中国荷斯坦牛产后0～35d繁殖疾病遗传参数估计
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摘要
旨在估计中国荷斯坦牛产后0～35d的繁殖疾病遗传参数。本研究收集了1993-2017年间北京地区27个场中国荷斯坦牛产后0～35d25 026条繁殖疾病记录,统计分析发病规律,采用阈模型和线性模型,以场年、胎次和产犊季节为固定效应,个体加性遗传效应和永久环境效应为随机效应得到遗传参数来探究中国荷斯坦牛产后0～35d繁殖疾病遗传规律,同时尝试单独对子宫疾病进行遗传参数估计。结果显示,奶牛产后0～35d繁殖疾病记录占整个泌乳期繁殖疾病记录的54%;使用线性模型和阈模型所得奶牛产后0～35d遗传力分别为0.015 2(0.001 9)和0.094 4(0.01),使用SAS计算两个模型繁殖疾病EBV排名秩相关达95%(P<0.01);在繁殖疾病中,子宫疾病占48%,且主要集中于产后0～35d,利用线性模型估计得到产后0～35d子宫疾病遗传力为0.010 7(0.001 6)。根据线性模型得到的EBV计算繁殖疾病遗传趋势,发现自2000年以来,公母牛繁殖疾病、子宫疾病估计育种值均呈现下降趋势。本研究结果可为中国荷斯坦牛繁殖疾病的遗传育种工作提供参考。
The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of reproductive diseases within 0-35 days after calving in Chinese Holsteins.Twenty five thousand and twenty-six reproductive diseases records within 0-35 days after calving from 27 farms from 1993 to 2017 were collected,threshold model and linear model were adopted to estimate the genetic parameters.Farmyear,parity and calving season were considered as fixed effects,additive genetic effect and permanent environmental effect as random effect to explore the genetic regularity of reproductive diseases within 0-35 days after calving in Chinese Holsteins.The genetic parameters of uterine diseases were estimated using the same model.The results showed that 54% reproductive diseases records of dairy cows happened within 0-35 days after calving comparing to total reproductive diseases records in the whole lactation.The estimated heritabilities of reproductive diseases within0-35 days after calving using linear model and threshold model were 0.015 2(0.001 9)and 0.094 4(0.01),respectively.The rank correlation of estimated breeding value(EBV)derived from the two models for reproductive diseases was 95%(P<0.01).Uterine diseases accounted for 48%of reproductive diseases and mainly occurred during 0-35 days after calving,and the estimated heritability of uterine diseases within 0-35 days after calving by linear model was 0.010 7(0.001 6).There was a decrease tendency of EBV both male and female since 2000 based on the results of linear model.The study may provide a reference for the genetic selection and breeding for reproductive diseases in Chinese Holsteins.
The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of reproductive diseases within 0-35 days after calving in Chinese Holsteins.Twenty five thousand and twenty-six reproductive diseases records within 0-35 days after calving from 27 farms from 1993 to 2017 were collected,threshold model and linear model were adopted to estimate the genetic parameters.Farmyear,parity and calving season were considered as fixed effects,additive genetic effect and permanent environmental effect as random effect to explore the genetic regularity of reproductive diseases within 0-35 days after calving in Chinese Holsteins.The genetic parameters of uterine diseases were estimated using the same model.The results showed that 54% reproductive diseases records of dairy cows happened within 0-35 days after calving comparing to total reproductive diseases records in the whole lactation.The estimated heritabilities of reproductive diseases within0-35 days after calving using linear model and threshold model were 0.015 2(0.001 9)and 0.094 4(0.01),respectively.The rank correlation of estimated breeding value(EBV)derived from the two models for reproductive diseases was 95%(P<0.01).Uterine diseases accounted for 48%of reproductive diseases and mainly occurred during 0-35 days after calving,and the estimated heritability of uterine diseases within 0-35 days after calving by linear model was 0.010 7(0.001 6).There was a decrease tendency of EBV both male and female since 2000 based on the results of linear model.The study may provide a reference for the genetic selection and breeding for reproductive diseases in Chinese Holsteins.
引文
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[6]GILBERT R O,SHIN S T,GUARD C L,et al.Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows[J].Theriogenology,2005,64(9):1879-1888.
