贵州万山汞矿废弃地自然定居植物对汞与甲基汞的吸收与累积
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摘要
以万山汞矿废弃地为研究区域,调查植物种类分布特征,分析植物和根际土壤总汞与甲基汞的含量,并探讨不同植物对无机汞(IHg)和甲基汞(MeHg)的富集能力和迁移能力。结果表明:汞矿区废弃地土壤总汞含量变化范围为3.1～479 mg·kg~(-1),汞污染十分严重;不同废弃地自然定居植物组成差异较大,以菊科居多,占所有植物的6.4%。植物根部IHg变化范围为0.59～3.3 mg·kg~(-1),地上部为0.27～12 mg·kg~(-1),其中根部和地上部IHg含量最高的植物是三脉紫菀,分别为33和12 mg·kg~(-1)。植物地上部与根部MeHg含量分别为0.56～5.6和0.24～22μg·kg~(-1),其中苣荬菜无论根或地上部都显示了最高甲基汞含量,分别为22和5.6μg·kg~(-1)。从富集系数(BFs)而言,所有植物根部和地上部对IHg呈现较低的富集能力,BFs均小于1;地上部和根部对MeHg富集能力较高的植物分别是三脉紫菀和苣荬菜。从转移系数(TFs)而言,对IHg和MeHg转移系数最高的分别是三脉紫菀和大叶醉鱼草。
We investigated plant species composition of a heavily mercury( Hg) contaminated wasteland composed of cinnabar ore mine tailings in Wanshan. We measured the concentrations of total mercury( THg) and methylmercury( MeHg) in both plants and rhizospherc soils and analyzed the bioaccumulation and transfer factors of IHg( the difference between THg and MeHg)and MeHg in plants. Results showed that the concentration of THg in soils ranged from 3.1 to 479mg·kg~(-1),indicating a heavy Hg contamination. Plant community composition of wastelands varied widely,with Compositae as the dominant species,accounting for 6.4% of the total. The concentrations of IHg in roots and shoots of plants ranged from 0.59-3.3 and 0.27-12 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. Aster ageratoides exhibited the highest values of IHg in both roots and shoots,reaching 33 and 12 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. The concentrations of MeHg in roots and shoots ranged from 0.56-5.6 and 0.24-22 μg·kg~(-1),respectively. Sonchus arvensis showed the highest average values of 22 μg·kg~(-1)MeHg in roots and 5.6 μg·kg~(-1)MeHg in shoots. Bioaccumulation factors( BFs) of IHg in plants were less than 1,while the BFs of MeHg in Sonchus brachyotus and Aster ageratoides were greater than 1. For transfer factors( TFs),Aster ageratoides and Buddleja lindleyana exhibited the highest TFs in IHg and Me Hg with values over 1,suggesting their high ability in transferring IHg and MeHg.
We investigated plant species composition of a heavily mercury( Hg) contaminated wasteland composed of cinnabar ore mine tailings in Wanshan. We measured the concentrations of total mercury( THg) and methylmercury( MeHg) in both plants and rhizospherc soils and analyzed the bioaccumulation and transfer factors of IHg( the difference between THg and MeHg)and MeHg in plants. Results showed that the concentration of THg in soils ranged from 3.1 to 479mg·kg~(-1),indicating a heavy Hg contamination. Plant community composition of wastelands varied widely,with Compositae as the dominant species,accounting for 6.4% of the total. The concentrations of IHg in roots and shoots of plants ranged from 0.59-3.3 and 0.27-12 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. Aster ageratoides exhibited the highest values of IHg in both roots and shoots,reaching 33 and 12 mg·kg~(-1),respectively. The concentrations of MeHg in roots and shoots ranged from 0.56-5.6 and 0.24-22 μg·kg~(-1),respectively. Sonchus arvensis showed the highest average values of 22 μg·kg~(-1)MeHg in roots and 5.6 μg·kg~(-1)MeHg in shoots. Bioaccumulation factors( BFs) of IHg in plants were less than 1,while the BFs of MeHg in Sonchus brachyotus and Aster ageratoides were greater than 1. For transfer factors( TFs),Aster ageratoides and Buddleja lindleyana exhibited the highest TFs in IHg and Me Hg with values over 1,suggesting their high ability in transferring IHg and MeHg.
