分布式能源系统在农业循环经济中的应用研究
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摘要
随着社会环境和能源问题越来越突出,为了促进资源的合理利用,部分农村地区开展了对农业循环经济模式的探索和研究。该文在传统农业循环经济"四位一体"模式基础上,结合现代分布式能源系统、吸收式制冷和脱硝工艺,提出"五位一体"农业循环经济模式。在该模式中,可有效提高沼气的利用率,减少农业生产过程中化肥和农药的使用,促进温室大棚农产品增产增收,改变农业只能产出低端农产品的格局,形成工农商联合的新模式。构成能源生态综合利用体系,促进可再生能源的开发,增加农村清洁优质能源供应量并转化为收益。
With the current social environment and energy issues becoming more and more prominent, in order to promote the rational use of resources, some rural areas have carried out exploration and research on the agricultural circular economy model. Based on "four-in-one" mode of traditional agricultural circular economy, combined with distributed energy system, absorption refrigeration and denitration process, we proposed "five-in-one" agricultural circular economy model. "Five-in-one" refers to the model of "farming-biogas-energy supply-greenhouse-agricultural planting". The "five-in-one" system mainly adds gas generator sets and cold storage to convert the produced biogas into income. The "five in one" has changed the pattern that agriculture can only export low-end agricultural products, forming a new model for the union of workers and peasants. It constitutes an integrated energy and ecological utilization system, promotes the development of renewable energy, and increases the supply of clean and high-quality energy in rural areas and converts them into income. The combination of livestock and poultry breeding, production of biogas, distributed energy, greenhouses and agricultural planting, the five are interdependent and integrated, forming a comprehensive utilization system of agriculture, energy and ecology. Taking a biogas tank with a gas production capacity of 1 000 m3 as an example, 365 000 m3 of biogas can be produced for gas-fired units to generate electricity continuously. Each cubic meter of biogas can generate 2.6 kW·h, and the total power generation capacity is about 936 MW·h. The cold storage provides energy by using low-quality heat energy. According to the gas-fired unit's power generation efficiency of 34%, the biogas power generation waste heat resource is used for direct-fired absorption type chiller refrigeration, and the daily cooling capacity is 5 887 kW·h. The 1 000 m3 biogas tank can produce 1550 t of organic fertilizer and 9 000 tons of biogas slurry, which can reduce 760 tons of carbon dioxide. In the "five in one" model, the main problem is that the construction cost and key technical fields are immature. It is necessary for the state to provide subsidies in accordance with new energy installed power generation, and to provide subsidies for distributed energy system construction, subsidies for biogas production construction, and operational subsidies. State Grid Corporation should acquire the on-grid electricity in the agricultural circular economy model in accordance with the solar power grid-connected electricity price. The National Energy Administration should give the operating companies carbon trading rights in accordance with 50%～60% of the carbon emission reductions of biogas power generation, in order to facilitate the initiative in the future carbon trading market and promote the development of circular economy in rural areas. If the technology is not mature, experts should be organized to discuss, build a pilot project, and study the technical problems and improvement programs in the operation process. We will adjust the agricultural structure and industrial construction, gradually improve the scientific research and production technology system, and promote successful experiences to the whole country.
