桂林毛村不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸空间变异特征
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摘要
为了研究岩溶非岩溶交错区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸的空间变异特征及其影响因素,在桂林毛村进行野外观测试验,测定了土壤呼吸速率、δ~(13)C-CO_2值及相应的环境、土壤、植被因子,分析了土壤呼吸的空间变异性及与这些因子之间的关系.结果表明,土壤呼吸速率变化范围为1. 39～5. 31μmol·(m2·s)-1,最高值约为最低值的3. 8倍.毛村不同岩性区下土地利用方式的变化对土壤呼吸具有重要影响,相同岩性区土地利用方式改变前G2点松树林的土壤呼吸速率约为半坡毁林后G1点沙糖桔园的2. 3倍.土壤呼吸导致大气中CO_2浓度增高及δ~(13)C-CO_2值降低,并且两者之间的统计关系可以用反比例函数来描述.结果还发现,在水热条件与全年均值较接近的4月中旬,土地利用方式对土壤呼吸的影响要大于土壤温度、土壤湿度等环境因子.土地利用方式造成的土壤有机碳含量不同是影响土壤呼吸空间变异性的关键因子.在所有观测的生态系统中,土壤呼吸与有机碳含量和全氮含量之间的关系可以用二元线性回归方程描述,并能解释土壤呼吸92. 5%的空间变异性.
To investigate the factors influencing the spatial variability in soil respiration among different land use patterns in a karst non-karst interactive distribution area,field experiments were conducted in Maocun Village,Guilin. Soil respiration,δ~(13)C-CO_2 value,and relevant environment,vegetation,and soil factors were measured. The spatial variability in soil respiration and the relationship between soil respiration and these measured factors were examined. The results indicated that soil respiration rates ranged from 1. 39μmol·( m2·s)-1 to 5. 31 μmol·( m2·s)-1,with the highest value being approximately 3. 8 times the minimum. Soil respiration varied significantly among different land use patterns under different lithology zones. The soil respiration rate of the G2 pines in the same lithology area was 2. 3 times higher than that in the orchard G1 point after the destruction of the forest. The soil respiration caused an increase in CO_2 concentration in the atmosphere and a decrease in the δ~(13)C-CO_2 value; the relationship between the two could be described by an inverse proportional function. The study found that in mid-April,the average water heat condition was close to that of the entire year. The difference in soil organic carbon content caused by land use was a driving factor of the spatial variability in soil respiration. In all ecosystems studied,the relationship between soil respiration and soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen content could be described by a two-element linear regression equation and explained 92. 8% of the spatial variability in soil respiration.
To investigate the factors influencing the spatial variability in soil respiration among different land use patterns in a karst non-karst interactive distribution area,field experiments were conducted in Maocun Village,Guilin. Soil respiration,δ~(13)C-CO_2 value,and relevant environment,vegetation,and soil factors were measured. The spatial variability in soil respiration and the relationship between soil respiration and these measured factors were examined. The results indicated that soil respiration rates ranged from 1. 39μmol·( m2·s)-1 to 5. 31 μmol·( m2·s)-1,with the highest value being approximately 3. 8 times the minimum. Soil respiration varied significantly among different land use patterns under different lithology zones. The soil respiration rate of the G2 pines in the same lithology area was 2. 3 times higher than that in the orchard G1 point after the destruction of the forest. The soil respiration caused an increase in CO_2 concentration in the atmosphere and a decrease in the δ~(13)C-CO_2 value; the relationship between the two could be described by an inverse proportional function. The study found that in mid-April,the average water heat condition was close to that of the entire year. The difference in soil organic carbon content caused by land use was a driving factor of the spatial variability in soil respiration. In all ecosystems studied,the relationship between soil respiration and soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen content could be described by a two-element linear regression equation and explained 92. 8% of the spatial variability in soil respiration.
引文
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[13]袁道先.地质作用与碳循环研究的回顾和展望[J].科学通报,2011,56(26):2157.
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[15]汪进良.桂林毛村地下河出口电导率及NO-3动态变化研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2005.
