鄂尔多斯东北部致密砂岩气藏地层水成因及分布规律
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摘要
通过地震、钻井、测井及生产动态等资料,结合压汞、气水相渗、物性和水化学等测试分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部神木气田地层水的化学特征、成因、空间分布特征及控制因素进行了研究。研究区处于气水过渡区,地层水属于"Ⅴ"型Ca Cl2型,以低矿化度的"酸点水"和高矿化度的常规地层水为主。纵向上,各层之间沉积、岩相差异及距气源远近不同是造成地层水纵向差异分布的主要因素。本溪组与太原组层内稳定分布的多套致密灰岩阻碍了烃类进入储层,造成原始气藏充注程度不高,地层水相对富集;石千峰组远离气源中心,烃类供给不足,气驱水不彻底;山西组属"自生自储"成藏组合,充注程度高,产水量少。平面上,受晚白垩世末期盆地"西倾"构造运动影响,盆地东北部整体抬升并发生气水二次调整,导致含气层位增多,连续气柱高度上升;同时气藏压力下降,盆地边缘地层水顺层侵入,各层均不同程度产水,形成"多层含气、普遍低产、气水同产"的格局,表现为自西向东地层水的规模及产水量逐渐增大,矿化度逐渐升高。研究结果为鄂尔多斯盆地边缘气水空间分布及成因理论提供了一定科学依据。
The chemical features,genesis,spatial distribution characteristics and controlling factors of the formation water in Shenmu gas field,northeastern Ordos Basin,were studied by the analysis of seismic,drilling and logging,as well as performance data combined with test analysis of mercury injection,gas-water relative permeability,physical and hydrochemical properties. Since the studied area is located in the transitional area from water to gas,the formation water herein is of "V-shaped"CaCl2 type,with low salinity"acid water"and high salinity conventional formation water being dominant. Vertically,the differential distribution of formation water are mainly caused by the differences of deposition,lithofacies and distance from gas source for various formations. Multiple tight limestones distributed in the Benxi and Taiyuan Formations have blocked the entry of hydrocarbons into reservoirs,leading to a low degree of gas charging for the original reservoirs and relatively high enrichment of formation water. The Shiqianfeng Formation,located far away from gas source,is in short of hydrocarbon supply with incomplete gas displacement of water. The Shanxi Formation is a self-sourced indigenous play,which has a high degree of gas charging and low quantity of water produced. Horizontally,influenced by the"west-dipping"structural movement of the basin in the Late Cretaceous,the northeastern Ordos Basin uplifted as a wholealong with the secondary adjustment of water/gas contact,producing more gas-bearing horizons and continuously increasing the height of gas columns; meanwhile,the pressure in the gas reservoir decreased,and the formation water at the basin margin invaded into bed laterally,leading to the pattern of "multiple gas layers,low gas yield and water-gas co-production",characterized by the ever-increasing formation water scale and water production from west to east with a gradual increase of salinity. The results provide some basis for prediction of the spatial distribution and genesis of gas and water at the margin of the Ordos Basin.
The chemical features,genesis,spatial distribution characteristics and controlling factors of the formation water in Shenmu gas field,northeastern Ordos Basin,were studied by the analysis of seismic,drilling and logging,as well as performance data combined with test analysis of mercury injection,gas-water relative permeability,physical and hydrochemical properties. Since the studied area is located in the transitional area from water to gas,the formation water herein is of "V-shaped"CaCl2 type,with low salinity"acid water"and high salinity conventional formation water being dominant. Vertically,the differential distribution of formation water are mainly caused by the differences of deposition,lithofacies and distance from gas source for various formations. Multiple tight limestones distributed in the Benxi and Taiyuan Formations have blocked the entry of hydrocarbons into reservoirs,leading to a low degree of gas charging for the original reservoirs and relatively high enrichment of formation water. The Shiqianfeng Formation,located far away from gas source,is in short of hydrocarbon supply with incomplete gas displacement of water. The Shanxi Formation is a self-sourced indigenous play,which has a high degree of gas charging and low quantity of water produced. Horizontally,influenced by the"west-dipping"structural movement of the basin in the Late Cretaceous,the northeastern Ordos Basin uplifted as a wholealong with the secondary adjustment of water/gas contact,producing more gas-bearing horizons and continuously increasing the height of gas columns; meanwhile,the pressure in the gas reservoir decreased,and the formation water at the basin margin invaded into bed laterally,leading to the pattern of "multiple gas layers,low gas yield and water-gas co-production",characterized by the ever-increasing formation water scale and water production from west to east with a gradual increase of salinity. The results provide some basis for prediction of the spatial distribution and genesis of gas and water at the margin of the Ordos Basin.
引文
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(1)卢涛,冯强汉,王华,等.高桥地区上古生界储层评价及富集区筛选.中国石油长庆油田研究院,2012.