With the current social environment and energy issues becoming more and more prominent, in order to promote the rational use of resources, some rural areas have carried out exploration and research on the agricultural circular economy model. Based on "four-in-one" mode of traditional agricultural circular economy, combined with distributed energy system, absorption refrigeration and denitration process, we proposed "five-in-one" agricultural circular economy model. "Five-in-one" refers to the model of "farming-biogas-energy supply-greenhouse-agricultural planting". The "five-in-one" system mainly adds gas generator sets and cold storage to convert the produced biogas into income. The "five in one" has changed the pattern that agriculture can only export low-end agricultural products, forming a new model for the union of workers and peasants. It constitutes an integrated energy and ecological utilization system, promotes the development of renewable energy, and increases the supply of clean and high-quality energy in rural areas and converts them into income. The combination of livestock and poultry breeding, production of biogas, distributed energy, greenhouses and agricultural planting, the five are interdependent and integrated, forming a comprehensive utilization system of agriculture, energy and ecology. Taking a biogas tank with a gas production capacity of 1 000 m3 as an example, 365 000 m3 of biogas can be produced for gas-fired units to generate electricity continuously. Each cubic meter of biogas can generate 2.6 kW·h, and the total power generation capacity is about 936 MW·h. The cold storage provides energy by using low-quality heat energy. According to the gas-fired unit's power generation efficiency of 34%, the biogas power generation waste heat resource is used for direct-fired absorption type chiller refrigeration, and the daily cooling capacity is 5 887 kW·h. The 1 000 m3 biogas tank can produce 1550 t of organic fertilizer and 9 000 tons of biogas slurry, which can reduce 760 tons of carbon dioxide. In the "five in one" model, the main problem is that the construction cost and key technical fields are immature. It is necessary for the state to provide subsidies in accordance with new energy installed power generation, and to provide subsidies for distributed energy system construction, subsidies for biogas production construction, and operational subsidies. State Grid Corporation should acquire the on-grid electricity in the agricultural circular economy model in accordance with the solar power grid-connected electricity price. The National Energy Administration should give the operating companies carbon trading rights in accordance with 50%～60% of the carbon emission reductions of biogas power generation, in order to facilitate the initiative in the future carbon trading market and promote the development of circular economy in rural areas. If the technology is not mature, experts should be organized to discuss, build a pilot project, and study the technical problems and improvement programs in the operation process. We will adjust the agricultural structure and industrial construction, gradually improve the scientific research and production technology system, and promote successful experiences to the whole country.
引文
[1]刘晋宏.浅谈中国农业循环经济的发展[J].农业科技与信息,2016(23):4-6.
[2]陈晨.研究称东北黑土地面临土层变薄肥力下降威胁[N].中国青年网,(2013-01-04).http://news.youth.cn/jsxw/201311/t20131104_4139302.htm.
[3]宋成军,赵学兰,田宜水.中国农业循环经济标准体系构建与对策[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):222-226.Song Chengjun,Zhao Xuelan,Tian Yishui.Construction and countermeasures of China's agricultural circular economy standard system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(22):222-226.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]王红彦,王飞,孙仁华.国外农作物秸秆利用政策法规综述及其经验启示[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):216-222.Wang Hongyan,Wang Fei,Sun Renhua.A review of foreign policy and regulations on crop straw utilization and its enlightenment[J].Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(16):216-222.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]崔军.循环经济理论指导下的现代农业规划理论探讨与案例分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):283-288.Cui Jun.Theoretical discussion and case analysis of modern agricultural planning under the guidance of circular economy theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(11):283-288.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]付颖.新时期生态农业发展现状与对策[J].农业工程,2018,8(6):69-70.
[7]王瑞芝.新农村建设中农业经济管理创新思考[J].农业工程,2018,8(6):149-150.
[8]李可.农村地区秸秆-太阳能-沼气循环利用技术[J].农业工程,2018,8(6):71-73.
[9]杜龙龙,张智烨,王蒙,等.沼液一体化综合处理与循环利用工艺[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊2):207-212.Du Longlong,Zhang Zhiwei,Wang Meng,et al.Integrated treatment and recycling technology of biogas slurry[J].Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(Supp.2):207-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]李柘锦,隋鹏,龙攀,等.不同有机物料还田对农田系统净温室气体排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊2):111-117.Li Zhejin,Sui Peng,Long Pan,et al.Effects of different organic materials returning on the net greenhouse gas emissions of farmland systems[J].Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(Supp.2):111-117.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]吴碧波.宁海农业循环经济发展中的科技因素分析[J].上海农业科技,2011(3):5-6.
[12]段跃,斯琴.内蒙古杭锦后旗“四位一体”循环模式的经济效益研究[J].中国集体经济,2010(36):27-29.
[13]李春秋,赵晖.农业循环经济与农业可持续发展现状[J].中外企业家,2018(3):121.
[14]王倩,于诺.农村环境污染成因及对策[J].合作经济与科技,2015(18):24-25.
[15]王建波,刘丽娜.分布式供电和冷热电联产的前景[J].黑龙江科技信息,2011(12):1.
[16]Ahn Hyo-Sung,Kim Byeong-Yeon;Lim Young-Hun.Distributed coordination for optimal energy generation and distribution in cyber-physical energy networks[J].IEEETransactions on Cybernetics,2018,48(3),941-954.
