依托物理模型的叠后裂缝敏感地震属性优选与应用
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摘要
在更关注中小尺度裂缝构造的现阶段,大尺度裂缝研究不可或缺。预测大尺度裂缝的常用方法是地震属性分析,因此寻找并选用对(不同尺度)裂缝敏感的地震属性成为关键。基于多裂缝参数地震物理模型,开展叠后属性分析,研究地震属性对裂缝参数的敏感性,然后优选敏感属性进行多属性融合。结果表明:在单一属性裂缝预测中,倾角约束分频相干属性具有明显优势,但难以识别三维空间某一方向尺度小于λ/4的裂缝带;频率衰减梯度属性对裂缝带尺度敏感,谱分解相位调谐体属性对裂缝密度敏感,振幅属性对裂缝方位和缝面倾角敏感;曲率等几何属性、相干属性和物理属性的融合不仅能突出大断裂,还能降低多解性。
The research on meso-and micro-scale fractures attracts more attention at the present time;however the study of macroscale fractures is also essential and cannot be ignored.Poststack attribute analysis is normally used to detect macro fractures;therefore,the crux of the matter is hunting for seismic sensitive attributes for fractures,especially with different parameters.Based on a seismic physical model of multi-fracture parameters,poststack multi-attributes are primarily analyzed to obtain ascendant sensitive attributes which are then used to do multi-attribute fusion.The following results are obtained:A.For single-attribute,46 Hz isofrequency coherence attribute under constraints of dips has obvious advantages for macroscale fracture zones in poststack fracture prediction and it is difficult to identify the fracture zone as long as the scale of a direction in 3 Dspace is less thanλ/4;B.Frequency attenuation gradient attribute is sensitive to fracture scale,phase data cube of spectral factorization to fracture density,and amplitude to fracture orientation and fracture inclination;C.The fusion of curvature,coherence and physical attributes can not only highlight characteristics of macroscale fracture zones,but also reduce multiplicity of solutions.
The research on meso-and micro-scale fractures attracts more attention at the present time;however the study of macroscale fractures is also essential and cannot be ignored.Poststack attribute analysis is normally used to detect macro fractures;therefore,the crux of the matter is hunting for seismic sensitive attributes for fractures,especially with different parameters.Based on a seismic physical model of multi-fracture parameters,poststack multi-attributes are primarily analyzed to obtain ascendant sensitive attributes which are then used to do multi-attribute fusion.The following results are obtained:A.For single-attribute,46 Hz isofrequency coherence attribute under constraints of dips has obvious advantages for macroscale fracture zones in poststack fracture prediction and it is difficult to identify the fracture zone as long as the scale of a direction in 3 Dspace is less thanλ/4;B.Frequency attenuation gradient attribute is sensitive to fracture scale,phase data cube of spectral factorization to fracture density,and amplitude to fracture orientation and fracture inclination;C.The fusion of curvature,coherence and physical attributes can not only highlight characteristics of macroscale fracture zones,but also reduce multiplicity of solutions.
引文
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[17] 孔选林,唐建明,徐天吉.曲率属性在川西新场地区裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):517-520.KONG Xuanlin,TANG Jianming,XU Tianji.Application of curvature attribute in fracture detection of New Area in Western Sichuan[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):517-520.
[18] 赵牧华,杨文强,崔辉霞.用方差体技术识别小断层及裂隙发育带[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(3):216-218.ZHAO Muhua,YANG Wenqiang,CUI Huixia.Application of variance cube technology to the interpretation of small faults and fractured zones[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2006,28(3):216-218.
[19] 汪杰,汪锐.基于方差相干体的断层识别方法[J].工程地球物理学报,2016,13(1):46-51.WANG Jie,WANG Rui.Fault identification method based on variance-coherence Cubes[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2016,13(1):46-51.
[20] 张延庆,魏小东,王亚楠,等.谱分解技术在QL油田小断层识别与解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):584-586,591.ZHANG Yanqing,WEI Xiaodong,WANG Yanan,et al.Application of spectral factorization in recognition and interpretation of minor faults in QL oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(5):584-586,591.
[21] 汪勇,陈学国,王月蕾,等.叠后多属性分析在哈山西石炭系火山岩裂缝预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(4):1772-1779.WANG Yong,CHEN Xueguo,WANG Yuelei,et al.Application of multiple post-stack seismic attributes in the prediction of carboniferous fracture in west Hashan[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(4):1772-1779.
