特厚煤层智能化综放开采理论与关键技术架构
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摘要
综放开采方法是我国特厚煤层矿区实现高产高效的主要技术途径,智能化综放开采是未来综放开采技术发展的重要方向。在分析千万吨级特厚煤层智能化综放开采技术和问题的基础上,围绕安全、高效、智能这一主题,综合考虑特厚煤层顶煤体和上覆岩层的相互作用,以掌握特厚顶煤冒放理论,实现综放工作面放煤智能化,降低含矸率、提高顶煤采出率为主导,提出要解决的关键科学问题和技术构想。针对综放开采存在的煤矸智能识别、智能放煤控制、"采-支-放-运"系统智能协调等主要难题,凝练出特厚煤层智能综放开采大尺度顶煤体破碎与冒放机理,特厚煤层智能化采放协调控制机理与方法,特厚煤层智能综放开采群组放煤过程控制原理三大科学问题。攻克特厚煤层群组协同智能放煤工艺决策技术,特厚煤层顶煤厚度与放煤量实时监测技术,冲击振动和高光谱融合的煤矸识别技术,多模式融合的智能化放煤装备及控制技术,综放工作面"采-支-放-运"系统智能协调控制技术五项关键技术。突破特厚煤层智能化综放开采技术与装备瓶颈,研发煤矸识别装置、开发智能放煤控制系统及软件,解决采放协调、煤矸识别、群组放煤等难题,创建年产1 500万t智能化综放开采示范工程。最终实现特厚煤层智能化综放开采,为我国特厚煤层的安全、高效开发提供可靠的技术支撑。
Fully-mechanized caving mining is the main technical way to achieve a high yield and high efficiency in coal production at extremely thick coal seam area in China.Intelligent fully-mechanized caving mining is one important development direction for fully-mechanized caving mining technology in the future. By analyzing the technology and problem of intelligent fully-mechanized caving mining in extremely thick coal seam with a ten-million-ton production level,this study focuses on the theme of safety,efficiency and intelligence,and the interaction between top coal body of extremely thick coal seam and overlying strata.Also,the study aims to understand the caving theory of extremely thick coal seam,realize intelligent caving mining in fully-mechanized caving face,reduce involving stone rate,and increase recovery rate.Therefore,the key scientific problems and technical ideas for solving the problems are proposed.To overcome the problems of the intelligent identification of coal gangue,the intelligent control of caving mining,and the intelligent coordination system of "mining-supporting-caving-transiting"in fully-mechanized caving mining,the study has condensed three scientific problems,i.e.,the crushing and caving mechanism of large scale top coal body,the method about the coordination control of intelligent mining and caving and the principle of caving control.The study has solved five key technological problems as follows:(1) the technology and decision technology of intelligent caving mining process of group collaborative in extremely thick coal seam;(2) the real-time monitoring technology of top coal thickness and caving coal quantity;(3) coal gangue detection technology which combined shock vibration with high spectra;(4) intelligent caving coal equipment and control technology of multimodal fusion;(5) intelligent coordination control technology of "mining-supporting-caving-transiting"system in a fully-mechanized caving mining face.This study overcomes the bottleneck of technology and equipment on intelligent fully-mechanized caving mining in extremely thick coal seam.As a result,the study has developed a coal gangue detection device,the control system and software of intelligent caving coal control,and solved the problems of mining and caving coordination,coal gangue detection and caving mining group.A demonstration project of intelligent fully mechanized caving mining with annual output of 15 million tons has been implemented.Finally,the intelligent fully-mechanized caving mining in extremely thick coal seam is realized,which provides a case and a reliable technical support for the future safe and efficient development of extremely thick coal seam.
