平抑光伏并网功率波动的混合储能系统优化调度策略
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摘要
提出了一种光伏(PV)的最大功率跟踪工作点控制和混合储能系统(HESS)协调平抑光伏并网功率波动策略,通过PV和HESS间的密切配合,能有效将PV并网功率波动抑制在电网可接受范围内。采用了多目标非线性约束模型对HESS中电池和超级电容的充放电功率进行优化调度,调度过程中充分考虑了HESS的寿命、偏离校正以及充放电效率;给出了基于滑动平均算法的PV的最大功率跟踪工作点动态控制方法。此外,采用K均值聚类算法构建了3种典型的PV功率波动场景,对所提策略和利用HESS平抑PV功率波动的传统策略进行了对比分析,结果表明:所提策略既能取得良好的平抑PV功率波动效果,还能降低HESS的运行损耗、延长其使用寿命。
A coordinated control strategy is proposed for smoothing power fluctuation of grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)plant,including the operating point control of maximum power point tracking(MPPT)of PV's and charging/discharging power control of hybrid energy storage system(HESS).The proposed strategy could effectively smooth PV power fluctuations within the acceptable range of the utility grid with the close cooperation between PV and HESS.Multi-objective nonlinear constraint model is adopted to optimize the charging/discharging power of the battery and supercapacitor.During the dispatching process,the lifetime of HESS,state of charge(SOC)deviation of HESS and the discharge efficiency are fully considered.Moreover,the moving average algorithm is utilized to dynamically control the operation point of the MPPT of PV.Besides,three typical scenarios of PV power fluctuations are established by using K-means clustering algorithm.Also,several comparisons are made between the proposed strategy and the conventional strategy which also uses HESS to smooth power fluctuations.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach could not only achieve a significant effect of smoothing the PV power fluctuations,but also reduce the operation loss of HESS and prolong the lifetime of HESS.
A coordinated control strategy is proposed for smoothing power fluctuation of grid-connected photovoltaic(PV)plant,including the operating point control of maximum power point tracking(MPPT)of PV's and charging/discharging power control of hybrid energy storage system(HESS).The proposed strategy could effectively smooth PV power fluctuations within the acceptable range of the utility grid with the close cooperation between PV and HESS.Multi-objective nonlinear constraint model is adopted to optimize the charging/discharging power of the battery and supercapacitor.During the dispatching process,the lifetime of HESS,state of charge(SOC)deviation of HESS and the discharge efficiency are fully considered.Moreover,the moving average algorithm is utilized to dynamically control the operation point of the MPPT of PV.Besides,three typical scenarios of PV power fluctuations are established by using K-means clustering algorithm.Also,several comparisons are made between the proposed strategy and the conventional strategy which also uses HESS to smooth power fluctuations.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach could not only achieve a significant effect of smoothing the PV power fluctuations,but also reduce the operation loss of HESS and prolong the lifetime of HESS.
引文
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[24]LAI Chunsing,JIA Youwei,MCCULLOCH M,et al.Daily clearness index profiles cluster analysis for photovoltaic system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2017,13(5):2322-2332.
[25]JIANG Quanyuan,HONG Haisheng.Wavelet-based capacity configuration and coordinated control of hybrid energy storage system for smoothing out wind power fluctuations[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1363-1372.
[26]HE Guannan,CHEN Qixin,KANG Chongqing,et al.Cooperation of wind power and battery storage to provide frequency regulation in power markets[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(5):3559-3568.
[2]陈逍潇,张粒子,杨萌,等.考虑光伏发电功率波动性的AGC备用容量分析方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):16-21.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150113005.CHEN Xiaoxiao,ZHANG Lizi,YANG Meng,et al.A method for AGC reserve capacity analysis considering photovoltaic power fluctuation characteristic[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(22):16-21.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150113005.
[3]DURRANI S,BALLUFF S,WURZER L,et al.Photovoltaic yield prediction using an irradiance forecast model based on multiple neural networks[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2018,6(2):255-267.
[4]SHIVASHANKAR S,MEKHILEF S,MOKHLIS H,et al.Mitigating methods of power fluctuation of photovoltaic(PV)sources-a review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,59:1170-1184.
[5]OMRAN W,KAZERANI M,SALAMA M.Investigation of methods for reduction of power fluctuations generated from large grid-connected photovoltaic systems[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2011,26(1):318-327.
[6]LAPPALAINEN K,VALKEALAHTI S.Output power variation of different PV array configurations during irradiance transitions caused by moving clouds[J].Applied Energy,2017,190:902-910.