[17]Zeng M,Zhou P,Li R,et al.Research on the Orientation and Application of Distributed Energy Storage in Energy Internet[C]//IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science.IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2018:052120.
[18]Alanne K,Saari A.Distributed energy generation and sustainable development[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2006,10(6):539-558.
[19]Chakraborty S,Okabe T.Optimal demand side management by distributed and secured energy commitment framework[J].Iet Generation Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(14):3610-3621.
[20]段建田.小型燃煤锅炉和热风炉烟气脱硫脱硝及除尘技术应用-以山西省阳煤集团新景矿芦湖南热风房改造设计为例[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(6):135-137.
[21]杜民伟.粮食烘干杜民伟.粮食烘干塔脱硫脱硝除尘一体化装置的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2016.Du Minwei.Grain drying Du Minwei.Research on Integrated Equipment for Desulfurization,Denitrification and Dust Removal in Grain Drying Tower[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]陈湘文.筛板式喷淋塔脱硫脱硝性能试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.Chen Xiangwen.Experimental study on Desulfurization and Denitrification Performance of Sieve Plate Spray Tower[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]韩艳培.太阳能溴化锂吸收式系统的理论与研究[J].科技信息,2012(11):244-263.
[24]Chen Y,Han W,Jin H.Analysis of an absorption/absorption-compression refrigeration system for heat sources with large temperature change[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2016,113:153-164.
[25]Chen Y,Han W,Jin H.Thermodynamic performance optimization of the absorption-generation process in an absorption refrigeration cycle[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2016,126:290-301.
[26]Rodríguez-Mu?oz J L,Belman-Flores J M.Review of diffusion-absorption refrigeration technologies[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,30(2):145-153.
[27]白成芳.都市(西宁市)现代农业发展模式分析[J].青海农牧业,2016(3):25-26.
[28]牛平,高伟,王晶,等.内蒙古大中型沼气工程经济效益测算分析[J].农业工程技术(新能源产业),2013(5):12-15.
[29]石建福,高桂花,施兴荣,等.“气热电肥联产”模式秸秆沼气工程探索与经济效益分析-上实农业园生物质循环利用示范工程模式解析[J].可再生能源,2012,30(6):107-110.
[30]张培栋,李新荣,杨艳丽,等.中国大中型沼气工程温室气体减排效益分析[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(9):239-243.Zhang Peidong,Li Xinrong,Yang Yanli,et al.Analysis of greenhouse gas emission reduction benefits of large and medium-sized biogas projects in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(9):239-243.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]段磊.中国农业资本深化对农业经济的影响[J].农业工程,2018,8(7):140-141.
[32]罗丽英.农业农村经济发展模式改革创新探讨[J].现代农业科技,2017(9):277-279.
[33]潘红云.基于沼气综合利用的生态农业循环经济模式分析[J].城市燃气,2016(1):40-43.
[2]陈晨.研究称东北黑土地面临土层变薄肥力下降威胁[N].中国青年网,(2013-01-04).http://news.youth.cn/jsxw/201311/t20131104_4139302.htm.
[3]宋成军,赵学兰,田宜水.中国农业循环经济标准体系构建与对策[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):222-226.Song Chengjun,Zhao Xuelan,Tian Yishui.Construction and countermeasures of China's agricultural circular economy standard system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(22):222-226.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]王红彦,王飞,孙仁华.国外农作物秸秆利用政策法规综述及其经验启示[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):216-222.Wang Hongyan,Wang Fei,Sun Renhua.A review of foreign policy and regulations on crop straw utilization and its enlightenment[J].Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(16):216-222.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]崔军.循环经济理论指导下的现代农业规划理论探讨与案例分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(11):283-288.Cui Jun.Theoretical discussion and case analysis of modern agricultural planning under the guidance of circular economy theory[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(11):283-288.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]付颖.新时期生态农业发展现状与对策[J].农业工程,2018,8(6):69-70.
[7]王瑞芝.新农村建设中农业经济管理创新思考[J].农业工程,2018,8(6):149-150.
[8]李可.农村地区秸秆-太阳能-沼气循环利用技术[J].农业工程,2018,8(6):71-73.
