湖南仁里超大型稀有金属矿床的成矿特征与成矿模型
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摘要
湖南仁里铌钽矿床位于燕山期幕阜山复式岩体西南缘,是我国近年来新发现的超大型花岗伟晶岩型铌钽矿床,伟晶岩脉产在花岗岩内部裂隙或灌入冷家溪群片岩中。矿区伟晶岩可分为微斜长石型、微斜长石钠长石型、钠长石型和钠长石锂辉石型四个类型分带,且脉体呈NE-SW向分布。相对于北东部的伟晶岩,南西部的伟晶岩具有较高的分异度,铌钽矿化程度高,仁里矿区为幕阜山地区铌钽矿化浓集中心,是幕阜山地区铌钽等稀有金属主要产地。较大规模伟晶岩脉具有较完善的分带,铌钽矿化主要产在伟晶岩内部的中-粗粒白云母钠长石带和锂云母石英带。各伟晶岩脉总体上具有地表品位低,深部品位升高的特点,在标高411 m时,品位达到最高值(Ta_2O_5品位0.438%),说明仁里矿区深部具有较大找矿潜力。本文在总结仁里矿床成矿特征和成矿规律的基础上,分析了周边及深部的找矿方向,建立了复式岩体"体中体"成矿模型。区域找矿需要重视浅部低品位伟晶岩脉的深部评价,按照"北找钽铌、南找锂"的原则开展外围找矿工作。
The Renli super-large rare metal deposit, which is located at the western-southern part of the Mufushan granitic complex in Hunan province, is a newly explored granitic pegmatite type Nb-Ta deposit. Most pegmatite dykes are intruded into the Neoproterozoic schists. The pegmatite dykes can be divided into microcline type, microcline-albite type, albite type and albite-spodumene type. These types of pegmatite dykes exhibit north-west to south-east zonation. Usually, the pegmatites in the south-east are more fractionated than those in the north-west part of the ore field, and are the ore-forming concentration center of rare metal elements in the Mufushan area. The large pegmatites commonly have clear internal zoning, and the Ta-Nb mineralization mainly occurs in the coarse muscovite-albite zone and lepidolite-quartz zone. Ta-Nb mineralization is closely associated with lepidolite, muscovite and leaf-shape albite. In most of the pegmatites, the Ta_2O_5 contents are lower at the surface part and higher at the deep part. Usually, the Ta_2O_5 contents reach the maximum values(Ta_2O_5: 0.438%) at the elevation of about 411 m. These features indicate a great ore-prospecting potential at the depth of the Renli Nb-Ta deposit. Based on these ore-forming features, an ore-forming model of the Renli deposit is established, and attention should be paid to the deep part of pegmatites with low Ta-Nb contents at the shallow parts in ore-prospecting. In addition, the neighboring areas in the north and south part of the orefield may also be promising for Ta-Nb and Li prospecting.
The Renli super-large rare metal deposit, which is located at the western-southern part of the Mufushan granitic complex in Hunan province, is a newly explored granitic pegmatite type Nb-Ta deposit. Most pegmatite dykes are intruded into the Neoproterozoic schists. The pegmatite dykes can be divided into microcline type, microcline-albite type, albite type and albite-spodumene type. These types of pegmatite dykes exhibit north-west to south-east zonation. Usually, the pegmatites in the south-east are more fractionated than those in the north-west part of the ore field, and are the ore-forming concentration center of rare metal elements in the Mufushan area. The large pegmatites commonly have clear internal zoning, and the Ta-Nb mineralization mainly occurs in the coarse muscovite-albite zone and lepidolite-quartz zone. Ta-Nb mineralization is closely associated with lepidolite, muscovite and leaf-shape albite. In most of the pegmatites, the Ta_2O_5 contents are lower at the surface part and higher at the deep part. Usually, the Ta_2O_5 contents reach the maximum values(Ta_2O_5: 0.438%) at the elevation of about 411 m. These features indicate a great ore-prospecting potential at the depth of the Renli Nb-Ta deposit. Based on these ore-forming features, an ore-forming model of the Renli deposit is established, and attention should be paid to the deep part of pegmatites with low Ta-Nb contents at the shallow parts in ore-prospecting. In addition, the neighboring areas in the north and south part of the orefield may also be promising for Ta-Nb and Li prospecting.
