小型运动体高速倾斜入水空泡流动数值研究
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摘要
为研究小型运动体高速倾斜入水时的空泡流动特性,采用求解雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程的方法开展数值模拟。应用实验结果验证了数值方法的正确性。基于该方法对入水过程流体动力特性、流场结构特性与空泡发展进行分析,并研究了入水角度对入水流场的影响。研究结果表明:运动体在入水撞击阶段受到较大的阻力、升力和力矩,同时承受着极强的载荷;随着入水的深入,头部半球形高压区逐渐向头部中点移动,且空泡壁面的速度方向由指向水中向指向空泡内过渡;入水角度越小,撞击阶段阻力系数与砰击压力越小,入水后越容易发生弹道偏移,同时拉脱现象发生得越晚,入水空泡的最大尺寸越大。
The characteristics of cavity flow around a small moving body under the high-speed oblique water-entry are analyzed,and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved for simulation. The computational method is validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental results. The characteristics of multiphase flow during water-entry and the influence of entry angle on water-entry flow field are investigated based on the computational method. The results show that the moving body is subjected to large drag,lift,moment and impact in the impact phase; the hemisphere-like high pressure area moves from the lower part of nose tip to the center of nose tip as the moving body continues to penetrate;the direction of velocity of cavity wall points to water first and then the cavity; the small entry angle causes small drag coefficient and impact in the impact phase and trajectory deflection; and the cavity is subsequently pulled away and the maximum size of the cavity is large when the moving body enters the water at a small entry angle.
The characteristics of cavity flow around a small moving body under the high-speed oblique water-entry are analyzed,and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved for simulation. The computational method is validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental results. The characteristics of multiphase flow during water-entry and the influence of entry angle on water-entry flow field are investigated based on the computational method. The results show that the moving body is subjected to large drag,lift,moment and impact in the impact phase; the hemisphere-like high pressure area moves from the lower part of nose tip to the center of nose tip as the moving body continues to penetrate;the direction of velocity of cavity wall points to water first and then the cavity; the small entry angle causes small drag coefficient and impact in the impact phase and trajectory deflection; and the cavity is subsequently pulled away and the maximum size of the cavity is large when the moving body enters the water at a small entry angle.
引文
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[16]胡明勇,张志宏,刘巨彬,等.低亚声速射弹垂直入水的流体与固体耦合数值计算研究[J].兵工学报,2018,39(3):560-568.HU M Y,ZHANG Z H,LIU J B,et al. Fluid-solid coupling nu-merical simulation on vertical water entry of projectile at low sub-sonic speed[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2018,39(3):560-568.(in Chinese)
[17] VALDI M H T,ATRECHIAN M R,SHALKOOHY A J,et al.Numerical investigation of water entry problem of pounders withdifferent geometric shapes and drop heights for dynamic compac-tion of the seabed[J]. Geofluids,2018(4):1-18.
[18] JIANG C X,LI F C. Experimental and numerical study of waterentry supercavity influenced by turbulent drag-reducing addtitives[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2014(4):280643.
[19] JIANG C X,SHUAI Z J,ZHANG X Y,et al. Numerical studyon the transient behavior of water-entry supercavitating flow a-round a cylindrical projectile influenced by turbulent drag-reduc-ing additives[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,104:450-460.
[20]王瑞琦,黄振贵,郭则庆,等.细长体射弹高速水平入水研究[J].弹道学报,2017,29(2):47-53.WANG R Q,HUANG Z G,GUO Z Q,et al. Study on horizontalwater-entry of slender projectile with high-speed[J]. Journal ofBallistics,2017,29(2):47-53.(in Chinese)
[21] HURD R C,BELDEN J,JANDRON M A,et al. Water entry ofdeformable spheres[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2017,824:912-930.
[22] LEE M,LONGORIA R G,WILSON D E. Cavity dynamics inhigh-speed water entry[J]. Physics of Fluids,1997,9(3):540-550.
[23]易文俊,熊天红,王中原,等.小型空化数下超空泡航行体的阻力特性试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2009,24(1):1-6.YI W J,XIONG T H,WANG Z Y,et al. Experimental resear-ches on drag characteristics of supercavitation bodies at smallcavitation number[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,24(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[24]路中磊.开放空腔壳体入水过程多相流动特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017:65.LU Z L. Study on multiphase flow during water entry of semi-closed cylinder[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2017:65.(in Chinese)
[25]马庆鹏.高速射弹入水过程多相流场特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014:27-31,76-103.MA Q P. Investigation of multiphase flow characteristics inducedby water entry of high-speed projectiles[D]. Harbin:Harbin In-stitute of Technology,2014:27-31,76-103.(in Chinese)
[26] CHEN C,MA Q P,WEI Y J,et al. Experimental study on thecavity dynamics in high-speed oblique water-entry[J]. Fluid Dy-namics Research,2018,50(4):045511.
[27] MAY A. Water entry and the cavity-running behavior of missiles[R]. Silver Spring,MD,US:NAVSEA Hydroballistics AdvisoryCommittee,1975:207-208.
[2] GILBARG D,ANDERSON R A. Influence of atmospheric pres-sure on the phenomena accompanying the entry of spheres into wa-ter[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,1948,19(2):127-139.
[3] MAY A,WOODHULL J C. The virtual mass of a sphere enteringwater vertically[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,1950,21(12):1285-1289.
[4] MAY A. Effect of surface condition of a sphere on its water-entrycavity[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,1951,22(10):1219-1222.
[5] MAY A. Vertical entry of missiles into water[J]. Journal of Ap-plied Physics,1952,23(12):1362-1372.