[9]杜龙龙,张智烨,王蒙,等.沼液一体化综合处理与循环利用工艺[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊2):207-212.Du Longlong,Zhang Zhiwei,Wang Meng,et al.Integrated treatment and recycling technology of biogas slurry[J].Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(Supp.2):207-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]李柘锦,隋鹏,龙攀,等.不同有机物料还田对农田系统净温室气体排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(增刊2):111-117.Li Zhejin,Sui Peng,Long Pan,et al.Effects of different organic materials returning on the net greenhouse gas emissions of farmland systems[J].Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(Supp.2):111-117.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]吴碧波.宁海农业循环经济发展中的科技因素分析[J].上海农业科技,2011(3):5-6.
[12]段跃,斯琴.内蒙古杭锦后旗“四位一体”循环模式的经济效益研究[J].中国集体经济,2010(36):27-29.
[13]李春秋,赵晖.农业循环经济与农业可持续发展现状[J].中外企业家,2018(3):121.
[14]王倩,于诺.农村环境污染成因及对策[J].合作经济与科技,2015(18):24-25.
[15]王建波,刘丽娜.分布式供电和冷热电联产的前景[J].黑龙江科技信息,2011(12):1.
[16]Ahn Hyo-Sung,Kim Byeong-Yeon;Lim Young-Hun.Distributed coordination for optimal energy generation and distribution in cyber-physical energy networks[J].IEEETransactions on Cybernetics,2018,48(3),941-954.
[17]Zeng M,Zhou P,Li R,et al.Research on the Orientation and Application of Distributed Energy Storage in Energy Internet[C]//IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science.IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2018:052120.
[18]Alanne K,Saari A.Distributed energy generation and sustainable development[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2006,10(6):539-558.
[19]Chakraborty S,Okabe T.Optimal demand side management by distributed and secured energy commitment framework[J].Iet Generation Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(14):3610-3621.
[20]段建田.小型燃煤锅炉和热风炉烟气脱硫脱硝及除尘技术应用-以山西省阳煤集团新景矿芦湖南热风房改造设计为例[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(6):135-137.
[21]杜民伟.粮食烘干杜民伟.粮食烘干塔脱硫脱硝除尘一体化装置的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2016.Du Minwei.Grain drying Du Minwei.Research on Integrated Equipment for Desulfurization,Denitrification and Dust Removal in Grain Drying Tower[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]陈湘文.筛板式喷淋塔脱硫脱硝性能试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.Chen Xiangwen.Experimental study on Desulfurization and Denitrification Performance of Sieve Plate Spray Tower[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]韩艳培.太阳能溴化锂吸收式系统的理论与研究[J].科技信息,2012(11):244-263.
[24]Chen Y,Han W,Jin H.Analysis of an absorption/absorption-compression refrigeration system for heat sources with large temperature change[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2016,113:153-164.
[25]Chen Y,Han W,Jin H.Thermodynamic performance optimization of the absorption-generation process in an absorption refrigeration cycle[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2016,126:290-301.
[26]Rodríguez-Mu?oz J L,Belman-Flores J M.Review of diffusion-absorption refrigeration technologies[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,30(2):145-153.
[27]白成芳.都市(西宁市)现代农业发展模式分析[J].青海农牧业,2016(3):25-26.
[28]牛平,高伟,王晶,等.内蒙古大中型沼气工程经济效益测算分析[J].农业工程技术(新能源产业),2013(5):12-15.
[29]石建福,高桂花,施兴荣,等.“气热电肥联产”模式秸秆沼气工程探索与经济效益分析-上实农业园生物质循环利用示范工程模式解析[J].可再生能源,2012,30(6):107-110.
[30]张培栋,李新荣,杨艳丽,等.中国大中型沼气工程温室气体减排效益分析[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(9):239-243.Zhang Peidong,Li Xinrong,Yang Yanli,et al.Analysis of greenhouse gas emission reduction benefits of large and medium-sized biogas projects in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(9):239-243.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]段磊.中国农业资本深化对农业经济的影响[J].农业工程,2018,8(7):140-141.
[32]罗丽英.农业农村经济发展模式改革创新探讨[J].现代农业科技,2017(9):277-279.
[33]潘红云.基于沼气综合利用的生态农业循环经济模式分析[J].城市燃气,2016(1):40-43.
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