[16]张陶,李建鸿,蒲俊兵,等.桂江流域夏季水-气界面CO2脱气的空间变化及其影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2773-2783.Zhang T,Li J H,Pu J B,et al.Spatial variations of co2degassing across water-air interface and its impact factors in summer in Guijiang river,China[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2773-2783.
[17]李丽,蒲俊兵,李建鸿,等.亚热带典型岩溶溪流水气界面CO2交换通量变化过程及其环境影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2487-2495.Li L,Pu J B,Li J H,et al.Variations of CO2exchange fluxes across water-air interface and environmental meaning in a surface stream in subtropical karst area,SW China[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2487-2495.
[18]Craig H.Isotopic variations in meteoric waters[J].Science,1961,133(3465):1702-1703.
[19]张柳明,徐永昌.中国西北地区大气CO2浓度及其碳、氧同位素组成特征[J].科学通报,1992,37(5):441-444.Zhang L M,Xu Y C.The characteristics of atmospheric COconcentration and its carbon-oxygen isotopic composition in Northwest China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992,37(5):441-444.
[20]Keeling C D.The concentration and isotopic abundances of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere[J].Tellus,2010,12(2):200-203.
[21]Inoue H,Sugimura Y.The carbon isotopic ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide at Tsukuba,Japan[J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,1985,2(4):331-344.
[22]赵景波,杜娟,袁道先,等.西安地区土壤CO2释放量和释放规律[J].环境科学,2002,23(1):22-25.Zhao J B,Du J,Yuan D X,et al.The release amount and its change law of Co2from soils in Xi'an area[J].Environmental Science,2002,23(1):22-25.
[23]Hibbard K A,Law B E,Reichstein M,et al.An analysis of soil respiration across northern hemisphere temperate ecosystems[J].Biogeochemistry,2005,73(1):29-70.
[24]周广胜,贾丙瑞,韩广轩,等.土壤呼吸作用普适性评估模型构建的设想[J].中国科学C辑:生命科学,2008,38(3):293-302.
[25]Bond-Lamberty B,Thomson A.Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record[J].Nature,2010,464(7288):579-582.
[26]Bahn M,Rodeghiero M,Anderson-Dunn M,et al.Soil respiration in european grasslands in relation to climate and assimilate supply[J].Ecosystems,2008,11(8):1352-1367.
[27]刘绍辉,方精云.土壤呼吸的影响因素及全球尺度下温度的影响[J].生态学报,1997,17(5):469-476.Liu S H,Fang J Y.Effect factors of soil respiration and the temperature's effects on soil respiration in the global scale[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1997,17(5):469-476.
[28]Pypker T G,Fredeen A L.Below ground CO2efflux from cut blocks of varying ages in sub-boreal British Columbia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,172(2-3):249-259.
[29]陈光水,杨玉盛,吕萍萍,等.中国森林土壤呼吸模式[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1748-1761.Chen G S,Yang Y S,Lu P P,et al.Regional patterns of soil respiration in China's forests[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(4):1748-1761.
[30]孙文娟,黄耀,陈书涛,等.作物生长和氮含量对土壤-作物系统CO2排放的影响[J].环境科学,2004,25(3):1-6.Sun W J,Huang Y,Chen S T,et al.CO2emission from soilcrop system as influenced by crop growth and tissue n content[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(3):1-6.
[31]Hanson P J,Edwards N T,Garten C T,et al.Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration:A review of methods and observations[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,48(1):115-146.
[32]赵竑绯,赵阳,徐小牛.不同土地利用对土壤有机碳储量及土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1738-1744.Zhao H F,Zhao Y,Xu X N.Effects of different land use types on soil organic carbon storage and soil respiration[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(7):1738-1744.
[33]Rodeghiero M,Cescatti A.Main determinants of forest soil respiration along an elevation/temperature gradient in the Italian Alps[J].Global Change Biology,2010,11(7):1024-1041.
