中国西南石漠化地区农村能源消费结构研究
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摘要
农村能源在国家能源体系中发挥着重要作用,能源消费对农村社会经济发展、生态安全、居民身体健康产生重要影响。通过对贵州省石漠化防治示范区的4县8个乡(镇)25个行政村的429户农户进行了派员式入户调查,揭示中国西南石漠化地区的农村能源消费与石漠化等级之间的关联性。研究发现,1)研究区内仍然以薪柴和煤炭为主能源消费结构。2)农村用能呈现清洁化和高效化的趋势,然而能源转型是缓慢的过程;3)能源消费模式区域差异显著。毕节撒拉溪形成"薪柴+煤炭"的生活用能模式,"煤炭"型取暖模式和"薪柴"型生产用能(煮猪食)模式。关岭花江和贞丰北盘江形成"薪柴+电力"生活用能模式和"电力"型取暖模式。施秉喀斯特形成"薪柴+电力"的生活用能模式,"薪柴+煤炭"取暖用能模式和"煤炭"型生产用能模式;4)石漠化等级与薪柴消费量之间的相关性:潜在石漠化地区的薪柴使用量在合理的生态阈值之内,轻度和强度石漠化地区面临石漠化加重与扩大的风险;5)石漠化地区农村能源贫困严重。毕节撒拉溪和贞丰北盘江存在经济不可支付性,4个示范区室内环境污染严重。通过对比分析,发现研究区农村家庭能源消费主要受制于农户收入水平、能源资源的可获性、取暖、传统文化、产业结构、政策等因素的综合影响。该研究为掌握中国西南石漠化地区家庭能源消费现状和发展趋势,制定相关能源与环境政策提供理论依据。
The rural household energy plays an important role in national energy consumption.The rural energy consumption has an important impact on social and economic development,ecological security and residents' physical health.The survey was conducted based on 429 households in 25 administrative villages,8 townships(towns),4 counties,in Karst rocky desertification control demonstration area of Guizhou province.The correlation between rural energy consumption and a scale of karst rocky desertification in southwest China was investigated.The results show that:1) Firewood and coal are still main energy consumption structure in study area.Due to the overall low level of economic income,farmers have to continue to use traditional firewood,resulting in the formation of firewood + commodity energy consumption model,namely,firewood + coal,firewood + electricity,firewood + petroleum,petrochemical,and other energy modes,and showing a pattern of multi-energy complementarity.2) The rural energy using tends to be clean and efficient,but the energy consumption transformation is a slow process.Due to the influence of demographic characteristics and traditional culture,the electricity is still not the main energy in the study area.Meanwhile the influence of migrant workers,the rural population is dominated by the elderly,women and children,and "hollow villages" appears in study areas,which complicates the rural energy consumption.3) Regional differences in energy consumption model are significant.Bijie-salaxi demonstration area have formed model of "firewood + coal" for life energy,"coal" for heating and "firewood" for production energy(cooking pig food).Guanling-huajiang demonstration area and Zhenfeng-beipanjiang have formed model of "firewood + electricity" for life energy and "electricity" for heating.In Shibing Karst demonstration area have formed model of "firewood + electricity" for life energy,"firewood + coal" for heating and "coal" for production.4) The firewood consumption in potential rocky desertification areas is the highest,but it is within the reasonable ecological threshold and there is no risk of rocky desertification.Its firewood consumption is related to higher biomass,population characteristics,heating,resource availability,lower population density and tourism development.Although the consumption of firewood is the lowest in slight rocky desertification,it has exceeded the reasonable ecological threshold and is at the risk of aggravation and expansion of rocky desertification.Its firewood consumption is related to the abundant coal and living habits.The firewood consumption is lower in moderate-intensity karst rocky desertification,but it has exceeded the reasonable ecological threshold and is at the risk of aggravation and expansion of rocky desertification.The firewood consumption is related to the lower forest coverage,biomass and stand biomass,low income level,historical factors and loss of opportunity cost.5) The rural energy poverty in karst rocky desertification areas is serious.The economic unaffordability is mainly found in Bijie-salaxi and Zhenfeng-beipanjiang.Indoor environmental pollution was serious in four study areas,especially in Bijie-salaxi and shibing Karst.6) This study reveals differences in energy consumption level and structure of rural households in karst rocky desertification areas in southwest China.Through comparative analysis,it is found that energy consumption of rural households is mainly subject to the comprehensive influence of the income level of farmers,the availability of energy and resources,heating,traditional culture,industrial structure,policies and other factors.This study provides theoretical basis for understanding the current situation and development trend of household energy consumption in rural region of southwest China and formulating relevant policies of energy and environmental.