[6] SHI H H,ITOH M,TAKAMI T,et al. Optical observation of thesupercavition induced by high-speed water entry[J]. Journal ofFluids Engineering,2000,122:806-810.
[7] SHI H H,TAKAMI T. Hydrodynamic behavior of an underwatermoving body after water entry[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica(Eng-lish Series),2001,17(1):35-44.
[8] TRUSCOTT T T. Cavity dynamics of water entry for spheres andballistic projectiles[D]. Cambridge,Mass.,US:MIT,2009.
[9]王云,袁绪龙,吕策.弹体高速入水弯曲弹道实验研究[J].兵工学报,2014,35(12):1998-2002.WANG Y,YUAN X L,LC. Experimental research on curvedtrajectory of high-speed water-entry missile[J]. Acta Armamenta-rii,2014,35(12):1998-2002.(in Chinese)
[10] ERFANIAN M R,ANBARSOOZ M,RAHIMI N,et al. Numeri-cal and experimental investigation of a three dimensional spheri-cal-nose projectile water entry problem[J]. Ocean Engineering,2015,104:397-404.
[11] ARISTOFF J M,TRUSCOTT T T,TECHET A H,et al. Thewater entry of decelerating spheres[J]. Physics of Fluids,2010,22(3):417-422.
[12]马庆鹏,魏英杰,王聪,等.锥头圆柱体高速入水空泡闭合数值模拟研究[J].兵工学报,2014,35(9):1451-1457.MA Q P,WEI Y J,WANG C,et al. Numerical simulation ofdeep closure of high-speed water entry cavity of cone-cylinder[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2014,35(9):1451-1457.(in Chi-nese)
[13]李永利,刘安,冯金富,等.航行器小角度入水跳弹过程研究[J].兵工学报,2016,37(10):1860-1872.LI Y L,LIU A,FENG J F,et al. Research on ricochet processof small-angle water-entry vehicle[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2016,37(10):1860-1872.(in Chinese)
[14]孙钊,曹伟,王聪,等.表明润湿性对球体入水空泡形态的影响研究[J].兵工学报,2016,37(4):670-676.SUN Z,CAO W,WANG C,et al. Effect of surface wettabilityon cavitation of sphere during its water entry[J]. Acta Armamen-tarii,2016,37(4):670-676.(in Chinese)
[15]孙钊,曹伟,王聪,等.半疏水-半亲水球体垂直入水空泡数值仿真研究[J].兵工学报,2017,38(5):968-977.SUN Z,CAO W,WANG C,et al. Numerical investigation onwater-entry cavity of half hydrophobic-half hydrophilic sphere[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2017,38(5):968-977.(in Chi-nese)
[16]胡明勇,张志宏,刘巨彬,等.低亚声速射弹垂直入水的流体与固体耦合数值计算研究[J].兵工学报,2018,39(3):560-568.HU M Y,ZHANG Z H,LIU J B,et al. Fluid-solid coupling nu-merical simulation on vertical water entry of projectile at low sub-sonic speed[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2018,39(3):560-568.(in Chinese)
[17] VALDI M H T,ATRECHIAN M R,SHALKOOHY A J,et al.Numerical investigation of water entry problem of pounders withdifferent geometric shapes and drop heights for dynamic compac-tion of the seabed[J]. Geofluids,2018(4):1-18.
[18] JIANG C X,LI F C. Experimental and numerical study of waterentry supercavity influenced by turbulent drag-reducing addtitives[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2014(4):280643.
[19] JIANG C X,SHUAI Z J,ZHANG X Y,et al. Numerical studyon the transient behavior of water-entry supercavitating flow a-round a cylindrical projectile influenced by turbulent drag-reduc-ing additives[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,104:450-460.
[20]王瑞琦,黄振贵,郭则庆,等.细长体射弹高速水平入水研究[J].弹道学报,2017,29(2):47-53.WANG R Q,HUANG Z G,GUO Z Q,et al. Study on horizontalwater-entry of slender projectile with high-speed[J]. Journal ofBallistics,2017,29(2):47-53.(in Chinese)
[21] HURD R C,BELDEN J,JANDRON M A,et al. Water entry ofdeformable spheres[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2017,824:912-930.
[22] LEE M,LONGORIA R G,WILSON D E. Cavity dynamics inhigh-speed water entry[J]. Physics of Fluids,1997,9(3):540-550.
[23]易文俊,熊天红,王中原,等.小型空化数下超空泡航行体的阻力特性试验研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2009,24(1):1-6.YI W J,XIONG T H,WANG Z Y,et al. Experimental resear-ches on drag characteristics of supercavitation bodies at smallcavitation number[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,24(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[24]路中磊.开放空腔壳体入水过程多相流动特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017:65.LU Z L. Study on multiphase flow during water entry of semi-closed cylinder[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2017:65.(in Chinese)
[25]马庆鹏.高速射弹入水过程多相流场特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014:27-31,76-103.MA Q P. Investigation of multiphase flow characteristics inducedby water entry of high-speed projectiles[D]. Harbin:Harbin In-stitute of Technology,2014:27-31,76-103.(in Chinese)
[26] CHEN C,MA Q P,WEI Y J,et al. Experimental study on thecavity dynamics in high-speed oblique water-entry[J]. Fluid Dy-namics Research,2018,50(4):045511.
[27] MAY A. Water entry and the cavity-running behavior of missiles[R]. Silver Spring,MD,US:NAVSEA Hydroballistics AdvisoryCommittee,1975:207-208.
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