免耕播种机星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置设计与试验
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摘要
针对东北地区免耕播种机在玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田作业时,平面爪轮式清秸防堵装置清秸率低、作业性能不稳定,播种机作业质量和工作效率降低等问题,设计一种星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置。通过分析作业时秸秆颗粒在凹面清秸盘上的运动规律,确定了影响清秸率的主要结构参数和各参数的取值范围。结合旋转正交试验设计和EDEM离散元仿真技术确定了星齿凹面清秸盘的最优结构参数组合,通过田间对比试验验证了该装置的作业性能。研究结果表明:影响星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置作业性能的主要结构参数为清秸盘回转半径、圆盘曲面投影长度和曲率半径。当清秸盘回转半径为152. 5 mm、曲率半径为160 mm和圆盘曲面投影长度为50. 9 mm时,该装置作业性能最佳,苗带清秸率和作业阻力分别为92. 2%和142. 6 N。星齿凹面盘式清秸防堵装置的工作性能优于平面爪轮式防堵装置,作业质量稳定,满足免耕播种作业农艺和技术要求。
The corn planting model of full straw returning and no-tillage sowing techniques was used in the northeastern part of China. Due to the thick and abundant maize straws,limited the quality and efficiency of sowing operations and reduced crop yield,the concave disk row cleaners with star-tooth capable of efficient straw cleaning in whole straw mulching fields were designed. The kinematic pattern of straw particles at surface of disc row cleaner during the operation was clarified through the use of theoretical analysis,the main structural parameters affecting the operational quality of the row cleaners were clarified,and the range of values of each parameter were determined. Combined with rotational orthogonal test design and EDEM discrete element simulation technology,the optimal structural parameter combination of the row cleaner was achieved. The performance of the row cleaners was verified by field comparison test. The results showed that the main structural parameters affecting the performance of the device were radius of gyration of the disk,projection length of disk camber and radius of curvature.When the radius of gyration of the disk was 152. 5 mm,the projection length of disk camber was50. 9 mm,and the radius of curvature was 160 mm,the working performance of the row cleaners was the best,and the straw cleaning rate and working resistance were 92. 2% and 142. 6 N,respectively. The working performance of the row cleaners was better than that of the plane row cleaners,and the operation quality was stable,which satisfied the agronomic and technical requirements of no-till planting.
The corn planting model of full straw returning and no-tillage sowing techniques was used in the northeastern part of China. Due to the thick and abundant maize straws,limited the quality and efficiency of sowing operations and reduced crop yield,the concave disk row cleaners with star-tooth capable of efficient straw cleaning in whole straw mulching fields were designed. The kinematic pattern of straw particles at surface of disc row cleaner during the operation was clarified through the use of theoretical analysis,the main structural parameters affecting the operational quality of the row cleaners were clarified,and the range of values of each parameter were determined. Combined with rotational orthogonal test design and EDEM discrete element simulation technology,the optimal structural parameter combination of the row cleaner was achieved. The performance of the row cleaners was verified by field comparison test. The results showed that the main structural parameters affecting the performance of the device were radius of gyration of the disk,projection length of disk camber and radius of curvature.When the radius of gyration of the disk was 152. 5 mm,the projection length of disk camber was50. 9 mm,and the radius of curvature was 160 mm,the working performance of the row cleaners was the best,and the straw cleaning rate and working resistance were 92. 2% and 142. 6 N,respectively. The working performance of the row cleaners was better than that of the plane row cleaners,and the operation quality was stable,which satisfied the agronomic and technical requirements of no-till planting.
引文
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[13]RAOUFAT M H,MATBOORI A.Row cleaners enhance reduced tillage planting of corn in Iran[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2007,93(1):152-161.
[14]FALLAHI S,RAOUFAT M H.Row-crop planter attachments in a conservation tillage system:a comparative study[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2008,98(1):27-34.
[15]范旭辉,贾洪雷,张伟汉,等.免耕播种机仿形爪式防堵清茬机构参数分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):56-60.FAN Xuhui,JIA Honglei,ZHANG Weihan,et al.Parametric analysis of finger-type anti-blocking residue-cleaner for no-till planting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):56-60.(in Chinese)
[16]林静,李宝筏,李宏哲.阿基米德螺线型破茬开沟和切拨防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):10-19.LIN Jing,LI Baofa,LI Hongzhe.Design and experiment of archimedes spiral type stubble breaking ditching device and stubble breaking anti blocking device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(17):10-19.(in Chinese)
[17]贾洪雷,刘行,余海波,等.免耕播种机凹面爪式清茬机构仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(11):68-77.JIA Honglei,LIU Hang,YU Haibo,et al.Simulation and experiment on the stubble clearance mechanism with concave clawtype for no-tillage planter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):68-77.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20181108&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.11.008.(in Chinese)
[18]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[19]张波屏.播种机械设计原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982:389-403.
[20]张才权.水田耙星形耙片几何参数的研究[J].农业机械学报,1979,10(2):85-95.ZHANG Caiquan.Research of geometric parameters of star-shape disc for paddy field harrow[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1979,10(2):85-95.(in Chinese)
[21]庞声海.关于滑切理论与滑切角的选用[J].华中农学院学报,1982(2):64-69.
[22]ZHAO Jiale,HUANG Dongyan,JIA Honglei,et al.Analysis and experiment on cutting performances of high-stubble mazize stalks[J].The International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2017,10(1):40-52.