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[8]CABRERA V E.Economics of fertility in high-yielding dairy cows on confined TMR systems[J].Animal,2014,8(S1):211-221.
[9]L EBLANC S.Overall Reproductive performance of Canadian dairy cows:challenges we are facing[J].Adv Dairy Technol,2005,17:137-148.
[10]LEBLANC S J.Postpartum uterine disease and dairy herd reproductive performance:A review[J].Vet J,2008,176(1):102-114.
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[13]郭刚,罗杨,刘善超,等.奶牛淘汰原因与淘汰时泌乳天数关系研究[J].中国奶牛,2012(17):47-49.GUO G,LUO Y,LIU S C,et al.The Relationship study between culling reasons of cows and lactation days[J].China Dairy Cattle,2012(17):47-49.(in Chinese)
[14]鄢新义,刘澳星,董刚辉,等.北京地区中国荷斯坦牛长寿性及其影响因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(23):1-6.YAN X Y,LIU A X,DONG G H,et al.Analysis of longevity and its influencing factors in Chinese Holstein population in Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2016,52(23):1-6.(in Chinese)
[15]黄金明,王长法,王洪梅,等.奶牛繁殖的遗传学和基因组学研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(1):7-11.HUANG J M,WANG C F,WANG H M,et al.Advances on genetics and genomics for reproduction in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2009,30(1):7-11.(in Chinese)
[16]HOLMBERG M,ANDERSSON-EKLUND L.Quantitative trait loci affecting fertility and calving traits in Swedish dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2006,89(9):3664-3671.
[17]李胜利.奶牛繁殖障碍与繁殖疾病的营养调理[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005(9):3-6.LI S L.The nutrition regulation in reproductive diseases[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2005(9):3-6.(in Chinese)
[18]VAN SAUN R J,SNIFFEN C J.Transition cow nutrition and feeding management for disease prevention[J].Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract,2014,30(3):689-719.
[19]GUNDUZ M C,SABUNCU A,UCMAK M,et al.Postpartum reproductive problems and therapy in dairy cows[J].J Anim Vet Adv,2010,9(14):1952-1954.
[20]MAHEN P J,WILLIAMS H J,SMITH R F,et al.Effect of blood ionised calcium concentration at calving on fertility outcomes in dairy cattle[J].Vet Rec,2018,183(8):1-6.
[21]JEONG J K,CHOI I S,MOON S H,et al.Relationship between serum magnesium concentration during the transition period,peri-and postpartum disorders,and reproductive performance in dairy cows[J].Livest Sci,2018,213:1-6.
[22]CROCIATI M,DI GIACINTO F,MANUALI E,et al.Systemic profiling of ectopic fat deposits in the reproductive tract of dairy cows[J].Theriogenology,2018,114:46-53.
[23]SIMES L M S,ORLANDI R E,MASSONETO J PM,et al.Exposure to progesterone previous to the protocol of ovulation synchronization increases the follicular diameter and the fertility of suckled Bos indicus cows[J].Theriogenology,2018,116:28-33.
[24]F ODOR I,BAUMGARTNER W,ABONYI-TTHZ,et al.Associations between management practices and major reproductive parameters of Holstein-Friesian replacement heifers[J].Anim Reprod Sci,2018,188:114-122.
[25]KADARMIDEEN H N,THOMPSON R,SIMM G.Linear and threshold model genetic parameters for disease,fertility and milk production in dairy cattle[J].Anim Sci,2000,71(3):411-419.
[26]GERNAND E,REHBEIN P,VON BORSTEL U U,et al.Incidences of and genetic parameters for mastitis,claw disorders,and common health traits recorded in dairy cattle contract herds[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95(4):2144-2156.
[27]HOOIJER G A,LUBBERS R B F,DUCRO B J,et al.Genetic parameters for cystic ovarian disease in Dutch black and white dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2001,84(1):286-291.
[28]BERRY D P,BERMINGHAM M L,GOOD M,et al.Genetics of animal health and disease in cattle[J].Irish Vet J,2011,64:5.
[29]LIU A X,WANG Y C,SAHANA G,et al.Genomewide association studies for female fertility traits in Chinese and Nordic Holsteins[J].Sci Rep,2017,7:8487.