[7]MARCOS J,IIGO D L P,GARCA M,et al.Control strategies to smooth short-term power fluctuations in large photovoltaic plants using battery storage systems[J].Energies,2014,7(10):6593-6619.
[8]MARCOS J,MARROYO L,LORENZO E,et al.Smoothing of PV power fluctuations by geographical dispersion[J].Progress in Photovoltaics:Research and Applications,2012,20(2):226-237.
[9]谢小英,李文军,宣文华,等.一种平抑光伏和负荷波动的电动汽车有序充放电策略[J].燕山大学学报,2015,39(4):352-356.XIE Xiaoying,LI Wenjun,XUAN Wenhua,et al.A method of smoothing PV and load fluctuation by organized changing discharging for electric vehicles[J].Journal of Yanshan University,2015,39(4):352-356.
[10]DARRAS C,MUSELLI M,POGGI P,et al.PV output power fluctuations smoothing:the MYRTE platform experience[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(19):14015-14025.
[11]KREEUMPORN W,NGAMROO I.Optimal superconducting coil integrated into PV generators for smoothing power and regulating voltage in distribution system with PHEVs[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2016,26(7):1-5.
[12]王子伊,马伟,胡若男.微电网功率波动快速平抑控制策略研究[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(9):2344-2348.WANG Ziyi,MA Wei,HU Ruonan.Power fluctuation stabilization control strategy of micro-grid[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(9):2344-2348.
[13]刘皓明,陆丹,杨波,等.可平抑高渗透分布式光伏发电功率波动的储能电站调度策略[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3213-3223.LIU Haoming,LU Dan,YANG Bo,et al.Dispatch strategy of energy storage station to smooth power fluctuations of high penetration photovoltaic generation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3213-3223.
[14]STROE D,KNAP V,SWIERCZYNSKI M,et al.Operation of a grid-connected lithium-ion battery energy storage system for primary frequency regulation:a battery lifetime perspective[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(1):430-438.
[15]FENG Xiaoshan,GU Jie,GUAN Xuefei.Optimal allocation of hybrid energy storage for microgrids based on multi-attribute utility theory[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2018,6(1):107-117.
[16]陈刚,袁越,傅质馨.储能电池平抑光伏发电波动的应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2014,26(2):27-31.CHEN Gang,YUAN Yue,FU Zhixin.Application of storage battery to restrain the photovoltaic power fluctuation[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2014,26(2):27-31.
[17]LIU Jingyu,ZHANG Lei.Strategy design of hybrid energy storage system for smoothing wind power fluctuations[J].Energies,2016,9(12):991.
[18]YU Hongwei,DUAN Jinhui,DU Wei,et al.China’s energy storage industry:develop status,existing problems and countermeasures[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2017,71:767-784.
[19]马伟,王玮,吴学智,等.光储协调互补平抑功率波动策略及经济性分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):730-737.MA Wei,WANG Wei,WU Xuezhi,et al.Coordinated control strategy of photovoltaics and energy storage for smoothing power fluctuations of photovoltaics and economic analysis[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(3):730-737.
[20]风电场接入电力系统技术规定:GB/T 19963-2011[S].2011.Technical rule for connecting wind farm to power system:GB/T 19963-2011[S].2011.
[21]吴杰,丁明.采用自适应小波包分解的混合储能平抑风电波动控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(3):7-12.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160607009.WU Jie,DING Ming.Wind power fluctuation smoothing strategy of hybrid energy storage system using self-adaptive wavelet packet decomposition[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(3):7-12.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160607009.
[22]EVANS A,STREZOV V,EVANS T.Assessment of utility energy storage options for increased renewable energy penetration[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(6):4141-4147.
[23]尹忠东,王帅,张元星,等.充电设施对电池管理系统保护需求响应评估[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(22):133-137.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170430001.YIN Zhongdong,WANG Shuai,ZHANG Yuanxing,et al.Response assessment of charging facilities to protection demands of battery management systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(22):133-137.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170430001.
[24]LAI Chunsing,JIA Youwei,MCCULLOCH M,et al.Daily clearness index profiles cluster analysis for photovoltaic system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2017,13(5):2322-2332.
[25]JIANG Quanyuan,HONG Haisheng.Wavelet-based capacity configuration and coordinated control of hybrid energy storage system for smoothing out wind power fluctuations[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1363-1372.
[26]HE Guannan,CHEN Qixin,KANG Chongqing,et al.Cooperation of wind power and battery storage to provide frequency regulation in power markets[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(5):3559-3568.
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