[23]王金武,唐汉,王金峰,等.悬挂式水田单侧修筑埂机数值模拟分析与性能优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):72-80.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Numerical analysis and performance optimization experiment on hanging unilateral ridger for paddy field[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):72-80.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170807&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.007.(in Chinese)
[24]方会敏.基于离散元法的秸秆-土壤-旋耕刀相互作用机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.FANG Huimin.Research on the straw-soil-rotary blade interaction using discrete element method[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[25]任露泉.试验设计及其优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[26]任露泉.回归设计及其优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[27]NY/T 1628-2008玉米免耕播种机作业质量[S].2008.
[28]NY/T 1768-2009免耕播种机质量评价技术规范[S].2009.
[2]BLEVINS R L,THOMAS C W,SMITH M S,et al.Changes in soil properties after 10 years continuous notilled and conventionally tilled corn[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1983,3(2):123-132.
[3]CHASTIN T G,WARD K J,WYSOCKI D J.Stand establishment response of soft winter wheat to seed bed residue and seed size[J].Crop Science,1995,35(1):213-218.
[4]农业部农业机械化管理司.中国保护性耕作[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[5]赵佳乐,贾洪雷,郭明卓,等.免耕播种机有支撑滚切式防堵装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(10):18-28.ZHAO Jiale,JIA Honglei,GUO Mingzhuo,et al.Design and experiment of supported roll-cutting anti-blocking mechanism with for no-till planter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(10):18-28.(in Chinese)
[6]何进,李洪文,陈海涛,等.保护性耕作技术与机具研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):1-19.HE Jin,LI Hongwen,CHEN Haitao,et al.Research progress of conservation tillage technology and machine[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):1-19.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180401&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.04.001.(in Chinese)
[7]贾洪雷,赵佳乐,姜鑫铭,等.行间免耕播种机防堵装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):16-25.JIA Honglei,ZHAO Jiale,JIANG Xinming,et al.Design and experiment of anti-blocking mechanism for inter-row no-tillage seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):16-25.(in Chinese)
[8]SIEMENS M C,WILKINS D E,CORREA R F.Development and evaluation of a residue management wheel for hoe-type no till drills[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2004,47(2):397-404.
[9]TOURN M,SOZA E,BOTTA G,et al.Direct corn seeding.Effect of residue clearance on implant efficiency[J].Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2003,1(3):99-103.
[10]MORRIS N L,MILLER P C H,ORSON J H,et al.The adoption of non-inversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil,crops and environment-a review[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2010,108(1-2):1-15.
[11]CELIK A,ALTIKAT S,WAY R T.Strip tillage width effects on sunflower seed emergence and yield[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2013,131:20-27.
[12]廖庆喜,高焕文,舒彩霞.免耕播种机防堵技术研究现状与发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(1):108-112.LIAO Qingxi,GAO Huanwen,SHU Caixia.Present situations and prospects of anti-blocking technology of no-tillage planter[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2004,20(1):108-112.(in Chinese)
[13]RAOUFAT M H,MATBOORI A.Row cleaners enhance reduced tillage planting of corn in Iran[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2007,93(1):152-161.
[14]FALLAHI S,RAOUFAT M H.Row-crop planter attachments in a conservation tillage system:a comparative study[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2008,98(1):27-34.
[15]范旭辉,贾洪雷,张伟汉,等.免耕播种机仿形爪式防堵清茬机构参数分析[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):56-60.FAN Xuhui,JIA Honglei,ZHANG Weihan,et al.Parametric analysis of finger-type anti-blocking residue-cleaner for no-till planting[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):56-60.(in Chinese)
[16]林静,李宝筏,李宏哲.阿基米德螺线型破茬开沟和切拨防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):10-19.LIN Jing,LI Baofa,LI Hongzhe.Design and experiment of archimedes spiral type stubble breaking ditching device and stubble breaking anti blocking device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(17):10-19.(in Chinese)
[17]贾洪雷,刘行,余海波,等.免耕播种机凹面爪式清茬机构仿真与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(11):68-77.JIA Honglei,LIU Hang,YU Haibo,et al.Simulation and experiment on the stubble clearance mechanism with concave clawtype for no-tillage planter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):68-77.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20181108&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.11.008.(in Chinese)
[18]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[19]张波屏.播种机械设计原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982:389-403.
[20]张才权.水田耙星形耙片几何参数的研究[J].农业机械学报,1979,10(2):85-95.ZHANG Caiquan.Research of geometric parameters of star-shape disc for paddy field harrow[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1979,10(2):85-95.(in Chinese)
[21]庞声海.关于滑切理论与滑切角的选用[J].华中农学院学报,1982(2):64-69.
[22]ZHAO Jiale,HUANG Dongyan,JIA Honglei,et al.Analysis and experiment on cutting performances of high-stubble mazize stalks[J].The International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2017,10(1):40-52.
[23]王金武,唐汉,王金峰,等.悬挂式水田单侧修筑埂机数值模拟分析与性能优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):72-80.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,WANG Jinfeng,et al.Numerical analysis and performance optimization experiment on hanging unilateral ridger for paddy field[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):72-80.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170807&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.08.007.(in Chinese)
[24]方会敏.基于离散元法的秸秆-土壤-旋耕刀相互作用机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2016.FANG Huimin.Research on the straw-soil-rotary blade interaction using discrete element method[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[25]任露泉.试验设计及其优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[26]任露泉.回归设计及其优化[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[27]NY/T 1628-2008玉米免耕播种机作业质量[S].2008.
[28]NY/T 1768-2009免耕播种机质量评价技术规范[S].2009.
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