[30]ZACHUT M,SOOD P,LEVIN Y,et al.Proteomic analysis of preovulatory follicular fluid reveals differentially abundant proteins in less fertile dairy cows[J].J Proteomics,2016,139:122-129.
[31]曹杰.奶牛围产期疾病数据分析及管理[J].中国奶牛,2015(6):59-60.CAO J.Data analysis and management of cow diseases in transition period[J].China Dairy Cattle,2015(6):59-60.(in Chinese)
[32]SU G,LUND M S,SORENSEN D.Selection for litter size at day five to improve litter size at weaning and piglet survival rate[J].J Anim Sci,2007,85(6):1385-1392.
[33]URIBE H A,KENNEDY B W,MARTIN S W,et al.Genetic parameters for common health disorders of Holstein cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1995,78(2):421-430.
[34]ABDEL-AZIM G A,FREEMAN A E,KEHRLI ME,et al.Genetic basis and risk factors for infectious and noninfectious diseases in US holsteins.I.Estimation of genetic parameters for single diseases and general health[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88(3):1199-1207.
[35]HERINGSTAD B.Genetic analysis of fertility-related diseases and disorders in Norwegian red cows[J].JDairy Sci,2010,93(6):2751-2756.
[36]ZWALD N R,WEIGEL K A,CHANG Y M,et al.Genetic selection for health traits using producer-recorded data.I.Incidence rates,heritability estimates,and sire breeding values[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87(12):4287-4294.
[2]FOURICHON C,SEEGERS H,BEAUDEAU F,et al.Health-control costs in dairy farming systems in westernFrance[J].Livest Prod Sci,2001,68(2-3):141-156.
[3]HANSEN L B.Consequences of selection for milk yield from a geneticist’s viewpoint[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83(5):1145-1150.
[4]HARDER B,BENNEWITZ J,HINRICHS D,et al.Genetic parameters for health traits and their relationship to different persistency traits in German Holstein dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2006,89(8):3202-3212.
[5]KELTON D F,LISSEMORE K D,MARTIN R E.Recommendations for recording and calculating the incidence of selected clinical diseases of dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,1998,81(9):2502-2509.
[6]GILBERT R O,SHIN S T,GUARD C L,et al.Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows[J].Theriogenology,2005,64(9):1879-1888.
[7]OVERTON M,FETROW J.Economics of postpartum uterine health[C]//Dairy Cattle Reproduction Council Convention.Omaha,Nebraska,2008:39-44.
[8]CABRERA V E.Economics of fertility in high-yielding dairy cows on confined TMR systems[J].Animal,2014,8(S1):211-221.
[9]L EBLANC S.Overall Reproductive performance of Canadian dairy cows:challenges we are facing[J].Adv Dairy Technol,2005,17:137-148.
[10]LEBLANC S J.Postpartum uterine disease and dairy herd reproductive performance:A review[J].Vet J,2008,176(1):102-114.
[11]FOURICHON C,SEEGERS H,MALHER X.Effect of disease on reproduction in the dairy cow:a metaanalysis[J].Theriogenology,2000,53(9):1729-1759.
[12]SHELDON I M,CRONIN J,GOETZE L,et al.Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle[J].Biol Reprod,2009,81(6):1025-1032.
[13]郭刚,罗杨,刘善超,等.奶牛淘汰原因与淘汰时泌乳天数关系研究[J].中国奶牛,2012(17):47-49.GUO G,LUO Y,LIU S C,et al.The Relationship study between culling reasons of cows and lactation days[J].China Dairy Cattle,2012(17):47-49.(in Chinese)
[14]鄢新义,刘澳星,董刚辉,等.北京地区中国荷斯坦牛长寿性及其影响因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(23):1-6.YAN X Y,LIU A X,DONG G H,et al.Analysis of longevity and its influencing factors in Chinese Holstein population in Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2016,52(23):1-6.(in Chinese)
[15]黄金明,王长法,王洪梅,等.奶牛繁殖的遗传学和基因组学研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(1):7-11.HUANG J M,WANG C F,WANG H M,et al.Advances on genetics and genomics for reproduction in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2009,30(1):7-11.(in Chinese)
[16]HOLMBERG M,ANDERSSON-EKLUND L.Quantitative trait loci affecting fertility and calving traits in Swedish dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2006,89(9):3664-3671.
