岷江上游流域土壤侵蚀风险评估
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摘要
针对岷江上游流域侵蚀现状、特点,在拟定评价指标的基础上,运用GIS加权叠加分析法探究了岷江上游流域侵蚀风险,得出如下结论:(1)陡坡占61.20%,年均降雨量差异较大,土壤土质疏松绵软,地震影响强度高;(2)中度以上侵蚀风险比例为89.31%,土壤侵蚀形势严峻;(3)中度侵蚀风险区主要分布在水网附近,与土地利用类型以及人类生产生活密切相关;重度风险区主要分布在岷江上游流域的西部、西南部和南部周边地区,与"5·12"汶川特大地震密切相关;(4)汶川、理县为重度风险侵蚀关键治理区,黑水、茂县、松潘为中度侵蚀风险治理区。
According to the current situation and characteristics of soil erosion in the upper reaches of Minjiang River,after determining the assessment indexes,we used the method of Weighted Superposition Analysis to explore the erosion risk.The results are as follows:(1)In the upper reaches of Minjiang River,steep slopes make up 61.20% of the area;annual rainfall varies significantly;the soil is loose and soft;the impact of earthquake is strong.(2)The ratio of moderate and above erosion risk was89.31%in the study area,indicating a serious soil erosion situation.(3)The moderate risk areas are mainly distributed near the water network,and are closely related to land use types and human activities;the high risk areas are mainly distributed in the west,southwest and south of the upper reaches of Minjiang River,and are closely connected with the Wenchuan Earthquake.(4)Wenchuan County and Lixian County are key management regions of high erosion risk,and Heishui County,Maoxian County,and Songpan County are management regions of moderate erosion risk.
According to the current situation and characteristics of soil erosion in the upper reaches of Minjiang River,after determining the assessment indexes,we used the method of Weighted Superposition Analysis to explore the erosion risk.The results are as follows:(1)In the upper reaches of Minjiang River,steep slopes make up 61.20% of the area;annual rainfall varies significantly;the soil is loose and soft;the impact of earthquake is strong.(2)The ratio of moderate and above erosion risk was89.31%in the study area,indicating a serious soil erosion situation.(3)The moderate risk areas are mainly distributed near the water network,and are closely related to land use types and human activities;the high risk areas are mainly distributed in the west,southwest and south of the upper reaches of Minjiang River,and are closely connected with the Wenchuan Earthquake.(4)Wenchuan County and Lixian County are key management regions of high erosion risk,and Heishui County,Maoxian County,and Songpan County are management regions of moderate erosion risk.
引文
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[9]伏耀龙.岷江上游干旱河谷区土壤质量评价及侵蚀特征研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.(FU Y L,Soil quality assessment and erosion characteristics in the arid valley area of the upper reaches of Minjiang River[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012.(in Chinese))
[10] WANG B,ZHENG F,GUAN Y.Improved USLE-K factor prediction:A case study on water erosion areas in China[J].International Soil&Water Conservation Research,2016,4(3):168-176.DOI:org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2016.08.003.
[11]张艳芳.Android手机Web地图服务的应用设计[D].南昌:南昌大学,2010.(ZHANG Y F.Application design of Android mobile phone Web map service[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2010.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7666/d.y1657049.
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[13] ZHANG L B,PENG F,LONG M,et al.Identifing source camera using guided image estimation and block weighted average[J].Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation,2017,48:471-479.DOI:org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2016.12.013.
[14]王维芳,尹铭昕,李国春,等.基于GIS的土壤侵蚀潜在危险性评价[J].森林工程,2014,30(3):1-5.(WANG W F,YI M X,LI G C,et al.Potential risk assessment of soil erosion based on[J].GIS forest engineering,2014,30(3):1-5.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-005X.2014.03.002.
[15]董起广,韩霁昌,张卫华,等.延安市土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究[J].人民黄河,2016,38(4):79-81.(DONG Q G,HAN J C,ZHANG W H,et al.Study on the relationship between land use and soil erosion in Yanan[J].Yellow River,2016,38(4):79-81.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2016.04.018.
[16]王玉,曹丽华,石玉晶.基于ArcGIS的山东省降雨量与土壤侵蚀相关性分析[J].城市建设理论研究,2013(24):6-10.(WANG Y,CAO L H,SHI Y J.Correlation analysis of rainfall and soil erosion in Shandong Province Based on ArcGIS[J].Theoretical Study of Urban Construction,2013(24):6-10.(in Chinese))
[17]顾璟冉,张兴奇,顾礼彬.黔西高原侵蚀性降雨特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):39-43.(GU J R,ZHANG X Q,GU L B.Analysis of erosive rainfall in Qianxi Plateau[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2016,23(2):39-43.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2016.02.008.
