固溶温度对激光增材制造Inconel 718合金组织和性能的影响
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摘要
目的探索激光增材制造Inconel718高温合金最理想的固溶处理制度。方法利用激光增材制造技术制备了Inconel 718合金,通过组织观察(光学显微镜和扫描电镜)、能谱分析和维氏硬度测试等方法,研究了固溶温度对其组织、析出相及硬度的影响。结果不同固溶温度对Inconel 718的晶粒尺寸有很大影响。在固溶温度1000℃下保温1 h,沉积层开始出现再结晶现象。当固溶温度继续增加到1080℃时,与沉积态的组织相比,晶粒明显细化且再结晶过程基本完成。此外,不同固溶温度条件下,Inconel718的相析出和溶解行为也有所差异。固溶温度为940℃时,在未溶解的Laves相周围存在明显的δ相,当固溶温度继续提高时,δ相由于固溶作用而数量减少。另外,不同固溶温度处理后的合金显微硬度也表现出规律变化。当固溶温度为940℃时,试样硬度高于沉积态硬度,但是随着固溶温度持续升高,合金的显微硬度开始迅速下降并低于沉积态硬度,1050℃时保持稳定;当温度高于1150℃时,显微硬度继续迅速下降。结论激光增材制造Inconel718合金的热处理制度不同于铸造和锻造的热处理制度,其较为理想的固溶制度为1080～1150℃保温1 h。
The work aims to explore the ideal solution treatment regimens of Inconel 718 alloy produced via laser additivemanufacturing technology. Inconel 718 alloy was prepared by laser additive manufacturing technology and the effect of differentsolid solution temperature on the microstructure, precipitation phases and hardness of as-deposited Inconel 718 were investi-gated by microstructure observation(optical microscope and scanning electron microscope), energy spectrum analysis andVickers hardness test. The solution temperature had a significant effect on the grain size of as-deposited Inconel 718. When thesolid solution temperature was 1000 ℃, recrystallization occurred on the as-deposited coating after holding for 1 h. When thesolution temperature increased to 1080 ℃, the grain size was refined compared with the as-deposited microstructure, and the re-crystallization process was completed. In addition, the precipitation and dissolution behavior of as-deposited Inconel 718 wasalso different under different solution temperature. When the solution temperature was 940 ℃, there were some obvious δphases around the Laves phase. However, when the solution temperature continued to increase, the content of δ phase decreasedsignificantly due to solution treatment. Also, the microhardness of the alloy was related to the solution temperature. When thesolid solution temperature was 940 ℃, the hardness of the alloy was higher than that of the as-deposited Inconel 718. However,with the increase of the solid solution temperature, the hardness of the alloy began to decrease rapidly which was lower than thatof the as-deposited one, and kepts table when the temperature was 1050 ℃. However, when the temperature was over 1150 ℃,the microhardness continued to drop rapidly. The heat treatment regimens of as-deposited Inconel 718 alloy is different from thatof the conventional cast and wrought alloy. The ideal solution temperature of as-deposited Inconel 718 alloy is between 1080 ℃and 1150 ℃ for one hour.
The work aims to explore the ideal solution treatment regimens of Inconel 718 alloy produced via laser additivemanufacturing technology. Inconel 718 alloy was prepared by laser additive manufacturing technology and the effect of differentsolid solution temperature on the microstructure, precipitation phases and hardness of as-deposited Inconel 718 were investi-gated by microstructure observation(optical microscope and scanning electron microscope), energy spectrum analysis andVickers hardness test. The solution temperature had a significant effect on the grain size of as-deposited Inconel 718. When thesolid solution temperature was 1000 ℃, recrystallization occurred on the as-deposited coating after holding for 1 h. When thesolution temperature increased to 1080 ℃, the grain size was refined compared with the as-deposited microstructure, and the re-crystallization process was completed. In addition, the precipitation and dissolution behavior of as-deposited Inconel 718 wasalso different under different solution temperature. When the solution temperature was 940 ℃, there were some obvious δphases around the Laves phase. However, when the solution temperature continued to increase, the content of δ phase decreasedsignificantly due to solution treatment. Also, the microhardness of the alloy was related to the solution temperature. When thesolid solution temperature was 940 ℃, the hardness of the alloy was higher than that of the as-deposited Inconel 718. However,with the increase of the solid solution temperature, the hardness of the alloy began to decrease rapidly which was lower than thatof the as-deposited one, and kepts table when the temperature was 1050 ℃. However, when the temperature was over 1150 ℃,the microhardness continued to drop rapidly. The heat treatment regimens of as-deposited Inconel 718 alloy is different from thatof the conventional cast and wrought alloy. The ideal solution temperature of as-deposited Inconel 718 alloy is between 1080 ℃and 1150 ℃ for one hour.
引文
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[13]SUI S,ZHONG C L,CHEN J,et al.Influence of solution heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of Inconel 718 formed by high-deposition-rate laser metal deposition[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,2018,740:389-399.
[14]ZHONG C,GASSER A,KITTEL J,et al.Improvement of material performance of Inconel 718 formed by high deposition rate laser metal deposition[J].Materials&design,2016,98:128-134.
[15]STEVENS E L,TOMAN J,TOA C,et al.Variation of hardness,microstructure,and laves phase distribution in direct laser deposited alloy 718 cuboids[J].Materials&design,2017,119:188-198.