[2]王晓梅,赵靖舟,刘新社,等.苏里格气田西区致密砂岩储层地层水分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):802-810.Wang Xiaomei,Zhao Jingzhou,Liu Xinshe,et al. Distribution of formation water in tight sandstone reservoirs of western Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(5):802-810.
[3]王晓梅,赵靖舟,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界现今地层压力分布特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,35(5):646-651.Wang Xiaomei,Zhao Jingzhou,Liu Xinshe,et al. Distribution characteristics and genesis of present formation pressure of the upper paleozoic in the eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2013,35(5):646-651.
[4]于强.鄂尔多斯盆地中东部地区古生界热演化史与天然气成藏[D].西安:西北大学,2012.Yu Qiang. The paleozoic thermal evolution history and natural gas accumulation of the central and eastern parts of Ordos Basin[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2012.
[5]胡安平,李剑,张文正,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上、下古生界和中生界天然气地球化学特征及成因类型对比[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37(增刊):157-166.Hu Anping,Li Jian,Zhang Wenzheng,et al. The contrast of gas geochemistry and genetic types in the upper and lower paleozoic and mesozoic,Ordos Basin[J]. Science in China(Series D):Earth Science,2007,37(Supp.):157-166.
[6]吴浩,郑丽,慈建发.新场气田须二段地层水地球化学特征及其石油地质意义[J].天然气勘探与开发,2012,35(4):41-44.Wu Hao,Zheng Li,Ci Jianfa. Geochemical characteristics of formation water in xujiahe 2 mem-ber,Xinchang Gasfield[J]. Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2012,35(4):41-44.
[7]程付启,金强,姜桂凤,等.地层水在天然气保存中的积极作用[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(5):626-628.Cheng Fuqi,Jin Qiang,Jiang Guifeng,et al. Positive effect of formation water on conservation of natural gas[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(5):626-628.
[8]王运所,许化政,王传刚,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界地层水分布与矿化度特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):748-753.Wang Yunsuo,Xu Huazheng,Wang Chuangang,et al. Characteristics of the salinity and distribution of the neopaleozoic formation water in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):748-753.
[9]杨宇,周文,徐春阳,等.子洲气田山2气藏地层水分布模式[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(3):14-18.Yang Yu,Zhou Wen,Xu Chunyang,et al. Research of aquifer distribution in shan2 reservoir of Zizhou gas field[J]. Journal Of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(3):14-18.
[10]王继平,李跃刚,王宏,等.苏里格西区苏X区块致密砂岩气藏地层水分布规律[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(4):387-393.Wang Jiping,Li Juegang,Wang Hong,et al. Study on formation water distribution law in tight sandstone gas reservoir of Su x block in west area of Su Lige,Ordos Basin,China[J]. Journal of Cheng du University of Technology(Science&Technogy Edition),2013,40(4):387-393.
[11]梁积伟,李荣西,陈玉良.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西部盒8段地层水地球化学特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(5):625-630.Liang Jiwei,Li Rongxi,Chen Yuliang. Geochemical behaviors and genesis of formation water in 8thmember of xiashihezi formation inwestern sulige gas field,Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(5):625-630.
[12]覃伟,李仲东,郑振恒,等.鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田地层水特征及成因分析[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):115-119.Qin Wei,Li Zhongdong,Zheng Zhenheng,etal. Characteristics and genesis of formation water in daniudi gas field,Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(5):115-119.
[13]沈忠民,宫亚军,刘四兵,等.川西坳陷新场地区上三叠统须家河组地层水成因探讨[J].地质评论,2010,56(1):82-87.Shen Zhongmin,Gong Yajun,Liu Sibing,et al. A discussion on genesis of the upper triassic Xujiahe formation water in Xinchang area,western Sichuan depression[J]. Geological Review,2010,56(1):82-87.
[14]杨华,刘新社,闰小雄,等.鄂尔多斯盆地神木气田的发现与天然气成藏地质特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(6):1-12.Yang Hua,Liu Xinshe,Yan Xiaoxiong,et al. The Shenmu gasfield in the Ordos Basin:its discovery and reservoir-forming geological characteristics[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(6):1-12.
[15]赵良金,杨广林,王瑞飞,等.东濮凹陷裂缝性砂岩油气藏主控因素及成藏模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):196-202.Zhao Liangjin,Yang Guanglin,Wang Ruifei,et al. Key controlling factors and reservoir-forming model of the fractured sandstone reservoirs in Dongpu Sag[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(2):196-202.
[16]赵文智,胡素云,王红军,等.中国中低丰度油气资源大型化成藏与分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(1):1-13.Zhao Wenzhi,Hu Suyun,Wang Hongjun,et al. Large-scale accumulation and distribution of medium-low abundance hydrocarbon resources in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(1):1-13.
[17]王瑞飞,陈明强.特低渗透砂岩储层可动流体赋存特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,2008,29(4):558-561.Wang Ruifei,Chen Mingqiang. Characteristics and influencing factors of movable fluid in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(4):558-561.
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