影响食品添加剂使用行为的主要因素的实证研究
|
摘要
厘清影响食品添加剂使用行为的主要因素对促进食品企业降低与食品添加剂相关的安全风险具有重要价值。本文基于江西省N市194家食品工业企业的调查数据,统计分析了食品添加剂的使用情况,采用有序多分类Logistic模型实证研究了影响食品添加剂使用行为的主要因素,并计算了显著影响因素的边际效应。研究结果显示:(1)食品添加剂的类型主要是甜味剂、防腐剂、着色剂、漂白剂和香料。食品添加剂的使用目的主要是改善口感、延长保质期,以及提高营养和改善外观。食品企业已认识到与食品添加剂相关的安全风险。但是,不同食品企业的食品添加剂使用行为存在明显的程度差异。(2)影响食品添加剂使用行为的主要因素是诚信体系、财政支持、处罚力度、抽检力度、忠告等柔性措施、协会指导、自律公约和媒体曝光。(3)不同因素的边际效应存在差异。其中,政府的忠告等柔性措施、抽检力度严厉,以及协会指导和培训是边际效应较大的三个因素。上述研究结果所蕴含的政策含义非常明显。防范食品添加剂的掺假和造假,就必须规范食品添加剂的使用行为。在加强抽检力度的基础上,政府要进行行政管理创新,落实柔性监管,运用非强制性手段进行引导和诱导,改变管理人员与普通员工的价值观和行为方式。此外,政府亟需推动企业建立并运行诚信管理体系,充分发挥行业协会的自律监管,降低媒体曝光的交易成本。
Clarifying the main factors that affect the use behavior of food additives is of great significance to promote food enterprises to reduce food safety risk related to food additives. Using the survey data of 194 food enterprises in N city of Jiangxi Province,this paper analyzes the use of food additives,studies the main factors affecting the use behavior of food additives by using an Ordered Multinomial Logistic Model,and calculates the marginal effect of significant factors. The results shows that:(1)the main types of food additives are sweeteners,preservatives,coloring agents,bleaching agents and spices. The purpose is to improve the taste,prolong the shelf life,improve nutrition and improve appearance. Food enterprises have recognized safety risks associated with food additives. However,there are obvious differences in the use of food additives among different enterprises.(2)The main factors that affect the use behavior of food additives are integrity system,financial support,punishment,the strength of the inspection,advice and other flexible measures,the guidance of the association,the self-discipline convention and the media exposure.(3)There are differences in the marginal effect of different factors. Among them,advice and other flexible measures,the strength of the inspection,and the guidance of the association are three factors that have a larger marginal effect. The policy implication of the findings is obvious. To prevent adulteration and fraud of food additives,it is necessary to standardize the use behavior of food additives. On the basis of strengthening the intensity of the test,the government should carry out flexible supervision for administrative management innovation,use the non-mandatory means to guide and induce the use,and change the values and behavior patterns of the managers and employees. In addition,the government needs to give full play to the 'self-regulation'of the industry association,promote enterprises to establish and operate the integrity management system,and reduce the transaction costs of the media exposure.
Clarifying the main factors that affect the use behavior of food additives is of great significance to promote food enterprises to reduce food safety risk related to food additives. Using the survey data of 194 food enterprises in N city of Jiangxi Province,this paper analyzes the use of food additives,studies the main factors affecting the use behavior of food additives by using an Ordered Multinomial Logistic Model,and calculates the marginal effect of significant factors. The results shows that:(1)the main types of food additives are sweeteners,preservatives,coloring agents,bleaching agents and spices. The purpose is to improve the taste,prolong the shelf life,improve nutrition and improve appearance. Food enterprises have recognized safety risks associated with food additives. However,there are obvious differences in the use of food additives among different enterprises.(2)The main factors that affect the use behavior of food additives are integrity system,financial support,punishment,the strength of the inspection,advice and other flexible measures,the guidance of the association,the self-discipline convention and the media exposure.(3)There are differences in the marginal effect of different factors. Among them,advice and other flexible measures,the strength of the inspection,and the guidance of the association are three factors that have a larger marginal effect. The policy implication of the findings is obvious. To prevent adulteration and fraud of food additives,it is necessary to standardize the use behavior of food additives. On the basis of strengthening the intensity of the test,the government should carry out flexible supervision for administrative management innovation,use the non-mandatory means to guide and induce the use,and change the values and behavior patterns of the managers and employees. In addition,the government needs to give full play to the 'self-regulation'of the industry association,promote enterprises to establish and operate the integrity management system,and reduce the transaction costs of the media exposure.