[22] 李建雄,崔全章,魏小东.地震属性在微断层解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):925-929.LI Jianxiong,CUI Quanzhang,WEI Xiaodong.Application of seismic attributes in micro-fault interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(6):925-929.
[23] 韦红,朱仕军,谭勇,等.地震相干体技术在识别小断层和裂缝中的应用——以川西地区沙溪庙组为例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):362-365.WEI Hong,ZHU Shijun,TAN Yong,et al.Application of seismic coherence cube in identification of minor faults and fractures:Case study of Shaximiao Formation,western Sichuan[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(5):362-365.
[24] 李婷婷,王钊,马世忠,等.地震属性融合方法综述[J].地球物理学迸展,2015,30(1):378-385.LI Tingting,WANG Zhao,MA Shizhong,et al.Summary of seismic attributes fusion method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(1):378-385.
[25] 徐丽萍.多属性融合技术在塔中碳酸盐岩缝洞储层预测中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2010,7(1):19-22.XU Liping.The application of multi-attribute fusion technology to the reservoir prediction of carbonate fracture and cavity in Tazhong area[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2010,7(1):19-22.
[26] 赵小辉,于宝利,曹小璐.属性融合技术在微小断裂识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):164-169.ZHAO Xiaohui,YU Baoli,CAO Xiaolu.Minor fault identification with seismic multi-attribute fusion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):164-169.
[27] 仲伟军,姚卫江,贾春明,等.地震多属性断裂识别技术在中拐凸起石炭系中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):135-139.ZHONG Weijun,YAO Weijiang,JIA Chunming,et al.Fault and fracture identification in Carboniferous,Zhongguai Uplift,Junggar Basin with seismic multi-attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):135-139.
[28] 王玲玲,魏建新,黄平,等.裂缝储层地震物理模拟研究[J].石油科学通报,2017,(2):210-227.WANG Lingling,WEI Jianxin,HUANG Ping,et al.Study of seismic physical modelling of fractured reservoirs[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2017,(2):210-227.
[29] Taner M T,Schuelke J S,O’Doherty R,et al.Seismic attributes revisited[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1994,13(1):1104-1106.
[2] Chen S Q,Zeng L B,Huang P,et al.The application study on the multi-scales integrated prediction me-thod to fractured reservoir description[J].Applied Geophysics,2016,13(1):80-92.
[3] Rüger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947.
[4] Tsvankin I,Thomsen L.Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1994,59(8):1290-1304.
[5] Grechka V and Tsvankin I.3-D moveout velocity analysis and parameter estimation for orthorhombic media[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):820-837.
[6] Qu S L,Ji Y X,Wang X,et al.Fracture detection by using full azimuth P wave attributes[J].Applied Geophysics,2007,4(3):238-243.
[7] Wang S,Li X Y,Qian Z,et al.Physical modelling studies of 3-D P-wave seismic for fracture detection[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,168(2):745-756.
[8] 王洪求,杨午阳,谢春辉,等.不同地震属性的方位各向异性分析及裂缝预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):925-931.WANG Hongqiu,YANG Wuyang,XIE Chunhui,et al.Azimuthal anisotropy analysis of different seismic attributes and fracture prediction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):925-931.
[9] An Y.Fracture prediction using prestack Q calcula-tion and attenuation anisotropy[J].Applied Geophy-sics,2015,12(3):432-440.
[10] Wang L L,Wei J X,Huang P,et al.Seismic prediction method of multiscale fractured reservoir[J].Applied Geophysics,2018,15(2):240-252.
[11] 王永刚,刘礼农.利用相干数据体检测断层与特殊岩性体[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2000,24(1):69-72.WANG Yonggang,LIU Linong.Automatic detection of faults and special lithologic body by using coherence algorithm[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,2000,24(1):69-72.
[12] 刘传虎.地震相干分析技术在裂缝油气藏预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):238-243.LIU Chuanhu.Application of seismic coherent analysis technology to prediction of fractured reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(2):238-243.
[13] 王志君,黄军斌.利用相干技术和三维可视化技术识别微小断层和砂体[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):378-381.WANG Zhijun,HUANG Junbin.Identification of micro-fault and sandbody by using coherence technique and 3-D visualization[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(3):378-381.