[16]张麦仓,曹国鑫,董建新,等.基于经典动态模型的GH4169合金钢锭中Laves相的回溶规律分析[J].金属学报,2013,49(3):372-378.ZHANG Mai-cang,CAO Guo-xin,DONG Jian-xin,et al.Investigations on dissolution mechanism of Laves phase in GH4169 alloy ingot based on classical dynamical model[J].Acta metallurgica sinica,2013,49(3):372-378.
[17]蔡大勇,张伟红,刘文昌,等.Inconel718合金中δ相溶解动力学及对缺口敏感性的影响[J].有色金属工程,2003,55(1):4-7.CAI Da-yong,ZHANG Wei-hong,LIU Wen-chang,et al.Dissolution kinetics ofδphase and effect on notch sensitivity of Inconel 718[J].Nonferrous metals,2003,55(1):4-7.
[18]徐富家.Inconel625合金等离子弧快速成形组织控制及工艺优化[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.XU Fu-Jia.Microstructure control and process optimization of Inconel 625 alloy fabricated by plasma arc rapid prototyping[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[2]齐欢.IN718(GH4169)高温合金的发展与工艺[J].材料工程,2012(8):92-100.QI Huan.Review of Inconel 718 alloy:It’s history,properties,processing and developing substitutes[J].Journal of materials engineering,2012(8):92-100.
[3]CHEN Y,LU F,ZHANG K,et al.Dendritic microstructure and hot cracking of laser additive manufactured Inconel 718 under improved base cooling[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,2016,670:312-321.
[4]张尧成.激光熔覆INCONEL 718合金涂层的成分偏聚与强化机理研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013.ZHANG Yao-cheng.Studies on component segregation and strengthening mechanism of laser cladding Inconel718 alloy coating[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2013.
[5]MEI Y,LIU Y,LIU C,et al.Effect of base metal and welding speed on fusion zone microstructure and HAZhot cracking of electron-beam welded Inconel 718[J].Materials&design,2016,89:964-977.
[6]XIAO H,LI S,HAN X,et al.Laves phase control of Inconel 718 alloy using quasi-continuous-wave laser additive manufacturing[J].Materials&design,2017,122:330-339.
[7]ZHANG Y C,LI Z,NIE P,et al.Effect of heat treatment on niobium segregation of laser-cladded IN718 alloy coating[J].Metallurgical and materials transactions A,2012,44(2):708-716.
[8]TUCHO W M,CUVILLIER P,SJOLYST-KVERNEL-AND A,et al.Microstructure and hardness studies of Inconel 718 manufactured by selective laser melting before and after solution heat treatment[J].Materials science and engineering A,2017,689:220-232.
[9]李栋,张群莉,张杰,等.不同气氛对激光熔覆IN718涂层形貌、组织与性能的影响[J].表面技术,2018,47(7):185-190LI Dong,ZHANG Qun-li,ZHANG Jie,et al.Influence of carrier and shielding gases on the morphology and microstructure of IN718 coating prepared via laser cladding[J].Surface technology,2018,47(7):185-190.
[10]ZHANG Qun-li,YAO Jian-hua,MAZUMDER J.Laser direct metal deposition technology and microstructure and composition segregation of Inconel 718 superalloy[J].Journal of iron and steel research international,2011,18(4):73-78.
[11]CHLEBUS E,GRUBER K,KU?NICKA B,et al.Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 processed by selective laser melting[J].Materials science&engineering A,2015,639:647-655.
[12]LIU F C,LIN X,ZHAO W W,et al.Effects of solution treatment temperature on microstructures and properties of laser solid forming GH4169 superalloy[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2010,39(9):1519-1524.
[13]SUI S,ZHONG C L,CHEN J,et al.Influence of solution heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of Inconel 718 formed by high-deposition-rate laser metal deposition[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,2018,740:389-399.
[14]ZHONG C,GASSER A,KITTEL J,et al.Improvement of material performance of Inconel 718 formed by high deposition rate laser metal deposition[J].Materials&design,2016,98:128-134.
[15]STEVENS E L,TOMAN J,TOA C,et al.Variation of hardness,microstructure,and laves phase distribution in direct laser deposited alloy 718 cuboids[J].Materials&design,2017,119:188-198.
[16]张麦仓,曹国鑫,董建新,等.基于经典动态模型的GH4169合金钢锭中Laves相的回溶规律分析[J].金属学报,2013,49(3):372-378.ZHANG Mai-cang,CAO Guo-xin,DONG Jian-xin,et al.Investigations on dissolution mechanism of Laves phase in GH4169 alloy ingot based on classical dynamical model[J].Acta metallurgica sinica,2013,49(3):372-378.
[17]蔡大勇,张伟红,刘文昌,等.Inconel718合金中δ相溶解动力学及对缺口敏感性的影响[J].有色金属工程,2003,55(1):4-7.CAI Da-yong,ZHANG Wei-hong,LIU Wen-chang,et al.Dissolution kinetics ofδphase and effect on notch sensitivity of Inconel 718[J].Nonferrous metals,2003,55(1):4-7.
[18]徐富家.Inconel625合金等离子弧快速成形组织控制及工艺优化[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.XU Fu-Jia.Microstructure control and process optimization of Inconel 625 alloy fabricated by plasma arc rapid prototyping[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
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