引文
[1]张红霞,安玉发.食品生产企业食品安全风险来源及防范策略——基于食品安全事件的内容分析[J].经济问题,2013(3):73-76.
[2]吴林海,徐玲玲,尹世久.中国食品安全发展报告2015[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015:425-435.
[3]XU L L,SHAN L J,ZHONG Y Q,et al. The public perception of the security risks of food additives and the main influencing factors:empirical investigation into Jiangsu[J]. Journal of dialectics of nature,2013,342(1):410-415.
[4]尹世久,高杨,吴林海.构建中国特色食品安全社会共治体系[M].北京:人民出版社,2017:63-64.
[5]ROUVIRE E,CASWELL A. From punishment to prevention:a French case study of the introduction of co-regulation in enforcing food safety[J]. Food policy,2012,37(3):246-254.
[6]MARTINEZ G,FEARNE A,CASWELL A,et al. Co-regulation as a possible model for food safety governance:opportunities for publicprivate partnerships[J]. Food policy,2007,32(3):299-314.
[7]FARINA E,REARDON T. Agrifood grades and standards in the extended mercosur:their role in the changing agrifood system[J].American journal of agricultural economics,2000,82(5):1170-1176.
[8]HAMMOUDI A,HOFFMANN R,SURRY Y. Food safety standards and agrifood supply chains:an introductory overview[J]. European review of agricultural economics,2009,36(4):469-478.
[9]OLLINGER M,MOORE L. The economic forces driving food safety quality in meat and poultry[J]. Review of agricultural economics,2008,30(2):289-310.
[10]SEGERSON K. Mandatory versus voluntary approaches to food safety[J]. Agribusiness,1999,15(1):53-70.
[11]HENSON S,HOLT G. Exploring incentives for the adoption of food safety controls:HACCP implementation in the U. K. dairy sector[J]. Review of agricultural economics,2010,22(2):407-420.
[12]CASWELL A. Valuing the benefits and costs of improved food safety and nutrition[J]. The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics,1998,42(4):409-424.
[13]JIANG Q,BATT J. Barriers and benefits to the adoption of a third party certified food safety management system in the food processing sector in Shanghai,China[J]. Food control,2016,62:89-96.
[14]ZHOU J H,JIN S H. Adoption of food safety and quality standards by China’s agricultural cooperatives[J]. Food control,2011,22(2):204-208.
[15]KARAMAN D,COBANOGLU F,TUNALIOGLU R,et al. Barriers and benefits of the implementation of food safety management systems among the Turkish dairy industry:a case study[J]. Food control,2012,25(2):732-739.
[16]HERATH D,HASSAN Z,HENSON S. Adoption of food safety and quality controls:do firm characteristics matter? evidence from the Canadian food processing sector[J]. Canadian journal of agricultural economics,2007,55(3):299-314.
[17]吴林海,张秋琴,山丽杰,等.影响企业食品添加剂使用行为关键因素的识别研究:基于模糊集理论的DEMATEL方法[J].系统工程,2012,30(7):48-54.
[18]WU L H,ZHANG Q Q,SHAN L J,et al. Identifying critical factors influencing the use of additives by food enterprises in China[J]. Food control,2013,31(2):425-432.
[19]张明华,温晋锋,刘增金.行业自律、社会监管与纵向协作——基于社会共治视角的食品安全行为研究[J].产业经济研究,2017(1):89-99.
[20]VLADIMIROV Z. Implementation of food safety management system in Bulgaria[J]. British food journal,2011,113(1):50-65.