[34]杨金艳,王传宽.东北东部森林生态系统土壤碳贮量和碳通量[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):2875-2882.Yang J Y,Wang C K.Soil carbon storage and flux of temperate forest ecosystems in northeastern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(11):2875-2882.
[35]宇万太,姜子绍,李新宇,等.不同土地利用方式对潮棕壤有机碳含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2760-2764.Yu W T,Jiang Z S,Li X Y,et al.Effects of land use type on soil organic carbon storage in aquic brown soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(12):2760-2764.
[2]陈书涛,刘巧辉,胡正华,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸空间变异的影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):1017-1025.Chen S T,Liu Q H,Hu Z H,et al.Factors influencing the spatial variability in soil respiration under different land use regimes[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(3):1017-1025.
[3]Jenkinson D S,Adams D E,Wild A.Model estimates of CO2emissions from soil in response to global warming[J].Nature,1991,351(6324):304-306.
[4]Fang C,Moncrieff J B,Gholz H L,et al.Soil CO2efflux and its spatial variation in a Florida slash pine plantation[J].Plant and Soil,1998,205(2):135-146.
[5]高金芳,周波,马涛,等.半干旱区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):89-93.Gao J F,Zhou B,Ma T,et al.Soil respiration characteristics under different land use patterns in semi-arid area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):89-93.
[6]付微,黄明斌,邵明安,等.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带不同立地条件下土壤呼吸特征[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):74-80.Fu W,Huang M B,Shao M A,et al.Soil respiration characteristics under different site conditions in wind-water crisscross erosion region on Loess Plateau[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(13):74-80.
[7]周洪华,李卫红,杨余辉,等.干旱区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸日变化差异及影响因素[J].地理科学,2011,31(2):190-196.Zhou H H,Li W H,Yang Y H,et al.Soil respiration variant and its effecting factors at different land use in arid land[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2011,31(2):190-196.
[8]王旭,周广胜,蒋延玲,等.长白山红松针阔混交林与开垦农田土壤呼吸作用比较[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(6):887-893.Wang X,Zhou G S,Jiang Y L,et al.Comparison of soil respiration in broad-leaved Korean pine forest and reclaimed cropland in Changbai mountains,China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(6):887-893.
[9]刘惠,赵平,林永标,等.华南丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2021-2027.Liu H,Zhao P,Lin Y B,et al.Soil respiration under different land-use types in a hilly area of South China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(12):2021-2027.
[10]马骏,唐海萍.内蒙古农牧交错区不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸速率及其温度敏感性变化[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(2):167-175.Ma J,Tang H P.Variations of soil respiration rate and its temperature sensitivity among different land use types in the agropastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(2):167-175.
[11]潘根兴,曹建华.表层带岩溶作用:以土壤为媒介的地球表层生态系统过程---以桂林峰丛洼地岩溶系统为例[J].中国岩溶,1999,18(4):289-296.Pan G X,Cao J H.Karstification in epikarst zone:the Earth surface ecosystem processes taking soil as a medium---case of the Yaji karst experiment site,Guilin[J].Carsologica Sinica,1999,18(4):289-296.
[12]刘再华.大气CO2两个重要的汇[J].科学通报,2000,45(21):2348-2351.Liu Z H.Two important sinks for atmospheric CO2[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(21):2348-2351.
[13]袁道先.地质作用与碳循环研究的回顾和展望[J].科学通报,2011,56(26):2157.
[14]袁道先.西南岩溶石山地区重大环境地质问题及对策研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.15-16.
[15]汪进良.桂林毛村地下河出口电导率及NO-3动态变化研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2005.
[16]张陶,李建鸿,蒲俊兵,等.桂江流域夏季水-气界面CO2脱气的空间变化及其影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(7):2773-2783.Zhang T,Li J H,Pu J B,et al.Spatial variations of co2degassing across water-air interface and its impact factors in summer in Guijiang river,China[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2773-2783.