Fully-mechanized caving mining is the main technical way to achieve a high yield and high efficiency in coal production at extremely thick coal seam area in China.Intelligent fully-mechanized caving mining is one important development direction for fully-mechanized caving mining technology in the future. By analyzing the technology and problem of intelligent fully-mechanized caving mining in extremely thick coal seam with a ten-million-ton production level,this study focuses on the theme of safety,efficiency and intelligence,and the interaction between top coal body of extremely thick coal seam and overlying strata.Also,the study aims to understand the caving theory of extremely thick coal seam,realize intelligent caving mining in fully-mechanized caving face,reduce involving stone rate,and increase recovery rate.Therefore,the key scientific problems and technical ideas for solving the problems are proposed.To overcome the problems of the intelligent identification of coal gangue,the intelligent control of caving mining,and the intelligent coordination system of "mining-supporting-caving-transiting"in fully-mechanized caving mining,the study has condensed three scientific problems,i.e.,the crushing and caving mechanism of large scale top coal body,the method about the coordination control of intelligent mining and caving and the principle of caving control.The study has solved five key technological problems as follows:(1) the technology and decision technology of intelligent caving mining process of group collaborative in extremely thick coal seam;(2) the real-time monitoring technology of top coal thickness and caving coal quantity;(3) coal gangue detection technology which combined shock vibration with high spectra;(4) intelligent caving coal equipment and control technology of multimodal fusion;(5) intelligent coordination control technology of "mining-supporting-caving-transiting"system in a fully-mechanized caving mining face.This study overcomes the bottleneck of technology and equipment on intelligent fully-mechanized caving mining in extremely thick coal seam.As a result,the study has developed a coal gangue detection device,the control system and software of intelligent caving coal control,and solved the problems of mining and caving coordination,coal gangue detection and caving mining group.A demonstration project of intelligent fully mechanized caving mining with annual output of 15 million tons has been implemented.Finally,the intelligent fully-mechanized caving mining in extremely thick coal seam is realized,which provides a case and a reliable technical support for the future safe and efficient development of extremely thick coal seam.
引文
[1]于斌,夏洪春,孟祥斌.特厚煤层综放开采顶煤成拱机理及除拱对策[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1617-1623.YU Bin,XIA Hongchun,MENG Xiangbin. Top coal arching mechanism and arch removal strategies in fully mechanized top coal caving mining of ultra-thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1617-1623.
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[6]王金华,黄乐亭,李首滨,等.综采工作面智能化技术与装备的发展[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1418-1423.WANG Jinhua,HUANG Leting,LI Shoubin,et al.Development of intelligent technology and equipment in fully-mechanized coal mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1418-1423.
[7]王虹.综采工作面智能化关键技术研究现状与发展方向[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(1):60-64.WANG Hong.Development orientation and research state on intelligent key technology in fully-mechanized coal mining face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(1):60-64.
[8]王金华,黄曾华.我国煤矿智能化采煤技术的最新发展[J].Engineering,2017,3(4):24-35.WANG Jinhua,HUANG Zenghua. The recent technological development of intelligent mining in china[J]. Engineering,2017,3(4):439-444.
[9]王国法,张德生.煤炭智能化综采技术创新实践与发展展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(3):459-467.WANG Guofa,ZHANG Desheng. Innovation practice and development prospect of intelligent fully mechanized technology for coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(3):459-467.
[10]王国法.综采自动化智能化无人化成套技术与装备发展方向[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(9):30-34.WANG Guofa. Development orientation of complete fully-mechanized automation,intelligent and unmanned mining technology and equipment[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(9):30-34.
[11]王国法.煤矿综采自动化成套技术与装备创新和发展[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(11):1-5.WANG Guofa.Innovation and development on automatic completed set technology and equipment of fully-mechanized coal mining face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(11):1-5.
[12]任怀伟,孟祥军,李政,等.8 m大采高综采工作面智能控制系统关键技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(11):37-44.REN Huaiwei,MENG Xiangjun,LI Zheng,et al.Study on key technology of intelligent control system applied in 8 meter large mining height fully-mechanized face[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(11):37-44.
[13] JONATHON C,RALSTON,ANDREW D,STRANGE. Developing selective mining capability for longwall shearers using thermal infrared-based seam tracking[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23(1):47-53.
[14]王金华.特厚煤层大采高综放开采关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(12):2089-2098.WANG Jinhua.Key technology for fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height in extra-thick coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(12):2089-2098.
[15]王金华,黄志增,于雷.特厚煤层综放开采顶煤体“三带”放煤理论与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):809-816.WANG Jinhua,HUANG Zhizeng,YU Lei. Three plies in top coal” theory and its application in top coal caving mining for ultra-thick coal seams[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):809-816.
[16]徐刚,宁宇,闫少宏.工作面上覆岩层蠕变活动对支架工作阻力的影响[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1354-1359.XU Gang,NING Yu,YAN Shaohong. Effect of overburden strata creep activities on working face support resistance[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1354-1359.
[17]解兴智,赵铁林.浅埋坚硬特厚煤层综放开采顶煤冒放结构分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):359-366.XIE Xingzhi,ZHAO Tielin. Analysis on the top-coal caving structure of extra-thick hard coalseam with shallow depth in fully mechanized sublevel caving mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):359-366.