引文
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裴荣富.1995.共(源)岩浆补余分异作用与成矿.矿床地质,14(4):376-379.
彭和求,贾宝华,唐晓珊.2004.湘东北望湘岩体的热年代学与幕阜山隆升.地质科技情报,23(1):11-15.
王瑞江,王登红,李建康,张德会,付小方.2015.稀有稀土稀散矿产资源及其开发利用.北京:地质出版社:53-73.
周芳春,刘翔,黄志飚,肖国强,谭黎明,包云河,陈虎,苏俊男,汪宣民,林跃,王箭,黄小强,邹猛秋,李旭明,陈阡然,张立平,张宗栋,李振红,雒小荣,胡小芳,张神洲.2017.湖南省平江县仁里矿区铌钽多金属矿普查阶段性成果报告:1-91.
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傅昭仁,李紫金,郑大瑜.1999.湘赣边区NNE向走滑造山带构造发展样式.地学前缘,6(4):263-273.
贺转利,许德如,陈广浩,夏斌,李鹏春,符巩固.2004.湘东北燕山期陆内碰撞造山带金多金属成矿地球化学.矿床地质,23(1):39-51.
黎家祥,李俊武,马水淼,白碧琴,林景华,岑家谋,梅珍秀,刘天毅,郭进学,张厚生,谢路昌,李永佑,薜银才,刘宝诚,郭安珍.1973.湖南省平江县传梓源铌钽矿初勘报告:1-62.
李建康,邹天人,王登红,丁欣.2017.中国铍矿成矿规律.矿床地质,36(4):951-978.
李鹏.2017.幕阜山地区岩浆活动及稀有金属成矿规律.北京:中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所博士后出站报告:1-170.
李鹏,李建康,裴荣富,冷双梁,张旭,周芳春,李胜苗.2017.幕阜山复式花岗岩体多期次演化与白垩纪稀有金属成矿高峰:年代学依据.地球科学,42(10):1684-1696.
刘翔,周芳春,黄志飚,李建康,周厚祥,肖国强,包云河,李鹏,谭黎明,石威科,苏俊男,黄小强,陈虎,汪宣民,林跃,刘晓敏.2018.湖南省平江县仁里超大型伟晶岩型铌钽多金属矿床的发现及其意义.大地构造与成矿学,42(2):235-243.
裴荣富.1995.共(源)岩浆补余分异作用与成矿.矿床地质,14(4):376-379.
彭和求,贾宝华,唐晓珊.2004.湘东北望湘岩体的热年代学与幕阜山隆升.地质科技情报,23(1):11-15.
王瑞江,王登红,李建康,张德会,付小方.2015.稀有稀土稀散矿产资源及其开发利用.北京:地质出版社:53-73.
周芳春,刘翔,黄志飚,肖国强,谭黎明,包云河,陈虎,苏俊男,汪宣民,林跃,王箭,黄小强,邹猛秋,李旭明,陈阡然,张立平,张宗栋,李振红,雒小荣,胡小芳,张神洲.2017.湖南省平江县仁里矿区铌钽多金属矿普查阶段性成果报告:1-91.
?ernyP.2005.Granite-related ore deposit.Economic Geology,100th Anniversary Volume:337-370.
Li J K,Zou T R,Liu X F,Wang D H and Ding X.2015.The metallogenetic regularities of lithium deposits in China.Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),89(2):652-670.
London D.2008.Pegmatites.Ottawa,Canada:Canadian Mineralogist Special Publication 10.
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