[18] MENG X Y,WANG H,WU Y P,et al.Investigating spatiotemporal changes of the land surface Processes in Xinjiang using high-resolution CLM3.5and CLDAS:Soil temperature[J].Scientific Reports.2017,7.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-10665-8.
[19] MENG X,WANG H.Significance of the China meteorological assimilation driving datasets for the SWAT model(CMADS)of East Asia[J].Water,2017,9(10):765.DOI:10.3390/w9100765.
[20]周宁,李超,琚存勇,等.黑龙江省土壤可蚀性K值特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):182-189.(ZHOU N,LI C,JU C Y,et al.Heilongjiang province soil characteristics analysis[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Value Map of k,2015,31(10):182-189.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.10.024.
[21]林芳,朱兆龙,曾全超.延河流域三种土壤可蚀性K值估算方法比较[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1-5.(LIN F,ZHU Z L,ZENG Q C.Comparison of three methods for estimating soil erosion K values of Yanhe River Basin[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2017,54(5):1-5.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11766/trxb201611290469.
[22]丁海容,李勇,闫亮.汶川地震驱动的灾害链对岷江上游输沙量的影响[J].成都理工大学学报,2013,40(6):712-720.(DING H R,LI Y,YAN L.The impact of Wenchuan earthquake driven disaster chain on the sediment transport in the upper reaches of Minjiang River[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2013,40(6):712-720.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2013.06.11.
[23]王钧,宇岩,欧国强.岷江上游汶川地震重灾区山洪灾害危险分区研究[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(1):54-60.(WANG J,YU Y,OU G Q.Flood disasters hit Minjiang River upstream of Wenchuan earthquake risk zoning research[J].Journal of Yangtze River ScientificResearchInstitute,2017,34(1):54-60.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20150956.
[24]高玉峰,谢康和,王朝晖,等.潜在震源区范围的不确定性对地震危险性分析结果的影响规律[J].科技通报,1999,16(4):259-262.(GAO Y F,XIE K,WANG Z H,et al.The influence of the uncertainty of the range of potential focal area on the results of seismic hazard analysis[J].scienceandTechnologyBulletin,1999,16(4):259-262.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7119.1999.04.003.
[25]邬铃莉,杨文涛,王云琦.基于WEPP模型的水土保持措施因子与侵蚀量关系研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):955-960.(WU L L,YANG W T,WANG Y Q.Study on the relationship between soil and water conservation measures and erosion based on WEPP model[J].Soil Bulletin,2017,48(4):955-960.(in Chinese))DOI:10.19336/j
[2] GUERRA A J T,FULLEN M A,SHOKR M S,et al.Slope processes,mass movement and soil erosion:A review[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(1):27-41.DOI:10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60294-7.
[3]蔡卓杰,卢远,谢坤坚.广西人类活动对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].中国水土保持,2017(2):51-53.(CAI Z J,LU Y,XIE K J.Effects of human activities on soil erosion in Guangxi[J].China Soil and Water Conservation,2017,2:51-53.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14123/j.cnki.swcc.2017.0042.
[4] FANG N F,WANG L,SHI Z H.Runoff and soil erosion of field plots in a subtropical mountainous region of China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2017,552:387-395.DOI:org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.06.048.
[5] PHAM T G,DEGENER J,KAPPAS M.Integrated universal soil loss equation(USLE)and Geographical Information System(GIS)for soil erosion estimation in A Sap basin:Central Vietnam[J].International Soil and Water Conservation Research,2018,6(2):99-110.DOI.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.01.001.
[6]钱庆欢,白晓永,周德全,等.基于RULSE模型的北盘江流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].人民珠江,2018,39(2):19-25.(QIAN Q H,BAI X Y,ZHOU D Q,et al.Study on soil erosion in the North Pan River basin based on RULSE model[J].People′s Pearl River,2018,39(2):19-25.(in Chinese))DOI:11.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2018.02.005.
[7] ZHANG H,ZHANG R,QI F,et al.The CSLE model based soil erosion prediction:Comparisons of sampling density and extrapolation method at the county level[J].Catena,2018,165(4):465-472.DOI.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.02.007.
[8]陈金月,王石英.岷江流域上游生态环境脆弱性评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(3):471-479.(CHEN J Y,WANG S Y.Assessment of eco-environmental vulnerability in the upper reaches of Minjiang River[J].Resources and Environment in the YangtzeRiver Basin,2017,26(3):471-479.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201703018.
[9]伏耀龙.岷江上游干旱河谷区土壤质量评价及侵蚀特征研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.(FU Y L,Soil quality assessment and erosion characteristics in the arid valley area of the upper reaches of Minjiang River[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2012.(in Chinese))
[10] WANG B,ZHENG F,GUAN Y.Improved USLE-K factor prediction:A case study on water erosion areas in China[J].International Soil&Water Conservation Research,2016,4(3):168-176.DOI:org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2016.08.003.