[17]李胜利.奶牛繁殖障碍与繁殖疾病的营养调理[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005(9):3-6.LI S L.The nutrition regulation in reproductive diseases[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2005(9):3-6.(in Chinese)
[18]VAN SAUN R J,SNIFFEN C J.Transition cow nutrition and feeding management for disease prevention[J].Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract,2014,30(3):689-719.
[19]GUNDUZ M C,SABUNCU A,UCMAK M,et al.Postpartum reproductive problems and therapy in dairy cows[J].J Anim Vet Adv,2010,9(14):1952-1954.
[20]MAHEN P J,WILLIAMS H J,SMITH R F,et al.Effect of blood ionised calcium concentration at calving on fertility outcomes in dairy cattle[J].Vet Rec,2018,183(8):1-6.
[21]JEONG J K,CHOI I S,MOON S H,et al.Relationship between serum magnesium concentration during the transition period,peri-and postpartum disorders,and reproductive performance in dairy cows[J].Livest Sci,2018,213:1-6.
[22]CROCIATI M,DI GIACINTO F,MANUALI E,et al.Systemic profiling of ectopic fat deposits in the reproductive tract of dairy cows[J].Theriogenology,2018,114:46-53.
[23]SIMES L M S,ORLANDI R E,MASSONETO J PM,et al.Exposure to progesterone previous to the protocol of ovulation synchronization increases the follicular diameter and the fertility of suckled Bos indicus cows[J].Theriogenology,2018,116:28-33.
[24]F ODOR I,BAUMGARTNER W,ABONYI-TTHZ,et al.Associations between management practices and major reproductive parameters of Holstein-Friesian replacement heifers[J].Anim Reprod Sci,2018,188:114-122.
[25]KADARMIDEEN H N,THOMPSON R,SIMM G.Linear and threshold model genetic parameters for disease,fertility and milk production in dairy cattle[J].Anim Sci,2000,71(3):411-419.
[26]GERNAND E,REHBEIN P,VON BORSTEL U U,et al.Incidences of and genetic parameters for mastitis,claw disorders,and common health traits recorded in dairy cattle contract herds[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95(4):2144-2156.
[27]HOOIJER G A,LUBBERS R B F,DUCRO B J,et al.Genetic parameters for cystic ovarian disease in Dutch black and white dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2001,84(1):286-291.
[28]BERRY D P,BERMINGHAM M L,GOOD M,et al.Genetics of animal health and disease in cattle[J].Irish Vet J,2011,64:5.
[29]LIU A X,WANG Y C,SAHANA G,et al.Genomewide association studies for female fertility traits in Chinese and Nordic Holsteins[J].Sci Rep,2017,7:8487.
[30]ZACHUT M,SOOD P,LEVIN Y,et al.Proteomic analysis of preovulatory follicular fluid reveals differentially abundant proteins in less fertile dairy cows[J].J Proteomics,2016,139:122-129.
[31]曹杰.奶牛围产期疾病数据分析及管理[J].中国奶牛,2015(6):59-60.CAO J.Data analysis and management of cow diseases in transition period[J].China Dairy Cattle,2015(6):59-60.(in Chinese)
[32]SU G,LUND M S,SORENSEN D.Selection for litter size at day five to improve litter size at weaning and piglet survival rate[J].J Anim Sci,2007,85(6):1385-1392.
[33]URIBE H A,KENNEDY B W,MARTIN S W,et al.Genetic parameters for common health disorders of Holstein cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1995,78(2):421-430.
[34]ABDEL-AZIM G A,FREEMAN A E,KEHRLI ME,et al.Genetic basis and risk factors for infectious and noninfectious diseases in US holsteins.I.Estimation of genetic parameters for single diseases and general health[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88(3):1199-1207.
[35]HERINGSTAD B.Genetic analysis of fertility-related diseases and disorders in Norwegian red cows[J].JDairy Sci,2010,93(6):2751-2756.
[36]ZWALD N R,WEIGEL K A,CHANG Y M,et al.Genetic selection for health traits using producer-recorded data.I.Incidence rates,heritability estimates,and sire breeding values[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87(12):4287-4294.
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