[18]郭金刚.同煤集团千万吨级矿井群建设开发模式研究[J].中国矿业,2018,27(4):23-27.GUO Jingang. The construction and development model study on10 million tons mine cluster of Datong Coal Mine Group[J]. China Mining Magazine,2018,27(4):23-27.
[19]李化敏,蒋东杰,李东印.特厚煤层大采高综放工作面矿压及顶板破断特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1956-1960.LI Huamin,JIANG Dongjie,LI Dongyin.Analysis of ground pressure and roof movement in fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height in ultra-thick seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1956-1960.
[20]周英,南华,李化敏,等.特厚煤层分段综放开采动压机理与规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(4):388-391.ZHOU Ying,NAN Hua,LI Huaming,et al. Study of dynamic pressure mechanisms and laws of fully mechanized sub-level caving in extremely thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(4):388-391.
[21]何团,黄志增,李春睿,等.特厚煤层综放工作面侧向煤体应力时空演化特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(1):100-105.HE Tuan,HUANG Zhizeng,LI Chunrui,et al.Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of lateral coal stress in fully mechanized top coal caving mining working face in ultra-thick coal seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(1):100-105.
[22]闫少宏,徐刚,张学亮,等.特厚煤层综放工作面大面积切顶压架原因分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(6):14-18.YAN Shaohong,XU Gang,ZHANG Xueliang,et al.Reason analyses on large area roof cutting and collapse of hydraulic supports at fully-mechanized top coal caving mining face in ultra thick coal seams[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(6):14-18.
[23]黄志增.特厚煤层采空区下综放开采顶板岩层破断规律[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(7):60-62.HUANG Zhizeng.Study on laws of roof strata fracture of fully mechanized caving mining under goaf in ultra thick seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(7):60-62.
[24]于雷.大采高综放开采顶板活动规律与支架工作阻力确定研究[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2012.YU Lei.Research on roof movement rule and support working resistance determination of large mining height fully mechanized caving[D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2012.
[25]王家臣,魏立科,张锦旺,等.综放开采顶煤放出规律三维数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(11):1905-1911.WANG Jiachen,WEI Like,ZHANG Jinwang,et al.3-D numerical simulation on the top-coal movement law under caving mining technique[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(11):1905-1911.
[26]王世博,何亚,王世佳,等.刮板输送机调直方法与试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(11):3044-3050.WANG Shibo,HE Ya,WANG Shijia,et al. Study on the alignment method and experiment of scraper conveyor[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(11):3044-3050.
[2]朱卫兵,于斌.大空间采场远场关键层破断形式及其对矿压显现的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):99-104.ZHU Weibing,YU Bin.Breakage form and its effect on strata behavior of far field key stratum in large space stope[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):99-104.
[3]于斌,高瑞,孟祥斌,等.大空间远近场结构失稳矿压作用与控制技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(5):1134-1145.YU Bin,GAO Rui,MENG Xiangbin,et al. Near-far strata structure instability and associate strata behaviors in large space and corresponding control technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(5):1134-1145.
[4]于斌,朱卫兵,高瑞,等.特厚煤层综放开采大空间采场覆岩结构及作用机制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):571-580.YU Bin,ZHU Weibing,GAO Rui,et al. Strata structure and its effect mechanism of large space stope for fully-mechanized sublevel caving mining of extremely thick coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):571-580.
[5]于斌,段宏飞.特厚煤层高强度综放开采水力压裂顶板控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(4):778-785.YU Bin,DUAN Hongfei.Study of roof control by hydraulic fracturing in full-mechanized caving mining with high strength in extrathick coal layer[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(4):778-785.
[6]王金华,黄乐亭,李首滨,等.综采工作面智能化技术与装备的发展[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1418-1423.WANG Jinhua,HUANG Leting,LI Shoubin,et al.Development of intelligent technology and equipment in fully-mechanized coal mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1418-1423.
[7]王虹.综采工作面智能化关键技术研究现状与发展方向[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(1):60-64.WANG Hong.Development orientation and research state on intelligent key technology in fully-mechanized coal mining face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(1):60-64.
[8]王金华,黄曾华.我国煤矿智能化采煤技术的最新发展[J].Engineering,2017,3(4):24-35.WANG Jinhua,HUANG Zenghua. The recent technological development of intelligent mining in china[J]. Engineering,2017,3(4):439-444.