[21]GALLIANO D,ROUX P. Organisational motives and spatial effects in internet adoption and intensity of use:evidence from French industrial firms[J]. The annals of regional science,2008,42(2):425-448.
[22]FOUAYZI H,CASWELL A,HOOKER H. Motivations of fresh-cut produce firms to implement quality management systems[J].Review of agricultural economics,2010,28(1):132-146.
[23]CELAYA C,ZABALA M,PREZ P,et al. The HACCP system implementation in small businesses of Madrid’s community[J].Food control,2007,18(10):1314-1321.
[24]UNNEVEHR L,JENSEN H. The economic implications of using HACCP as a food safety regulatory standard[J]. Food policy,1999,24(6):625-635.
[25]吴林海,朱淀,徐玲玲.果蔬业生产企业可追溯食品的生产意愿研究[J].农业技术经济,2012(10):120-127.
[26]CROWTHER J,HERD T,MICHELS M. Food safety education and awareness:a model training program for managers in the food industry[J]. Food control,1993,4(2):97-100.
[27]MACHEKA L,MANDITSERA A,NGADZE T,et al. Barriers,benefits and motivation factors for the implementation of food safety management system in the food sector in Harare Province,Zimbabwe[J]. Food control,2013,34(1):126-131.
[28]COLLINS T. Food adulteration and food safety in Britain in the 19th and early 20th centuries[J]. Food policy,1993,18(2):95-109.
[29]WU S L. Factors influencing the implementation of food safety control systems in Taiwanese international tourist hotels[J]. Food control,2012,28(2):265-272.
[30]STARBIRD A. Designing food safety regulations:the effect of inspection policy and penalties for noncompliance on food processor behavior[J]. Journal of agricultural and resource economics,2000,25(2):616-635.
[31]邵明波,胡志平.食品安全治理如何有效:政府还是市场[J].财经科学,2016(3):103-112.
[32]YAPP C,FAIRMAN R. Factors affecting food safety compliance within small and medium-sized enterprises:implications for regulatory and enforcement strategies[J]. Food control,2006,17(1):42-51.
[33]ESCANCIANO C,SANTOS-VIJANDE M. Reasons and constraints to implementing an ISO22000 food safety management system:Evidence from Spain[J]. Food control,2014,40(2):50-57.
[34]李艳云,吴林海,浦徐进,等.影响食品行业社会组织参与食品安全风险治理能力的主要因素研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(8):167-176.
[35]谢康,刘意,赵信.媒体参与食品安全社会共治的条件与策略[J].管理评论,2017,29(5):192-204.
[36]雷宇.声誉机制的信任基础:危机与重建[J].管理评论,2016,28(8):225-237.
[37]FERNANDO Y, NG H, YUSOFF Y. Activities, motives and external factors influencing food safety management system adoption in Malaysia[J]. Food control,2014,41(1):69-75.
[38]NEWELL G,ANDERSON S. Simplified marginal effects in discrete choice models[J]. Economics letters,2003,81(3):321-326.
[39]吴林海,卜凡,朱淀.消费者对含有不同质量安全信息可追溯猪肉的消费偏好分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(10):13-23.
[40]REIMSCHUESSEL R,PUSCHNER B. Melamine toxicity:stones vs. crystals[J]. Journal of medical toxicology,2010,6(4):468-469.
[41]MALISCH R,KOTZ A. Dioxins and PCBs in feed and food:review from European perspective[J]. Science of the total environment,2014,42(491):2-10.
[42]张桂芳,张晓瑜,王乙惠,等,烟台市市售生鲜肉中部分兽药残留和违禁药物监测[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2014,26(2):175-177.
[43]刘宗华,沈永刚.我国饲料安全现状及监控对策[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2007,50(1):60-61.
[44]刘万利,齐永家,吴秀敏.养猪农户采用安全兽药行为的意愿分析——以四川为例[J].农业技术经济,2007,25(1):80-87.
[45]柯炳生.建设新农村与饲料工业发展[J].中国饲料,2006,16(22):18-21.
[46]SCHULTZ T W. The value of the ability to deal with disequilibria[J]. Journal of economic literature,1975,13(3):827-846.