[11]张艳芳.Android手机Web地图服务的应用设计[D].南昌:南昌大学,2010.(ZHANG Y F.Application design of Android mobile phone Web map service[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2010.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7666/d.y1657049.
[12] YANG H,LUO P,WANG J,et al.Ecosystem evapotranspiration as a response to climate and vegetation coverage changes in Northwest Yunnan,China[J].Plos One,2015,10(8):1-17.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0134795.
[13] ZHANG L B,PENG F,LONG M,et al.Identifing source camera using guided image estimation and block weighted average[J].Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation,2017,48:471-479.DOI:org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2016.12.013.
[14]王维芳,尹铭昕,李国春,等.基于GIS的土壤侵蚀潜在危险性评价[J].森林工程,2014,30(3):1-5.(WANG W F,YI M X,LI G C,et al.Potential risk assessment of soil erosion based on[J].GIS forest engineering,2014,30(3):1-5.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-005X.2014.03.002.
[15]董起广,韩霁昌,张卫华,等.延安市土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究[J].人民黄河,2016,38(4):79-81.(DONG Q G,HAN J C,ZHANG W H,et al.Study on the relationship between land use and soil erosion in Yanan[J].Yellow River,2016,38(4):79-81.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2016.04.018.
[16]王玉,曹丽华,石玉晶.基于ArcGIS的山东省降雨量与土壤侵蚀相关性分析[J].城市建设理论研究,2013(24):6-10.(WANG Y,CAO L H,SHI Y J.Correlation analysis of rainfall and soil erosion in Shandong Province Based on ArcGIS[J].Theoretical Study of Urban Construction,2013(24):6-10.(in Chinese))
[17]顾璟冉,张兴奇,顾礼彬.黔西高原侵蚀性降雨特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):39-43.(GU J R,ZHANG X Q,GU L B.Analysis of erosive rainfall in Qianxi Plateau[J].Soil and Water Conservation Research,2016,23(2):39-43.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2016.02.008.
[18] MENG X Y,WANG H,WU Y P,et al.Investigating spatiotemporal changes of the land surface Processes in Xinjiang using high-resolution CLM3.5and CLDAS:Soil temperature[J].Scientific Reports.2017,7.(in Chinese))DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-10665-8.
[19] MENG X,WANG H.Significance of the China meteorological assimilation driving datasets for the SWAT model(CMADS)of East Asia[J].Water,2017,9(10):765.DOI:10.3390/w9100765.
[20]周宁,李超,琚存勇,等.黑龙江省土壤可蚀性K值特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(10):182-189.(ZHOU N,LI C,JU C Y,et al.Heilongjiang province soil characteristics analysis[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Value Map of k,2015,31(10):182-189.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.10.024.
[21]林芳,朱兆龙,曾全超.延河流域三种土壤可蚀性K值估算方法比较[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1-5.(LIN F,ZHU Z L,ZENG Q C.Comparison of three methods for estimating soil erosion K values of Yanhe River Basin[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2017,54(5):1-5.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11766/trxb201611290469.
[22]丁海容,李勇,闫亮.汶川地震驱动的灾害链对岷江上游输沙量的影响[J].成都理工大学学报,2013,40(6):712-720.(DING H R,LI Y,YAN L.The impact of Wenchuan earthquake driven disaster chain on the sediment transport in the upper reaches of Minjiang River[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,2013,40(6):712-720.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2013.06.11.
[23]王钧,宇岩,欧国强.岷江上游汶川地震重灾区山洪灾害危险分区研究[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(1):54-60.(WANG J,YU Y,OU G Q.Flood disasters hit Minjiang River upstream of Wenchuan earthquake risk zoning research[J].Journal of Yangtze River ScientificResearchInstitute,2017,34(1):54-60.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20150956.
[24]高玉峰,谢康和,王朝晖,等.潜在震源区范围的不确定性对地震危险性分析结果的影响规律[J].科技通报,1999,16(4):259-262.(GAO Y F,XIE K,WANG Z H,et al.The influence of the uncertainty of the range of potential focal area on the results of seismic hazard analysis[J].scienceandTechnologyBulletin,1999,16(4):259-262.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7119.1999.04.003.
[25]邬铃莉,杨文涛,王云琦.基于WEPP模型的水土保持措施因子与侵蚀量关系研究[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):955-960.(WU L L,YANG W T,WANG Y Q.Study on the relationship between soil and water conservation measures and erosion based on WEPP model[J].Soil Bulletin,2017,48(4):955-960.(in Chinese))DOI:10.19336/j
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