引文
崔爽,周启星,晁雷.2006.某冶炼厂周围8种植物对重金属的吸收与富集作用.应用生态学报,17(3):512-515.
崔丽巍.2013.汞在土壤-农作物-大气间的迁移转化及农作物中汞形态的研究(博士学位论文).广州:中国科学院大学.
冯新斌,陈业材,朱卫国.1996.土壤中汞存在形式的研究.矿物学报,16(2):218-222.
何天容,冯新斌,戴前进,等.2004.萃取-乙基化结合GC-CVAFS法测定沉积物及土壤中的甲基汞.地球与环境,32(2):83-86.
黄艳红.2013.锰尾矿库植物适生性研究及生态恢复的环境效益(硕士学位论文).长沙:中南大学.
荆延德,何振立,杨肖娥.2006.汞在SPAC-人体系统中的传递及主要影响因素.生态学报,26(11):3857-3860.
李永华,杨林生,李海蓉,等.2007.湘黔汞矿区土壤汞的化学形态及污染特征.环境科学,28(3):654-658.
刘家彦.1998.贵州省环境污染对农业生态环境的影响.贵州环保科技,4(4):40-44.
彭倩,朱慧可,钟寰,等.2015.腐殖酸对汞污染稻田中甲基汞行为的影响.生态与农村环境学报,31(5):748-752.
仇广乐,冯新斌,梁琏,等.2005.溶剂萃取-水相乙基化衍生GC-CVAFS联用测定苔藓样品中的甲基汞.分析测试学报,24(1):29-32.
仇广乐.2005.贵州省典型汞矿地区汞的环境地球化学研究(博士学位论文).贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所.
王建旭.2012.汞矿区土壤汞污染植物提取方法建立及机理研究(博士学位论文).贵阳:中国科学院大学.
王庆任,崔岩山,董艺婷.2001.植物修复-重金属污染土壤整理有效途径.生态学报,21(2):326-331.
吴攀.2002.碳酸盐岩地区矿山环境地球化学研究(博士学位论文).贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所.
邢丹,李瑞,曹星星,等.2010.土法炼锌渣场大叶醉鱼草对重金属的耐性特征.山地农业生物学报,29(3):226-230.
邢丹,刘鸿雁,于萍萍,等.2012.黔西北铅锌矿区植物群落分布及其对重金属的迁移特征.生态学报,32(3):796-804.
徐小蓉.2008.万山汞矿区耐汞植物筛选及耐性机理研究(硕士学位论文).贵阳:贵州师范大学.
杨世勇,谢建春,刘登义.2004.铜陵铜尾矿复垦现状及植物在铜尾矿上的定居.长江流域资源与环境,13(5):488-493.
Amirbahman A,Reid AL,Haines TA,et al.2002.Association of methylmercury with dissolved humic acids.Environmental Science and Technology,36:690-695.
Bailey EA,Gray JE,Theodorakos PM.2002.Mercury in vegetation and soils at abandoned mercury mines in southwestern Alaska,USA.Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,2:275-285.
Bishop KH,Lee YH,Munthe J,et al.1998.Xylem sap as a pathway for total mercury and methylmercury transport from soil to tree canopy in the boreal forest.Biogeochemistry,40:101-113.
Da Cunha-Santino MB,Júnior IB.2002.Humic substance mineralization in a tropical oxbow lake(S2o Paulo,Brazil).Hydrobiologia,468:33-43.
Ericksen JA,Gustin MS,Schorran DE,et al.2003.Accumulation of atmospheric mercury in forest foliar.Atmospheric Environment,37:1613-1622.