[47]DOSS R C,MORRIS L M. How does gender affect the adoption of agriculture innovations? the case of improved maize technology in Ghana[J]. Agriculture economics,2001,25(1):27-39.
[48]TOMISLAV V. The relationship between contracting and livestock waste pollution[J]. Review of agriculture economics,2005,25(1):66-88.
[2]吴林海,徐玲玲,尹世久.中国食品安全发展报告2015[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015:425-435.
[3]XU L L,SHAN L J,ZHONG Y Q,et al. The public perception of the security risks of food additives and the main influencing factors:empirical investigation into Jiangsu[J]. Journal of dialectics of nature,2013,342(1):410-415.
[4]尹世久,高杨,吴林海.构建中国特色食品安全社会共治体系[M].北京:人民出版社,2017:63-64.
[5]ROUVIRE E,CASWELL A. From punishment to prevention:a French case study of the introduction of co-regulation in enforcing food safety[J]. Food policy,2012,37(3):246-254.
[6]MARTINEZ G,FEARNE A,CASWELL A,et al. Co-regulation as a possible model for food safety governance:opportunities for publicprivate partnerships[J]. Food policy,2007,32(3):299-314.
[7]FARINA E,REARDON T. Agrifood grades and standards in the extended mercosur:their role in the changing agrifood system[J].American journal of agricultural economics,2000,82(5):1170-1176.
[8]HAMMOUDI A,HOFFMANN R,SURRY Y. Food safety standards and agrifood supply chains:an introductory overview[J]. European review of agricultural economics,2009,36(4):469-478.
[9]OLLINGER M,MOORE L. The economic forces driving food safety quality in meat and poultry[J]. Review of agricultural economics,2008,30(2):289-310.
[10]SEGERSON K. Mandatory versus voluntary approaches to food safety[J]. Agribusiness,1999,15(1):53-70.
[11]HENSON S,HOLT G. Exploring incentives for the adoption of food safety controls:HACCP implementation in the U. K. dairy sector[J]. Review of agricultural economics,2010,22(2):407-420.
[12]CASWELL A. Valuing the benefits and costs of improved food safety and nutrition[J]. The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics,1998,42(4):409-424.
[13]JIANG Q,BATT J. Barriers and benefits to the adoption of a third party certified food safety management system in the food processing sector in Shanghai,China[J]. Food control,2016,62:89-96.
[14]ZHOU J H,JIN S H. Adoption of food safety and quality standards by China’s agricultural cooperatives[J]. Food control,2011,22(2):204-208.
[15]KARAMAN D,COBANOGLU F,TUNALIOGLU R,et al. Barriers and benefits of the implementation of food safety management systems among the Turkish dairy industry:a case study[J]. Food control,2012,25(2):732-739.
[16]HERATH D,HASSAN Z,HENSON S. Adoption of food safety and quality controls:do firm characteristics matter? evidence from the Canadian food processing sector[J]. Canadian journal of agricultural economics,2007,55(3):299-314.
[17]吴林海,张秋琴,山丽杰,等.影响企业食品添加剂使用行为关键因素的识别研究:基于模糊集理论的DEMATEL方法[J].系统工程,2012,30(7):48-54.
[18]WU L H,ZHANG Q Q,SHAN L J,et al. Identifying critical factors influencing the use of additives by food enterprises in China[J]. Food control,2013,31(2):425-432.
[19]张明华,温晋锋,刘增金.行业自律、社会监管与纵向协作——基于社会共治视角的食品安全行为研究[J].产业经济研究,2017(1):89-99.
[20]VLADIMIROV Z. Implementation of food safety management system in Bulgaria[J]. British food journal,2011,113(1):50-65.
[21]GALLIANO D,ROUX P. Organisational motives and spatial effects in internet adoption and intensity of use:evidence from French industrial firms[J]. The annals of regional science,2008,42(2):425-448.
[22]FOUAYZI H,CASWELL A,HOOKER H. Motivations of fresh-cut produce firms to implement quality management systems[J].Review of agricultural economics,2010,28(1):132-146.
