饲料碳水化合物水平对拟穴青蟹稚蟹生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响
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摘要
用碳水化合物水平分别为20.34%、25.59%、30.17%、35.30%和39.95%的5种等氮等脂饲料,对初始体质量为(38.11±0.55) mg的拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)稚蟹进行3周的饲养试验,探讨饲料不同碳水化合物水平对稚蟹生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响,以期确定拟穴青蟹稚蟹饲料碳水化合物的适宜需要量。结果表明,不同碳水化合物水平饲料对拟穴青蟹稚蟹的成活率、生长均有显著影响(P<0.05),均随碳水化合物水平的升高先显著增大(P<0.05)后显著减小(P<0.05),均在碳水化合物水平为30.17%时达到最大值;随着饲料碳水化合物水平的升高,拟穴青蟹稚蟹的蛋白质和灰分含量也呈先显著升高(P<0.05)后显著降低(P<0.05)的趋势,均在碳水化合物水平为35.30%时达到最大值,而稚蟹的水分和脂肪含量没有显著变化(P>0.05);不同碳水化合物水平饲料组拟穴青蟹稚蟹的蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性的变化不显著(P>0.05),而淀粉酶活性有显著变化(P<0.05),高碳水化合物水平饲料组(35.30%—39.95%)稚蟹的淀粉酶活性显著高于低碳水化合物水平饲料组(20.34%—25.59%,P<0.05)。在研究条件下,饲料碳水化合物水平在25.59%—35.30%内,拟穴青蟹稚蟹均表现出较好的生长率,增重率和碳水化合物水平的回归分析表明,稚蟹饲料碳水化合物的最适添加水平为29.93%。
To investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile crab,Scylla paramamosain,five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with varying carbohydrate contents of 20.34%,25.59%,30.17%,35.30% and 39.95% were fed to juvenile crabs with an average body weight of(38.11±0.55) mg of triplicate groups,respectively,for a 3-week feeding trial.Results showed that the survival rate,weight gain ratio and specific growth rate of the juvenile crabs significantly increased firstly and then decreased under the increased dietary carbohydrate level(P<0.05) with the highest level at 30.17%.With the increasing dietary carbohydrate level,the body crude protein and body ash contents of the crabs were significantly increased firstly and then decreased(P<0.05) with the highest level at 35.30%.Dietary carbohydrate level significantly affected amylase activity(P<0.05) without any significant influence on protease and lipase activities(P>0.05).The amylase activity significantly induced by high carbohydrate level(P<0.05).These results indicate that the diet with 25.59%—35.30%carbohydrate could greatly support growth performance.The regression model analysis showed that the most suitable dietary carbohydrate level reach the highest weight gain ratio is 29.93%.
To investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile crab,Scylla paramamosain,five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with varying carbohydrate contents of 20.34%,25.59%,30.17%,35.30% and 39.95% were fed to juvenile crabs with an average body weight of(38.11±0.55) mg of triplicate groups,respectively,for a 3-week feeding trial.Results showed that the survival rate,weight gain ratio and specific growth rate of the juvenile crabs significantly increased firstly and then decreased under the increased dietary carbohydrate level(P<0.05) with the highest level at 30.17%.With the increasing dietary carbohydrate level,the body crude protein and body ash contents of the crabs were significantly increased firstly and then decreased(P<0.05) with the highest level at 35.30%.Dietary carbohydrate level significantly affected amylase activity(P<0.05) without any significant influence on protease and lipase activities(P>0.05).The amylase activity significantly induced by high carbohydrate level(P<0.05).These results indicate that the diet with 25.59%—35.30%carbohydrate could greatly support growth performance.The regression model analysis showed that the most suitable dietary carbohydrate level reach the highest weight gain ratio is 29.93%.
引文
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[4]Xing S J,Sun R J,Ma J,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate on growth performance and glycometabolism of large yellow croaker larimichthys crocea[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(2):265-276[邢淑娟,孙瑞健,马俊,等.饲料糖水平对大黄鱼生长和糖代谢的影响.水生生物学报,2017,41(2):265-276]
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[6]Liu X W.Research progress on the study of utilization of carbohydrate of crustacea[J].Guangdong Feed,2015,24(1):42-44[刘兴旺.甲壳动物碳水化合物利用研究进展.广东饲料,2015,24(1):42-44]
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[8]Pan L Q,Xiao G Q,Zhang H X.Effects of different dietary amylum content on growth and amylase activity of eriocheir sinensis larvae[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30(3):327-332[潘鲁青,肖国强,张红霞.中华绒螯蟹幼体发育阶段对淀粉营养需要的研究.水生生物学报,2006,30(3):327-332]
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[11]Rosas C,Cuzon G,Gaxiola G,et al.Influence of dietary carbohydrate on the metabolism of juvenile Litopenaeus stylirostris[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,2000,249(2):181-198
[12]Jin N,Lin H Z,Jiang S G,et al.Effect of seven carbohydrate sources on juvenile Penaeus monodon,growth performance,nutrient utilization efficiency and hepatopancreas enzyme activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase,hexokinase and amylase[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,2012,174(1-2):86-95
[13]Lin Q,Li S J,Li Z B,et al.Species composition in genus Scylla from the coast of southeast China[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2007,31(2):211-219[林琪,李少菁,黎中宝,等.中国东南沿海青蟹属(Scylla)的种类组成.水产学报,2007,31(2):211-219]
[14]Xu M Z,Zhang Q,Dong L F,et al.Effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Scylla paramamosain[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(3):987-994[许明珠,张琴,董兰芳,等.饲料脂肪水平对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成及消化酶活性的影响.动物营养学报,2017,29(3):987-994]
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[19]Gou S P,Chen N S,Xu X T,et al.Effects of dietary digestible starch levels on growth performance,body composition,and nonspecific immunological index of large mouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(10):1499-1510[苟仕潘,陈乃松,徐祥泰,等.饲料中可消化淀粉对大口黑鲈生长、体组成和非特异性免疫指标的影响.水产学报,2015,39(10):1499-1510]
[20]Jiang L H,Wu H Y,Huang K,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance and liver metabolism functions of juvenile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(2):245-255[蒋利和,吴宏玉,黄凯,等.饲料糖水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝代谢功能的影响.水产学报,2013,37(2):245-255]
[21]Xu M Z,Zhang Q,Tong W P,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate level on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile peanut worm,Sipunculus nudus[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(3):534-542[许明珠,张琴,童万平,等.饲料糖水平对方格星虫稚虫生长、体组成和消化酶活性的影响.动物营养学报,2013,25(3):534-542]
[22]Qi Y,Sun X J,Yu G,et al.Effects of dietary digestible carbohydrate level on postprandial metabolism of Jade perch Scortum barcoo[J].South China Fisheries Science,2010,6(2):59-65[齐野,孙向军,于刚,等.饲料可消化糖水平对宝石鲈餐后代谢的影响.南方水产科学,2010,6(2):59-65]
[23]Zhang L L,Zhou Q C,Cheng Y Q.Effect of dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance of juvenile spotted Babylon(Babylonia areolata Link 1807)[J].Aquaculture,2009,295(3):238-242
[24]Fu S J,Xie X J.Effect of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance in Silurus meridionalis Chen[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(4):393-398[付世建,谢小军.饲料碳水化合物水平对南方鲇生长的影响.水生生物学报,2005,29(4):393-398]
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