地幔组成差异对扬子地块和华夏地块西延边界的限定:来自幔源岩脉的地球化学证据
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摘要
幔源岩浆是探知大陆深部地幔物质组成的岩石探针。本次研究通过对广西境内和湘西中-基性岩脉的岩石学、地球化学、Nd同位素和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,揭示了不同地区深部地幔的组成特征和差异。U-Pb定年显示这些中-基性岩浆岩形成于～260 Ma、170～150 Ma、138～87Ma和36～33 Ma四个阶段。根据地球化学特征,这些中-基性岩脉可以分成两类:高稀土煌斑岩和低稀土煌斑岩。高稀土组样品位于平乐-马山-罗城一线,以富集云母类矿物斑晶为特征。它们具有高的稀土含量(∑REE>400μg/g),明显的Eu负异常(δEu<0.73)和Nb、Ta、Ti亏损。这组样品还具有高Th/Ta、Rb/Sr比值和低Nb/La、Ce/Pb、Ti/Y比值。Nd同位素显示明显的富集特征(εNd(t)<-4.66)。低稀土组样品以出现辉石或橄榄石斑晶为特征,具有低的稀土含量(<255μg/g),弱的Eu异常和不明显的Nb、Ta、Ti异常, Nd同位素组成明显升高(εNd(t)>-1.9)。这些特征表明,高稀土煌斑岩的母岩浆起源于被壳源流/熔体交代过的强富集地幔,而低稀土组样品起源于幔源熔体交代过的弱富集软流圈地幔。对比已有的基性岩脉地球化学数据,可以发现采自桂北地区的高稀土样品与扬子地块西南部幔源岩浆的特征相似,而采自桂(中)南地区的低稀土样品与西华夏地块的基性岩浆岩特征相似。因此,两个具有明显地幔组成差异的区域之间的界线很可能代表了华夏地块和扬子地块拼合带西南延伸的位置。
Mantle-derived magmatic rock is an effective petrologic probe to show the compositions of subcontinental lithospheric mantle.Petrology,geochemistry,and Nd-isotope and zircon U-Pb geochronology of nine mafic to intermediate dyke samples in the Guangxi and western Hunan Province were studied to show the features and difference in mantle compositions in different areas.Zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that these dykes intruded at four stages of～260 Ma,170–150 Ma,138–87 Ma,and 36–33 Ma.Petrography,geochemistry and Nd-isotope compositions indicate that these mafic-intermediate dykes can be divided into high rare earth element(REE)and low REE groups.High REE samples,collected from the Pingle,Mashan,and Luocheng regions,are characterized by abundant biotite/phlogopite phenocrysts,high REE contents(∑REE>400μg/g),and significant Eu,Nb,Ta and Ti anomalies.This group’s samples also show higher Th/Ta and Rb/Sr ratios,and low Nb/La,Ce/Pb and Ti/Y ratios compare to those of the low REE group,and they are enriched in Nd-isotope compositions withε_(Nd)(t)<-4.66.The low REE group samples,collected from the Pingnan,Guigang and Jiangyong regions,are characterized by the presence of pyroxene or/and olivine phenocrysts,low REE contents(∑REE<255μg/g),and slight Eu,Nb,Ta and Ti anomalies,and high Nd-isotope compositions with?ε_(Nd)(t)>-1.9.These characteristics suggest that the primitive magma of the high REE dykes originated from strongly enriched mantle that underwent the metasomatism via crustal-derived fluids or melts,whereas the parental magma of the low REE dykes was derived from weakly enriched asthenospheric mantle that was subject to metasomatism of mantle-derived melts.Comparisons with available geochemical data of mafic rocks in South China suggest that the high REE dykes collected from the northern Guangxi show similar geochemical features to those in the southwestern Yangtze Block,whereas the low REE dykes in the central and southern Guangxi and southwestern Hunan provinces exhibit geochemical characteristics similar to those in the western Cathaysia Block.Therefore,the NE-trending boundary between the two areas of different mantle compositions probably represents the southwestern extension of the suture between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks.
Mantle-derived magmatic rock is an effective petrologic probe to show the compositions of subcontinental lithospheric mantle.Petrology,geochemistry,and Nd-isotope and zircon U-Pb geochronology of nine mafic to intermediate dyke samples in the Guangxi and western Hunan Province were studied to show the features and difference in mantle compositions in different areas.Zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that these dykes intruded at four stages of～260 Ma,170–150 Ma,138–87 Ma,and 36–33 Ma.Petrography,geochemistry and Nd-isotope compositions indicate that these mafic-intermediate dykes can be divided into high rare earth element(REE)and low REE groups.High REE samples,collected from the Pingle,Mashan,and Luocheng regions,are characterized by abundant biotite/phlogopite phenocrysts,high REE contents(∑REE>400μg/g),and significant Eu,Nb,Ta and Ti anomalies.This group’s samples also show higher Th/Ta and Rb/Sr ratios,and low Nb/La,Ce/Pb and Ti/Y ratios compare to those of the low REE group,and they are enriched in Nd-isotope compositions withε_(Nd)(t)<-4.66.The low REE group samples,collected from the Pingnan,Guigang and Jiangyong regions,are characterized by the presence of pyroxene or/and olivine phenocrysts,low REE contents(∑REE<255μg/g),and slight Eu,Nb,Ta and Ti anomalies,and high Nd-isotope compositions with?ε_(Nd)(t)>-1.9.These characteristics suggest that the primitive magma of the high REE dykes originated from strongly enriched mantle that underwent the metasomatism via crustal-derived fluids or melts,whereas the parental magma of the low REE dykes was derived from weakly enriched asthenospheric mantle that was subject to metasomatism of mantle-derived melts.Comparisons with available geochemical data of mafic rocks in South China suggest that the high REE dykes collected from the northern Guangxi show similar geochemical features to those in the southwestern Yangtze Block,whereas the low REE dykes in the central and southern Guangxi and southwestern Hunan provinces exhibit geochemical characteristics similar to those in the western Cathaysia Block.Therefore,the NE-trending boundary between the two areas of different mantle compositions probably represents the southwestern extension of the suture between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks.
引文
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