照(未施氮,CK)相比,施氮能够显著提高咖啡株高、冠幅等形态指标,显著增加植株一级分枝对数、果粒数和千粒重等产量构成因子,且显著提高植株叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率等光合指标,随施氮量增加各指标总体呈增加趋势。对咖啡产量与各测定指标进行相关性分析时发现,咖啡产量与一级分枝对数、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率呈显著正相关,施氮通过提高咖啡光合能力和增加植株一级分枝对数来提高产量。综上,重视咖啡果干物质积累高峰期的氮素供应,是确保植株较高光合能力和提高产量的有效措施;仅以产量考量,N760为最佳施氮处理。本研究结果为海南中等肥力咖啡植区的氮肥施用提供理论依据。
In this paper, effects of different nitrogen level on growth and photosynthetic characteristics in 24-2 coffee were studied. Our results showed that compared with CK, the application of nitrogen significantly increased the morphological indices such as plant height and crown breadth, the yield components such as 1000-grain weight, the numbers of trunk branch and fruit grain, the photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr). With the increase of nitrogen level, the data of above parameters showed an increasing trend. The coffee yield was positively correlated with the number of trunk branch, Pn, Gs and Tr, which were improved with the application of nitrogen. In summary, the nitrogen application during the peak period of dry matter accumulation in coffee was an effective measure to ensure higher photosynthetic capacity and yield, and N760 was the best application.
In this paper, effects of different nitrogen level on growth and photosynthetic characteristics in 24-2 coffee were studied. Our results showed that compared with CK, the application of nitrogen significantly increased the morphological indices such as plant height and crown breadth, the yield components such as 1000-grain weight, the numbers of trunk branch and fruit grain, the photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr). With the increase of nitrogen level, the data of above parameters showed an increasing trend. The coffee yield was positively correlated with the number of trunk branch, Pn, Gs and Tr, which were improved with the application of nitrogen. In summary, the nitrogen application during the peak period of dry matter accumulation in coffee was an effective measure to ensure higher photosynthetic capacity and yield, and N760 was the best application.
引文
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[16]刘小刚,徐航,程金焕,等.水肥耦合对小粒咖啡苗木生长和水分利用的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(1):33-40.
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[18]蔡传涛,蔡志全,解继武,等.田间不同水肥管理下小粒咖啡的生长和光合特性[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(7):1207-1212.
[19]耿宏焯,刘小刚,钟原,等.保水剂和氮肥对小粒咖啡生长及水分利用的互作效应[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(3):466-470.
[20]徐航.水氮耦合对小粒咖啡生理生态特性的影响[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.
[21]Amy Veronica C,Neal B,et al.Ecophysiological responses of schizachyrium scoparium to water and nitrogen manipulation[J].Great Plains Research,2006,16(1):29-36.
[22]郑睿,康绍忠,胡笑涛,等.水氮处理对荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄光合特性与产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):133-141.
[23]李波,史文璐.氮磷钾配比对玉米干物质积累、产量、品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(2):85-89.
[24]杨安中,吴文革,李泽福,等.氮肥运筹对超级稻源库关系、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(2):254-258.
[25]孙宁,边少锋,孟祥盟,等.氮肥施用量对超高产玉米光合性能及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(2):67-69,72.
[26]尹丽,胡庭兴,刘永安,等.施氮量对麻疯树幼苗生长及叶片光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):4977-4984.
[27]Lawlor D W.Photosynthesis,productivity and environment[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1995,46:1449-1461.
[28]越鹏,李彩凤,陈业婷,等.氮素水平对甜菜功能叶片光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2010,24(5):1080-1085.
[2]Makino A.Photosynthesis,grain yield,and nitrogen utilization in rice and wheat[J].Plant Physiology,2011,155(1):125-129.
[3]李廷亮,谢英荷,洪坚平,等.施氮量对晋南旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及氮素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(4):704-711.
[4]Wu W M,Chen H J,Li J C,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of flag leaf and grain filling in winter wheat suffered waterlogging at booting stage[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(6):1088-1096.
[5]谷岩,胡文河,徐百军,等.氮素营养水平对膜下滴灌玉米穗位叶光合及氮代谢酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7399-7407.
[6]Yang L,Zhao H W,Liu J H.Effects of different nitrogen application on GS activity and yield in different quality spring maize varieties[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2007,38(3):320-324.
[7]中国热带农业科学院,华南热带农业大学.中国热带作物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:467.
[8]孙燕,龙宇宙.咖啡栽培技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:22-23.
[9]莫丽珍,闫林,董云萍.小粒种咖啡高产优质栽培技术图解[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,2012:54-55.
[10]Nazareno R B,Oliveira C A S,Sanzonowicz C,et al.Initial growth of Rubi coffee plant in response to nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and water regimes[J].Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira,2003,38(8):903-910.
[11]黄家雄.小粒咖啡标准化生产技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2009:64-69.
[12]钟原.有限灌溉和施氮对小粒咖啡生长及水氮利用的影响[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2014.
[13]钟原,刘小刚,耿宏焯,等.亏缺灌溉与氮营养对小粒咖啡苗木生长及水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):89-93.
[14]Cai C,Cai Z,Yao T,et al.Vegetative growth and photosynthesis in coffee plants under different watering and fertilization managements in Yunnan,SW China[J].Photosynthetica,2007,45(3):455-461.
[15]张珍贤,王华,蔡传涛,等.施肥对干旱胁迫下幼龄期小粒咖啡光合特性及生长的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(7):832-840.
[16]刘小刚,徐航,程金焕,等.水肥耦合对小粒咖啡苗木生长和水分利用的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(1):33-40.
[17]蔡志全,蔡传涛,齐欣,等.施肥对小粒咖啡生长、光合特性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(9):1561-1564.
[18]蔡传涛,蔡志全,解继武,等.田间不同水肥管理下小粒咖啡的生长和光合特性[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(7):1207-1212.
[19]耿宏焯,刘小刚,钟原,等.保水剂和氮肥对小粒咖啡生长及水分利用的互作效应[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(3):466-470.
[20]徐航.水氮耦合对小粒咖啡生理生态特性的影响[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.
[21]Amy Veronica C,Neal B,et al.Ecophysiological responses of schizachyrium scoparium to water and nitrogen manipulation[J].Great Plains Research,2006,16(1):29-36.
[22]郑睿,康绍忠,胡笑涛,等.水氮处理对荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄光合特性与产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):133-141.
[23]李波,史文璐.氮磷钾配比对玉米干物质积累、产量、品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(2):85-89.
[24]杨安中,吴文革,李泽福,等.氮肥运筹对超级稻源库关系、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(2):254-258.
[25]孙宁,边少锋,孟祥盟,等.氮肥施用量对超高产玉米光合性能及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(2):67-69,72.
[26]尹丽,胡庭兴,刘永安,等.施氮量对麻疯树幼苗生长及叶片光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):4977-4984.
[27]Lawlor D W.Photosynthesis,productivity and environment[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1995,46:1449-1461.
[28]越鹏,李彩凤,陈业婷,等.氮素水平对甜菜功能叶片光合特性的影响[J].核农学报,2010,24(5):1080-1085.
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