[23]CELAYA C,ZABALA M,PREZ P,et al. The HACCP system implementation in small businesses of Madrid’s community[J].Food control,2007,18(10):1314-1321.
[24]UNNEVEHR L,JENSEN H. The economic implications of using HACCP as a food safety regulatory standard[J]. Food policy,1999,24(6):625-635.
[25]吴林海,朱淀,徐玲玲.果蔬业生产企业可追溯食品的生产意愿研究[J].农业技术经济,2012(10):120-127.
[26]CROWTHER J,HERD T,MICHELS M. Food safety education and awareness:a model training program for managers in the food industry[J]. Food control,1993,4(2):97-100.
[27]MACHEKA L,MANDITSERA A,NGADZE T,et al. Barriers,benefits and motivation factors for the implementation of food safety management system in the food sector in Harare Province,Zimbabwe[J]. Food control,2013,34(1):126-131.
[28]COLLINS T. Food adulteration and food safety in Britain in the 19th and early 20th centuries[J]. Food policy,1993,18(2):95-109.
[29]WU S L. Factors influencing the implementation of food safety control systems in Taiwanese international tourist hotels[J]. Food control,2012,28(2):265-272.
[30]STARBIRD A. Designing food safety regulations:the effect of inspection policy and penalties for noncompliance on food processor behavior[J]. Journal of agricultural and resource economics,2000,25(2):616-635.
[31]邵明波,胡志平.食品安全治理如何有效:政府还是市场[J].财经科学,2016(3):103-112.
[32]YAPP C,FAIRMAN R. Factors affecting food safety compliance within small and medium-sized enterprises:implications for regulatory and enforcement strategies[J]. Food control,2006,17(1):42-51.
[33]ESCANCIANO C,SANTOS-VIJANDE M. Reasons and constraints to implementing an ISO22000 food safety management system:Evidence from Spain[J]. Food control,2014,40(2):50-57.
[34]李艳云,吴林海,浦徐进,等.影响食品行业社会组织参与食品安全风险治理能力的主要因素研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(8):167-176.
[35]谢康,刘意,赵信.媒体参与食品安全社会共治的条件与策略[J].管理评论,2017,29(5):192-204.
[36]雷宇.声誉机制的信任基础:危机与重建[J].管理评论,2016,28(8):225-237.
[37]FERNANDO Y, NG H, YUSOFF Y. Activities, motives and external factors influencing food safety management system adoption in Malaysia[J]. Food control,2014,41(1):69-75.
[38]NEWELL G,ANDERSON S. Simplified marginal effects in discrete choice models[J]. Economics letters,2003,81(3):321-326.
[39]吴林海,卜凡,朱淀.消费者对含有不同质量安全信息可追溯猪肉的消费偏好分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(10):13-23.
[40]REIMSCHUESSEL R,PUSCHNER B. Melamine toxicity:stones vs. crystals[J]. Journal of medical toxicology,2010,6(4):468-469.
[41]MALISCH R,KOTZ A. Dioxins and PCBs in feed and food:review from European perspective[J]. Science of the total environment,2014,42(491):2-10.
[42]张桂芳,张晓瑜,王乙惠,等,烟台市市售生鲜肉中部分兽药残留和违禁药物监测[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2014,26(2):175-177.
[43]刘宗华,沈永刚.我国饲料安全现状及监控对策[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2007,50(1):60-61.
[44]刘万利,齐永家,吴秀敏.养猪农户采用安全兽药行为的意愿分析——以四川为例[J].农业技术经济,2007,25(1):80-87.
[45]柯炳生.建设新农村与饲料工业发展[J].中国饲料,2006,16(22):18-21.
[46]SCHULTZ T W. The value of the ability to deal with disequilibria[J]. Journal of economic literature,1975,13(3):827-846.
[47]DOSS R C,MORRIS L M. How does gender affect the adoption of agriculture innovations? the case of improved maize technology in Ghana[J]. Agriculture economics,2001,25(1):27-39.
[48]TOMISLAV V. The relationship between contracting and livestock waste pollution[J]. Review of agriculture economics,2005,25(1):66-88.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |