广东前汛期锋面强降水和后汛期季风强降水特征对比分析
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摘要
应用近二十年的历史观测资料和EC再分析资料,对由锋面和季风槽两种不同天气系统影响下广东发生的两组暴雨过程的天气形势、降水/短时强降水落区及其对流活动和物理量特征进行了诊断分析和对比分析。结果表明:无论是前汛期锋面降水还是后汛期季风降水,珠三角(珠江三角洲)地区都是次中心,有大到暴雨量级降水。珠三角地区也是小时雨量≥50 mm的短时强降水高发区。前汛期锋面对流活动的抬升凝结高度约在900～850 hPa,南北方向的温度梯度提供了斜压不稳定能量,0～3 km强的风垂直切变使对流易于维持和发展;对流区有较强的水汽通量辐合;风暴相对螺旋度较大,对流的旋转性和沿着旋转方向的移动特征明显。相对而言,后汛期季风强降水对流凝结高度更低,对流活动具有正压的热带对流性质,可在弱的水汽通量辐合和垂直风切变环境中维持,但对流强度不如前汛期。以上结论可为同类天气的短期和短临主客观预报提供预报思路和依据。
Using historical weather data and EC reanalysis data, the characteristics of two kinds of rainstorm processes, one caused by fronts during the April-May-June(AMJ) raining season and the other by monsoon surges during the July-August-September(JAS) raining season, are contrastively analyzed. The results are shown as follows. The Pearl River Delta region was the subcentre of both types of rainfall. Most of the short-time heavy rainfall(more than 50 mm per hour) occurred in the Pearl River delta. In the AMJ raining season, the lifting and condensation height of convection was between 900 hPa and 850 hPa, a north-south oriented temperature gradient provided the energy of baroclinic instability, and intense vertical wind shear at0 to 3 km made it easy for the convection to maintain and develop. There was strong convergence of water vapor flux in the area of convection. Relative storm helicity was large so that the convection rotated and moved towards the rotating direction. Relatively speaking, the lifting and condensation height of convection for the JAS raining season was even lower, with the convection being barotropic and tropical, and capable of maintaining in weak convergence of water-vapor flux and vertical wind shear, though it was weaker than that of the AMJ raining season. The conclusions above can be used as general foundations in the short-term forecasting and nowcasting of these kinds of weather.
Using historical weather data and EC reanalysis data, the characteristics of two kinds of rainstorm processes, one caused by fronts during the April-May-June(AMJ) raining season and the other by monsoon surges during the July-August-September(JAS) raining season, are contrastively analyzed. The results are shown as follows. The Pearl River Delta region was the subcentre of both types of rainfall. Most of the short-time heavy rainfall(more than 50 mm per hour) occurred in the Pearl River delta. In the AMJ raining season, the lifting and condensation height of convection was between 900 hPa and 850 hPa, a north-south oriented temperature gradient provided the energy of baroclinic instability, and intense vertical wind shear at0 to 3 km made it easy for the convection to maintain and develop. There was strong convergence of water vapor flux in the area of convection. Relative storm helicity was large so that the convection rotated and moved towards the rotating direction. Relatively speaking, the lifting and condensation height of convection for the JAS raining season was even lower, with the convection being barotropic and tropical, and capable of maintaining in weak convergence of water-vapor flux and vertical wind shear, though it was weaker than that of the AMJ raining season. The conclusions above can be used as general foundations in the short-term forecasting and nowcasting of these kinds of weather.
引文
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[11]梁巧倩,项颂翔,林良根,等.华南前汛期MCS的活动特征及组织发展形式[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(4):465-476.
[12]何立富,陈涛,孔期.华南暖区暴雨研究进展[J].应用气象学报,2016,27(5):559-569.
[13]林长城,张长安,林忠敏,等.前汛期福建地区GMS-5红外云图的亮温度与地面雨强的关系研究[J].热带气象学报,2003,19(1):67-72.
[14]冯业荣,王作述.一次梅雨锋暴雨过程Q1和Q2的结构[J].热带气象学报,1995,11(1):86-91.
[15] DAVIES-JONES R, PONALD B. Test of helicity as a tornado forecast parameter[C]//preprint of the 16th conference on Severe Local Storm,Lananaskis, Lata, Canada Amer Meteor Soc, Oct 22-26,1990:588-593.
[16]罗聪,胡胜,张羽,等.锋面与暖区短时强降水的特征差异分析[J].广东气象,2015,37(3):6-10.
[17]李丽平,周林,俞子闲.华南前汛期降水的年代际异常特征及其成因[J].大气科学学报,2018,41(2):186-197.
[2]池艳珍,何金海,吴志伟.华南前汛期不同降水时段的特征分析[J].南京气象学院学报,2005,28(2):163-171.
[3]黄忠,张东,林良勋.广东后汛期季风槽暴雨天气形势特征分析[J].气象,2005,31(9):19-23.
[4]左瑞亭,曾庆存,张铭.季风及季风与西风带相互关系的数值模拟研究[J].大气科学,2004,28(1):7-22.
[5]夏如娣,赵思雄,孙建华.一类华南锋前暖区暴雨β中尺度系统环境特征的分析研究[J].大气科学,2006,30(5):988-1 008.
[6]张晓美,蒙伟光,张艳霞,等.华南暖区暴雨中尺度对流系统的分析[J].热带气象学报,2009,25(5),551-559.
[7]张晓惠,倪允琪.华南前汛期锋面对流系统与暖区对流系统的个例分型与对比研究[J].气象学报,2009,67(1):108-121.
[8]唐细坝,平凡,罗哲贤.中尺度模式积云参数化方案的改进及其在暴雨模拟中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(1):45-58.
[9] DEE D P, UPPALA D P,SIMMONS S M A J, et al. The ERA-Interim reanalysis:Configuration and performance of the dataassimilation system[J]. Q J R Meteorol Soc, 2011, 137:553-597. DOI:10.1002/qj.828.
[10]丘军,李江南,梁毅进,等.广东省持续性暴雨的气候特征[J].热带地理,2008,28(5):405-410.
[11]梁巧倩,项颂翔,林良根,等.华南前汛期MCS的活动特征及组织发展形式[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(4):465-476.
[12]何立富,陈涛,孔期.华南暖区暴雨研究进展[J].应用气象学报,2016,27(5):559-569.
[13]林长城,张长安,林忠敏,等.前汛期福建地区GMS-5红外云图的亮温度与地面雨强的关系研究[J].热带气象学报,2003,19(1):67-72.
[14]冯业荣,王作述.一次梅雨锋暴雨过程Q1和Q2的结构[J].热带气象学报,1995,11(1):86-91.
[15] DAVIES-JONES R, PONALD B. Test of helicity as a tornado forecast parameter[C]//preprint of the 16th conference on Severe Local Storm,Lananaskis, Lata, Canada Amer Meteor Soc, Oct 22-26,1990:588-593.
[16]罗聪,胡胜,张羽,等.锋面与暖区短时强降水的特征差异分析[J].广东气象,2015,37(3):6-10.
[17]李丽平,周林,俞子闲.华南前汛期降水的年代际异常特征及其成因[J].大气科学学报,2018,41(2):186-197.
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