Fernandez-Martínez R,Larios R,Gómez-Pinilla I,et al.2015.Mercury accumulation and speciation in plants and soils from abandoned cinnabar mines.Geoderma,253:30-38.
Godbold DL.1991.Mercury-induced root damage in spruce seedlings.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,56:823-831.
Greger M,Wang YD,Neuschütz C.2005.Absence of Hg transpiration by shoot after Hg uptake by roots of six terrestrial plant species.Environmental Pollution,134:201-208.
He D,Qiu B,Peng JH,et al.2013.Heavy metal contents and enrichment characteristics of dominant plants in a lead-zinc tailings in Xiashuiwan of Hunan Province.Environmental Science,34:3595-3600.
Horvat M,Lup2ina V,Pihlar B.1991.Determination of total mercury in coal fly ash by gold amalgamation cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry.Analytica Chimica Acta,243:71-79.
Kamaluddin M,Zwiazek JJ.2001.Metabolic inhibition of root water flow in red-osier dogwood(Cornus stolonifera)seedlings.Journal of Experimental Botany,52:739-745.
Liang L,Horvat M,Feng XB,et al.2004.Re-evaluation of distillation and comparison with HNO3leaching/solvent extraction for isolation of methylmercury compounds from sediment/soil samples.Applied Organometallic Chemistry,18:264-270.
Lin LY,Chang LF,Jiang SJ.2008.Speciation analysis of mercury in cereals by liquid chromatography chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,56:6868-6872.
Liu Y,Kong GT,Jia QY,et al.2007.Effects of soil properties on heavy metal accumulation in flowering Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee)in Pearl River Delta,China.Journal of Environmental Science&Health Part B,42:219-227.
Pak KR,Bartha R.1998.Mercury methylation and demethylation in anoxic lake sediments and by strictly anaerobic bacteria.Applied&Environmental Microbiology,64:1013-1017.
Petkewich R.2004.Bugs boost phytoremediation.Environmental Science&Technology,38:240A.
Porvari P,Verta M.1995.Methylmercury production in flooded soils:A laboratory study.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,80:765-773.
Robinson BH,Mills TM,Petit D,et al.2000.Natural and induced cadmium-accumulation in poplar and willow:Implications for phytoremediation.Plant and Soil,227:301-306.
Rodriguez L,Rincón J,Asencio I,et al.2007.Capability of selected crop plants for shoot mercury accumulation from polluted soils:Phytoremediation perspectives.International Journal of Phytoremediation,9:1-13.
Salt DE,Blaylock M,Kumar NPBA,et al.1995.Phytoremediation:A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants.Nature Biotechnology,13:468-474.
Schwesig D,Krebs O.2003.The role of ground vegetation in the uptake of mercury and methylmercury in a forest ecosystem.Plant and Soil,253:445-455.
Senesil GS,Baldassarre G,Senesi N,et al.1999.Trace element inputs into soils by anthropogenic activities and implications for human health.Chemosphere,39:343-377.
Shi JB,Liang LN,Jiang GB.2005.Simultaneous determination of methylmercury and ethylmercury in rice by capillary gas chromatography coupled on-line with atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Journal of AOAC International,88:665-669.
Szymczak J,Grajeta H.1992.Mercury concentrations in soil and plant material.Polish Journal of Food&Nutrition Sciences,1:31-39.
Tiffreau C,Lützenkirchen J,Behra P.1995.Modeling the adsorption of mercury(II)on(hydr)oxides:I.Amorphous iron oxide andα-quartz.Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,172:82-93.
Vassil AD,Kapulnik Y,Raskin II,et al.1998.The role of EDTA in lead transport and accumulation by Indian mustard.Plant Physiology,117:447-453.
Wang JX,Feng XB,Anderson CWN,et al.2011.Ammonium thiosulphate enhanced phytoextraction from mercury contaminated soil-results from a greenhouse study.Journal of Hazardous Materials,186:119-127.
Wu H,Ding ZH,Liu Y,et al.2011.Methylmercury and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mangrove sediments from Jiulong River Estuary,China.Journal of Environmental Sciences,23:14-21.