[9]王国法,张德生.煤炭智能化综采技术创新实践与发展展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(3):459-467.WANG Guofa,ZHANG Desheng. Innovation practice and development prospect of intelligent fully mechanized technology for coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(3):459-467.
[10]王国法.综采自动化智能化无人化成套技术与装备发展方向[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(9):30-34.WANG Guofa. Development orientation of complete fully-mechanized automation,intelligent and unmanned mining technology and equipment[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(9):30-34.
[11]王国法.煤矿综采自动化成套技术与装备创新和发展[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(11):1-5.WANG Guofa.Innovation and development on automatic completed set technology and equipment of fully-mechanized coal mining face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(11):1-5.
[12]任怀伟,孟祥军,李政,等.8 m大采高综采工作面智能控制系统关键技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(11):37-44.REN Huaiwei,MENG Xiangjun,LI Zheng,et al.Study on key technology of intelligent control system applied in 8 meter large mining height fully-mechanized face[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(11):37-44.
[13] JONATHON C,RALSTON,ANDREW D,STRANGE. Developing selective mining capability for longwall shearers using thermal infrared-based seam tracking[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23(1):47-53.
[14]王金华.特厚煤层大采高综放开采关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(12):2089-2098.WANG Jinhua.Key technology for fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height in extra-thick coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(12):2089-2098.
[15]王金华,黄志增,于雷.特厚煤层综放开采顶煤体“三带”放煤理论与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):809-816.WANG Jinhua,HUANG Zhizeng,YU Lei. Three plies in top coal” theory and its application in top coal caving mining for ultra-thick coal seams[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):809-816.
[16]徐刚,宁宇,闫少宏.工作面上覆岩层蠕变活动对支架工作阻力的影响[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1354-1359.XU Gang,NING Yu,YAN Shaohong. Effect of overburden strata creep activities on working face support resistance[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1354-1359.
[17]解兴智,赵铁林.浅埋坚硬特厚煤层综放开采顶煤冒放结构分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):359-366.XIE Xingzhi,ZHAO Tielin. Analysis on the top-coal caving structure of extra-thick hard coalseam with shallow depth in fully mechanized sublevel caving mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):359-366.
[18]郭金刚.同煤集团千万吨级矿井群建设开发模式研究[J].中国矿业,2018,27(4):23-27.GUO Jingang. The construction and development model study on10 million tons mine cluster of Datong Coal Mine Group[J]. China Mining Magazine,2018,27(4):23-27.
[19]李化敏,蒋东杰,李东印.特厚煤层大采高综放工作面矿压及顶板破断特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1956-1960.LI Huamin,JIANG Dongjie,LI Dongyin.Analysis of ground pressure and roof movement in fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height in ultra-thick seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1956-1960.
[20]周英,南华,李化敏,等.特厚煤层分段综放开采动压机理与规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(4):388-391.ZHOU Ying,NAN Hua,LI Huaming,et al. Study of dynamic pressure mechanisms and laws of fully mechanized sub-level caving in extremely thick coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(4):388-391.
[21]何团,黄志增,李春睿,等.特厚煤层综放工作面侧向煤体应力时空演化特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(1):100-105.HE Tuan,HUANG Zhizeng,LI Chunrui,et al.Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of lateral coal stress in fully mechanized top coal caving mining working face in ultra-thick coal seam[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2018,35(1):100-105.
[22]闫少宏,徐刚,张学亮,等.特厚煤层综放工作面大面积切顶压架原因分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(6):14-18.YAN Shaohong,XU Gang,ZHANG Xueliang,et al.Reason analyses on large area roof cutting and collapse of hydraulic supports at fully-mechanized top coal caving mining face in ultra thick coal seams[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(6):14-18.
[23]黄志增.特厚煤层采空区下综放开采顶板岩层破断规律[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(7):60-62.HUANG Zhizeng.Study on laws of roof strata fracture of fully mechanized caving mining under goaf in ultra thick seam[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(7):60-62.
[24]于雷.大采高综放开采顶板活动规律与支架工作阻力确定研究[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2012.YU Lei.Research on roof movement rule and support working resistance determination of large mining height fully mechanized caving[D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2012.
[25]王家臣,魏立科,张锦旺,等.综放开采顶煤放出规律三维数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(11):1905-1911.WANG Jiachen,WEI Like,ZHANG Jinwang,et al.3-D numerical simulation on the top-coal movement law under caving mining technique[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(11):1905-1911.
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