[14] 佘德平,曹辉,郭全仕.断裂系统解释与储层预测中的三维相干技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(1):100-105.SHE Deping,CAO Hui,GUO Quanshi.3D coherence technique in fault system interpretation and reservoir prediction[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(1):100-105.
[15] 王雷,陈海清,陈国文,等.应用曲率属性预测裂缝发育带及其产状[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):885-889.WANG Lei,CHEN Haiqing,CHEN Guowen,et al.Application of curvature attributes in predicting fracture-developed zone and its orientation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(6):885-889.
[16] 杨威,贺振华,陈学华.三维体曲率属性在断层识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):110-115.YANG Wei,HE Zhenhua,CHEN Xuehua.Application of three-dimensional volumetric curvature attri-butes to fault identification[J].Progress in Geophy-sics,2011,26(1):110-115.
[17] 孔选林,唐建明,徐天吉.曲率属性在川西新场地区裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):517-520.KONG Xuanlin,TANG Jianming,XU Tianji.Application of curvature attribute in fracture detection of New Area in Western Sichuan[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):517-520.
[18] 赵牧华,杨文强,崔辉霞.用方差体技术识别小断层及裂隙发育带[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(3):216-218.ZHAO Muhua,YANG Wenqiang,CUI Huixia.Application of variance cube technology to the interpretation of small faults and fractured zones[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2006,28(3):216-218.
[19] 汪杰,汪锐.基于方差相干体的断层识别方法[J].工程地球物理学报,2016,13(1):46-51.WANG Jie,WANG Rui.Fault identification method based on variance-coherence Cubes[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2016,13(1):46-51.
[20] 张延庆,魏小东,王亚楠,等.谱分解技术在QL油田小断层识别与解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):584-586,591.ZHANG Yanqing,WEI Xiaodong,WANG Yanan,et al.Application of spectral factorization in recognition and interpretation of minor faults in QL oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(5):584-586,591.
[21] 汪勇,陈学国,王月蕾,等.叠后多属性分析在哈山西石炭系火山岩裂缝预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(4):1772-1779.WANG Yong,CHEN Xueguo,WANG Yuelei,et al.Application of multiple post-stack seismic attributes in the prediction of carboniferous fracture in west Hashan[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(4):1772-1779.
[22] 李建雄,崔全章,魏小东.地震属性在微断层解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):925-929.LI Jianxiong,CUI Quanzhang,WEI Xiaodong.Application of seismic attributes in micro-fault interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(6):925-929.
[23] 韦红,朱仕军,谭勇,等.地震相干体技术在识别小断层和裂缝中的应用——以川西地区沙溪庙组为例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):362-365.WEI Hong,ZHU Shijun,TAN Yong,et al.Application of seismic coherence cube in identification of minor faults and fractures:Case study of Shaximiao Formation,western Sichuan[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(5):362-365.
[24] 李婷婷,王钊,马世忠,等.地震属性融合方法综述[J].地球物理学迸展,2015,30(1):378-385.LI Tingting,WANG Zhao,MA Shizhong,et al.Summary of seismic attributes fusion method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(1):378-385.
[25] 徐丽萍.多属性融合技术在塔中碳酸盐岩缝洞储层预测中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2010,7(1):19-22.XU Liping.The application of multi-attribute fusion technology to the reservoir prediction of carbonate fracture and cavity in Tazhong area[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2010,7(1):19-22.
[26] 赵小辉,于宝利,曹小璐.属性融合技术在微小断裂识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):164-169.ZHAO Xiaohui,YU Baoli,CAO Xiaolu.Minor fault identification with seismic multi-attribute fusion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):164-169.
[27] 仲伟军,姚卫江,贾春明,等.地震多属性断裂识别技术在中拐凸起石炭系中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):135-139.ZHONG Weijun,YAO Weijiang,JIA Chunming,et al.Fault and fracture identification in Carboniferous,Zhongguai Uplift,Junggar Basin with seismic multi-attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(S2):135-139.
[28] 王玲玲,魏建新,黄平,等.裂缝储层地震物理模拟研究[J].石油科学通报,2017,(2):210-227.WANG Lingling,WEI Jianxin,HUANG Ping,et al.Study of seismic physical modelling of fractured reservoirs[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2017,(2):210-227.
[29] Taner M T,Schuelke J S,O’Doherty R,et al.Seismic attributes revisited[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1994,13(1):1104-1106.
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