Yin Y,AIlen HE,Huang CP,et al.1997.Interaction of Hg(II)with soil-derived humic substances.Analytica Chimica Acta,341:73-82.
崔丽巍.2013.汞在土壤-农作物-大气间的迁移转化及农作物中汞形态的研究(博士学位论文).广州:中国科学院大学.
冯新斌,陈业材,朱卫国.1996.土壤中汞存在形式的研究.矿物学报,16(2):218-222.
何天容,冯新斌,戴前进,等.2004.萃取-乙基化结合GC-CVAFS法测定沉积物及土壤中的甲基汞.地球与环境,32(2):83-86.
黄艳红.2013.锰尾矿库植物适生性研究及生态恢复的环境效益(硕士学位论文).长沙:中南大学.
荆延德,何振立,杨肖娥.2006.汞在SPAC-人体系统中的传递及主要影响因素.生态学报,26(11):3857-3860.
李永华,杨林生,李海蓉,等.2007.湘黔汞矿区土壤汞的化学形态及污染特征.环境科学,28(3):654-658.
刘家彦.1998.贵州省环境污染对农业生态环境的影响.贵州环保科技,4(4):40-44.
彭倩,朱慧可,钟寰,等.2015.腐殖酸对汞污染稻田中甲基汞行为的影响.生态与农村环境学报,31(5):748-752.
仇广乐,冯新斌,梁琏,等.2005.溶剂萃取-水相乙基化衍生GC-CVAFS联用测定苔藓样品中的甲基汞.分析测试学报,24(1):29-32.
仇广乐.2005.贵州省典型汞矿地区汞的环境地球化学研究(博士学位论文).贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所.
王建旭.2012.汞矿区土壤汞污染植物提取方法建立及机理研究(博士学位论文).贵阳:中国科学院大学.
王庆任,崔岩山,董艺婷.2001.植物修复-重金属污染土壤整理有效途径.生态学报,21(2):326-331.
吴攀.2002.碳酸盐岩地区矿山环境地球化学研究(博士学位论文).贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所.
邢丹,李瑞,曹星星,等.2010.土法炼锌渣场大叶醉鱼草对重金属的耐性特征.山地农业生物学报,29(3):226-230.
邢丹,刘鸿雁,于萍萍,等.2012.黔西北铅锌矿区植物群落分布及其对重金属的迁移特征.生态学报,32(3):796-804.
徐小蓉.2008.万山汞矿区耐汞植物筛选及耐性机理研究(硕士学位论文).贵阳:贵州师范大学.
杨世勇,谢建春,刘登义.2004.铜陵铜尾矿复垦现状及植物在铜尾矿上的定居.长江流域资源与环境,13(5):488-493.
Amirbahman A,Reid AL,Haines TA,et al.2002.Association of methylmercury with dissolved humic acids.Environmental Science and Technology,36:690-695.
Bailey EA,Gray JE,Theodorakos PM.2002.Mercury in vegetation and soils at abandoned mercury mines in southwestern Alaska,USA.Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,2:275-285.
Bishop KH,Lee YH,Munthe J,et al.1998.Xylem sap as a pathway for total mercury and methylmercury transport from soil to tree canopy in the boreal forest.Biogeochemistry,40:101-113.
Da Cunha-Santino MB,Júnior IB.2002.Humic substance mineralization in a tropical oxbow lake(S2o Paulo,Brazil).Hydrobiologia,468:33-43.
Ericksen JA,Gustin MS,Schorran DE,et al.2003.Accumulation of atmospheric mercury in forest foliar.Atmospheric Environment,37:1613-1622.
Fernandez-Martínez R,Larios R,Gómez-Pinilla I,et al.2015.Mercury accumulation and speciation in plants and soils from abandoned cinnabar mines.Geoderma,253:30-38.
Godbold DL.1991.Mercury-induced root damage in spruce seedlings.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,56:823-831.