The rural household energy plays an important role in national energy consumption.The rural energy consumption has an important impact on social and economic development,ecological security and residents' physical health.The survey was conducted based on 429 households in 25 administrative villages,8 townships(towns),4 counties,in Karst rocky desertification control demonstration area of Guizhou province.The correlation between rural energy consumption and a scale of karst rocky desertification in southwest China was investigated.The results show that:1) Firewood and coal are still main energy consumption structure in study area.Due to the overall low level of economic income,farmers have to continue to use traditional firewood,resulting in the formation of firewood + commodity energy consumption model,namely,firewood + coal,firewood + electricity,firewood + petroleum,petrochemical,and other energy modes,and showing a pattern of multi-energy complementarity.2) The rural energy using tends to be clean and efficient,but the energy consumption transformation is a slow process.Due to the influence of demographic characteristics and traditional culture,the electricity is still not the main energy in the study area.Meanwhile the influence of migrant workers,the rural population is dominated by the elderly,women and children,and "hollow villages" appears in study areas,which complicates the rural energy consumption.3) Regional differences in energy consumption model are significant.Bijie-salaxi demonstration area have formed model of "firewood + coal" for life energy,"coal" for heating and "firewood" for production energy(cooking pig food).Guanling-huajiang demonstration area and Zhenfeng-beipanjiang have formed model of "firewood + electricity" for life energy and "electricity" for heating.In Shibing Karst demonstration area have formed model of "firewood + electricity" for life energy,"firewood + coal" for heating and "coal" for production.4) The firewood consumption in potential rocky desertification areas is the highest,but it is within the reasonable ecological threshold and there is no risk of rocky desertification.Its firewood consumption is related to higher biomass,population characteristics,heating,resource availability,lower population density and tourism development.Although the consumption of firewood is the lowest in slight rocky desertification,it has exceeded the reasonable ecological threshold and is at the risk of aggravation and expansion of rocky desertification.Its firewood consumption is related to the abundant coal and living habits.The firewood consumption is lower in moderate-intensity karst rocky desertification,but it has exceeded the reasonable ecological threshold and is at the risk of aggravation and expansion of rocky desertification.The firewood consumption is related to the lower forest coverage,biomass and stand biomass,low income level,historical factors and loss of opportunity cost.5) The rural energy poverty in karst rocky desertification areas is serious.The economic unaffordability is mainly found in Bijie-salaxi and Zhenfeng-beipanjiang.Indoor environmental pollution was serious in four study areas,especially in Bijie-salaxi and shibing Karst.6) This study reveals differences in energy consumption level and structure of rural households in karst rocky desertification areas in southwest China.Through comparative analysis,it is found that energy consumption of rural households is mainly subject to the comprehensive influence of the income level of farmers,the availability of energy and resources,heating,traditional culture,industrial structure,policies and other factors.This study provides theoretical basis for understanding the current situation and development trend of household energy consumption in rural region of southwest China and formulating relevant policies of energy and environmental.
引文
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[2]王效华,郝先荣,金玲.基于典型县入户调查的中国农村家庭能源消费研究[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):206-212.Wang Xiaohua,Hao Xianrong,Jin Ling.Study on rural household energy consumption in China based on household investigation from typical counties[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(14):206-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]丛宏斌,赵立欣,王久臣,等.中国农村能源生产消费现状与发展需求分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):224-231.Cong Hongbin,Zhao Lixin,Wang Jiuchen,et al.Current situation and development demand analysis of rural energy in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(17):206-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]李国柱,牛叔文,杨振,等.陇中黄土丘陵地区农村活能源消费的环境经济成本分析[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(1):15-24.Li Guozhu,Niu Shuwen,Yang Zhen,et al.The analysis on environmental and economic cost of rural household energy consumption in loess hilly region of Gansu Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(1):15-24.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Luo Guoliang,Zhang Xinghua.Universalization of access to modern energy services in Tibetan rural householdsrenewable energy's exploitation,utilization,and policy analysis[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(5):2373-2380.
[6]Ping Xiaoge,Li Chunwang,Jiang Zhigang.Household energy consumption patterns in agricultural zone,pastoral zone and agro-pastoral transitional zone in eastern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2013,58(9):1-9.
[7]孙永龙,牛叔文,胡嫄嫄,等.高寒藏区农牧村家庭能源消费特征及影响因素:以甘南高原为例[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(4):569-579.Sun Yonglong,Niu Shuwen,Hu Yuanyuan,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of rural household energy consumption in Alpine Tibetan area:A case study of Gannan Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(4):569-579.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]孙威,韩晓旭,梁育填.能源贫困的识别方法及其应用分析--以云南省怒江州为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(4):575-586.Sun Wei,Han Xiaoxu,Liang Yutian.The identification method of energy poverty and analysis of its application:Acase study of Nujiang Prefecture in Yunan Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2014,29(4):575-586.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]梁育填,樊杰,孙威,等.西南山区农村生活能源消费结构的影响因素分析-以云南省昭通市为例[J].地理学报,2012,67(2):221-229.Liang Yutian,Fan Jie,Sun Wei,et al.The influencing factors of rural household energy consumption structure in mountainous areas of Southwest China:A case study of Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(2):221-229.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]肖红波,李军,李宗泰,等.北京农村能源消费现状及影响因素分析-基于北京市1866个农村住户的调研[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(10):127-137.Xiao Hongbo,Li Jun,Li Zongtai,et al.Energy consumption in rural Beijing:Current situation and major influence factors-based on the survey of 1 866 rural households in Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,2017,38(10):127-137.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]许永兵,黄礼龙.京津冀农村能源消费结构研究[J].河北经贸大学学报,2018,39(3):65-73.Xu Yongbing,Huang Lilong.Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei rural energy consumption structure research[J].Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business,2018,39(3):65-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]刘荣霞,张鹏鹏,夏建新,等.中国北方农牧区生存性碳排放特征与实证[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(4):29-34.Liu Rongxia,Zhang Pengpeng,Xia Jianxin,et al.Characteristics of survival carbon emission of households in China’s Northern Agro-pastoral area[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(4):29-34.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]王效华.江苏农村家庭能源消费研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(26):196-200.Wang Xiaohua.Study on rural household energy consumption in Jiangsu Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(26):196-200.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠.典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):878-888.Xiong Kangning,Li Jin,Long Mingzhong.Features of soil and water loss and key issues in demonstration areas for combating karst rocky desertification[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(7):878-888.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]袁道先,章程.岩溶动力学的理论探索与实践[J].地球学报,2008,29(3):355-365.Yuan Daoxian,Zhang Cheng.Karst dynamics theory in China and its practice[J].Acta Geoscientic Sinica,2008,29(3):355-365.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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