[17]李丽,蒲俊兵,李建鸿,等.亚热带典型岩溶溪流水气界面CO2交换通量变化过程及其环境影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2487-2495.Li L,Pu J B,Li J H,et al.Variations of CO2exchange fluxes across water-air interface and environmental meaning in a surface stream in subtropical karst area,SW China[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2487-2495.
[18]Craig H.Isotopic variations in meteoric waters[J].Science,1961,133(3465):1702-1703.
[19]张柳明,徐永昌.中国西北地区大气CO2浓度及其碳、氧同位素组成特征[J].科学通报,1992,37(5):441-444.Zhang L M,Xu Y C.The characteristics of atmospheric COconcentration and its carbon-oxygen isotopic composition in Northwest China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1992,37(5):441-444.
[20]Keeling C D.The concentration and isotopic abundances of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere[J].Tellus,2010,12(2):200-203.
[21]Inoue H,Sugimura Y.The carbon isotopic ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide at Tsukuba,Japan[J].Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,1985,2(4):331-344.
[22]赵景波,杜娟,袁道先,等.西安地区土壤CO2释放量和释放规律[J].环境科学,2002,23(1):22-25.Zhao J B,Du J,Yuan D X,et al.The release amount and its change law of Co2from soils in Xi'an area[J].Environmental Science,2002,23(1):22-25.
[23]Hibbard K A,Law B E,Reichstein M,et al.An analysis of soil respiration across northern hemisphere temperate ecosystems[J].Biogeochemistry,2005,73(1):29-70.
[24]周广胜,贾丙瑞,韩广轩,等.土壤呼吸作用普适性评估模型构建的设想[J].中国科学C辑:生命科学,2008,38(3):293-302.
[25]Bond-Lamberty B,Thomson A.Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record[J].Nature,2010,464(7288):579-582.
[26]Bahn M,Rodeghiero M,Anderson-Dunn M,et al.Soil respiration in european grasslands in relation to climate and assimilate supply[J].Ecosystems,2008,11(8):1352-1367.
[27]刘绍辉,方精云.土壤呼吸的影响因素及全球尺度下温度的影响[J].生态学报,1997,17(5):469-476.Liu S H,Fang J Y.Effect factors of soil respiration and the temperature's effects on soil respiration in the global scale[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1997,17(5):469-476.
[28]Pypker T G,Fredeen A L.Below ground CO2efflux from cut blocks of varying ages in sub-boreal British Columbia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,172(2-3):249-259.
[29]陈光水,杨玉盛,吕萍萍,等.中国森林土壤呼吸模式[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1748-1761.Chen G S,Yang Y S,Lu P P,et al.Regional patterns of soil respiration in China's forests[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(4):1748-1761.
[30]孙文娟,黄耀,陈书涛,等.作物生长和氮含量对土壤-作物系统CO2排放的影响[J].环境科学,2004,25(3):1-6.Sun W J,Huang Y,Chen S T,et al.CO2emission from soilcrop system as influenced by crop growth and tissue n content[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(3):1-6.
[31]Hanson P J,Edwards N T,Garten C T,et al.Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration:A review of methods and observations[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,48(1):115-146.
[32]赵竑绯,赵阳,徐小牛.不同土地利用对土壤有机碳储量及土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1738-1744.Zhao H F,Zhao Y,Xu X N.Effects of different land use types on soil organic carbon storage and soil respiration[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(7):1738-1744.
[33]Rodeghiero M,Cescatti A.Main determinants of forest soil respiration along an elevation/temperature gradient in the Italian Alps[J].Global Change Biology,2010,11(7):1024-1041.
[34]杨金艳,王传宽.东北东部森林生态系统土壤碳贮量和碳通量[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):2875-2882.Yang J Y,Wang C K.Soil carbon storage and flux of temperate forest ecosystems in northeastern China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(11):2875-2882.
[35]宇万太,姜子绍,李新宇,等.不同土地利用方式对潮棕壤有机碳含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12):2760-2764.Yu W T,Jiang Z S,Li X Y,et al.Effects of land use type on soil organic carbon storage in aquic brown soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(12):2760-2764.
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