管制员疲劳前后注视转移规律性探究
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摘要
目的探究管制员疲劳前后在模拟管制任务中各区域的注视特征变化规律。方法利用塔台管制模拟软件和眼动仪搭建实验平台,记录受试者管制过程的眼动数据、主观疲劳状态和脑电变化信号;通过受试者主观报告KSS值与脑电变化共同判断疲劳,探究疲劳前后注视转移的差异。结果与正常状态相对比,受试者疲劳后在各兴趣区内部的注视一步转移概率明显增大(P<0.05),在多个输入型兴趣区之间注视一步转移概率明显减小(P<0.05),输入型兴趣区与输出型兴趣区之间的注视一步转移概率变化不明显。结论管制员疲劳导致其注视转移规律发生变化,存在管制行为差错的风险。
Objective To study the characteristics of gaze transition in air traffic controllers during simulated air traffic control tasks before and after fatigue.Methods The experimental platform was built using the simulated tower control software and the eye tracker.The eye movement data of the air traffic controller during the simulated control process,the subjective fatigue state of the subjects and the EEG change signals were recorded.The subjective report KSS value and EEG changes were used to judge fatigue.Then the difference of gaze transfer law before and after fatigue was studied.Results Compared with the normal state,the probability of one-step transition in a single interest region after the fatigue was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the probability of one-step transition between the multiple interest regions of the information input was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The onestep transition probability between input type interest region and output type interest region varied insignificantly.Conclusion Fatigue can lead to the changes in attention transition of controllers and there are some risks in behavior errors.
Objective To study the characteristics of gaze transition in air traffic controllers during simulated air traffic control tasks before and after fatigue.Methods The experimental platform was built using the simulated tower control software and the eye tracker.The eye movement data of the air traffic controller during the simulated control process,the subjective fatigue state of the subjects and the EEG change signals were recorded.The subjective report KSS value and EEG changes were used to judge fatigue.Then the difference of gaze transfer law before and after fatigue was studied.Results Compared with the normal state,the probability of one-step transition in a single interest region after the fatigue was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the probability of one-step transition between the multiple interest regions of the information input was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The onestep transition probability between input type interest region and output type interest region varied insignificantly.Conclusion Fatigue can lead to the changes in attention transition of controllers and there are some risks in behavior errors.
引文
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[15]靳慧斌,卫康凯,刘文辉,等.基于离散时间马尔科夫链的塔台管制员注视转移差异性研究[J].中国科技论文,2016,11(19):2225-2229.Jin HB,Wei KK,Liu WH,et al.Difference study of gaze transition for tower controllers based on discrete time Markov chain[J].China Science Paper,2016,11(19):2225-2229.
[2] Roske-Hofstrand.Raising awareness for fatigue among air traffic controllers[C]//Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology,Ohio State University,Columbus,OH,1995.
[3]卜建,刘银鑫,王艳军.空中交通管制员的眼动行为与疲劳关系[J].航空学报,2017,38(S1):57-62.Bu J,Liu YX,Wang YJ.Relationship between air traffic controllers’eye movement and fatigue[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2017,38(S1):57-62.
[4]白杰,葛祥雨,杨坤.飞行员探测跑道入侵的眼动模式分析[J].航天医学与医学工程,2017,30(5):327-332.Bai J,Ge XY,Yang K.Analysis of eye movement patterns in pilot’s detection of runway incursion[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,2017,30(5):327-332
[5] Wickens CD,Mccarley JS. Applied Attention Theory[M].BocaRaton:Chemical Rubber Company Press,2007.
[6]王超,于超博,王敏.基于注意力分配的管制员调配飞行冲突认知过程研究[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(4):205-209.Wang C,Yu CB,Wang M.On the cognitive process of the air traffic controllers for the growing flight conflicts based on the attention distribution[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(4):205-209.
[7] Moore K,Gugerty L.Development of a novel measure of situation awareness:The case for eye movement analysis[C]//Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting.SAGE Publications,2010:1650-1654.
[8] Lokhande K,Reynolds HJD.Cognitive workload and visual attention analyses of the air traffic control tower flight data manager(TFDM)prototype demonstration[J].Proceedings of the Human Factors&Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting,2012,56(1):105-109.
[9] Kang Z,Landry SJ.An Eye Movement analysis algorithm for a multielement target tracking task:Maximum transition-based agglomerative hierarchical clustering[J].IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems,2015,45(1):13-24.
[10] Mollard R,Cabon P,Bourgeois-Bougrine S,et al.Measurement of fatigue and sleepiness in ATC simulation[J].Proceedings of the Human Factors&Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting,2000,44(19):208-211.
[11]范晓丽,牛海燕,周前祥,等.基于EEG的脑力疲劳特征研究[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(7):1406-1413.Fan XL,Niu HY,Zhou QX,et al.Mental fatigue characteristics based on EEG analysis[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2016,42(7):1406-1413.
[12] Brookhuis KA,De WD.The use of psychophysiology to assess driver status[J].Ergonomics,1993,36(9):1099-1110.
[13] Jap BT,Fischer P,Fischer P,et al.Using EEG spectral components to assess algorithms for detecting fatigue[J].Expert Systems with Applications an International Journal,2009,36(2):2352-2359.
[14]王福旺,王宏.长途客车驾驶员疲劳状态脑电特征分析[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(5):1146-1152.Wang FW, Wang H.EEG characteristics analysis of coach bus drivers in fatigue state[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(5):1146-1152.
[15]靳慧斌,卫康凯,刘文辉,等.基于离散时间马尔科夫链的塔台管制员注视转移差异性研究[J].中国科技论文,2016,11(19):2225-2229.Jin HB,Wei KK,Liu WH,et al.Difference study of gaze transition for tower controllers based on discrete time Markov chain[J].China Science Paper,2016,11(19):2225-2229.
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