Greger M,Wang YD,Neuschütz C.2005.Absence of Hg transpiration by shoot after Hg uptake by roots of six terrestrial plant species.Environmental Pollution,134:201-208.
He D,Qiu B,Peng JH,et al.2013.Heavy metal contents and enrichment characteristics of dominant plants in a lead-zinc tailings in Xiashuiwan of Hunan Province.Environmental Science,34:3595-3600.
Horvat M,Lup2ina V,Pihlar B.1991.Determination of total mercury in coal fly ash by gold amalgamation cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry.Analytica Chimica Acta,243:71-79.
Kamaluddin M,Zwiazek JJ.2001.Metabolic inhibition of root water flow in red-osier dogwood(Cornus stolonifera)seedlings.Journal of Experimental Botany,52:739-745.
Liang L,Horvat M,Feng XB,et al.2004.Re-evaluation of distillation and comparison with HNO3leaching/solvent extraction for isolation of methylmercury compounds from sediment/soil samples.Applied Organometallic Chemistry,18:264-270.
Lin LY,Chang LF,Jiang SJ.2008.Speciation analysis of mercury in cereals by liquid chromatography chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry,56:6868-6872.
Liu Y,Kong GT,Jia QY,et al.2007.Effects of soil properties on heavy metal accumulation in flowering Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee)in Pearl River Delta,China.Journal of Environmental Science&Health Part B,42:219-227.
Pak KR,Bartha R.1998.Mercury methylation and demethylation in anoxic lake sediments and by strictly anaerobic bacteria.Applied&Environmental Microbiology,64:1013-1017.
Petkewich R.2004.Bugs boost phytoremediation.Environmental Science&Technology,38:240A.
Porvari P,Verta M.1995.Methylmercury production in flooded soils:A laboratory study.Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,80:765-773.
Robinson BH,Mills TM,Petit D,et al.2000.Natural and induced cadmium-accumulation in poplar and willow:Implications for phytoremediation.Plant and Soil,227:301-306.
Rodriguez L,Rincón J,Asencio I,et al.2007.Capability of selected crop plants for shoot mercury accumulation from polluted soils:Phytoremediation perspectives.International Journal of Phytoremediation,9:1-13.
Salt DE,Blaylock M,Kumar NPBA,et al.1995.Phytoremediation:A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants.Nature Biotechnology,13:468-474.
Schwesig D,Krebs O.2003.The role of ground vegetation in the uptake of mercury and methylmercury in a forest ecosystem.Plant and Soil,253:445-455.
Senesil GS,Baldassarre G,Senesi N,et al.1999.Trace element inputs into soils by anthropogenic activities and implications for human health.Chemosphere,39:343-377.
Shi JB,Liang LN,Jiang GB.2005.Simultaneous determination of methylmercury and ethylmercury in rice by capillary gas chromatography coupled on-line with atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Journal of AOAC International,88:665-669.
Szymczak J,Grajeta H.1992.Mercury concentrations in soil and plant material.Polish Journal of Food&Nutrition Sciences,1:31-39.
Tiffreau C,Lützenkirchen J,Behra P.1995.Modeling the adsorption of mercury(II)on(hydr)oxides:I.Amorphous iron oxide andα-quartz.Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,172:82-93.
Vassil AD,Kapulnik Y,Raskin II,et al.1998.The role of EDTA in lead transport and accumulation by Indian mustard.Plant Physiology,117:447-453.
Wang JX,Feng XB,Anderson CWN,et al.2011.Ammonium thiosulphate enhanced phytoextraction from mercury contaminated soil-results from a greenhouse study.Journal of Hazardous Materials,186:119-127.
Wu H,Ding ZH,Liu Y,et al.2011.Methylmercury and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mangrove sediments from Jiulong River Estuary,China.Journal of Environmental Sciences,23:14-21.
Yin Y,AIlen HE,Huang CP,et al.1997.Interaction of Hg(II)with soil-derived humic substances.Analytica Chimica Acta,341:73-82.
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