航天飞行器管路结构的动力学强度分析与试验
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摘要
航天飞行器管路呈现结构轻薄、力学环境恶劣、使用应力大、易产生低周疲劳的特点,曾多次发生飞行故障.随着航天飞行器向着轻质化、可重复使用、高可靠性的发展,对管路结构提出了由环境适应性定性考核向动力学强度定量评估转变的迫切要求.本文首先对基于Miles公式、模态均方根值等国内外管路结构动力学载荷分析方法的基本原理及其应用进行了介绍,用其指导管路结构动力学设计.其次结合工程实际,对管路结构动力学强度分析中常用的Steinberg快速评估、基于统计模型的频域疲劳分析等理论方法及技术要点进行了总结.最后结合航天领域管路结构动力学强度设计、分析与试验的研究现状,对有待于进一步开展研究的工程和科学问题进行了展望.
The pipelines of aerospacecrafts have characteristics of light and thin structures, severe mechanical environment, high operating stresses and easy to cause low cycle fatigues, and they have broken down in flight for many times. With the development of aerospacecrafts for lightness, reuseable and high reliability, the pressing requirements of pipelines change from environmental adaptability qualitative check to dynamic strength quantitative evaluation. This article firstly introduces the fundamental principles and applications of dynamic load analysis methods for pipelines base on the Miles formula, the modal root mean square(RMS) value, etc., and uses it to guide the dynamic design of pipelines. Then basing on engineering practices, it summaries the theoretical methods and technical key points of the Steinberg fast assessment and the frequency domain fatigue analysis base on statistics model, etc., which are always used in the dynamic strength analysis of pipelines. Finally, combining with the investigation status of design, analysis and test for pipeline dynamic strength in aerospace field, it outlooks the engineering and scientific problems needed to be studied further.
The pipelines of aerospacecrafts have characteristics of light and thin structures, severe mechanical environment, high operating stresses and easy to cause low cycle fatigues, and they have broken down in flight for many times. With the development of aerospacecrafts for lightness, reuseable and high reliability, the pressing requirements of pipelines change from environmental adaptability qualitative check to dynamic strength quantitative evaluation. This article firstly introduces the fundamental principles and applications of dynamic load analysis methods for pipelines base on the Miles formula, the modal root mean square(RMS) value, etc., and uses it to guide the dynamic design of pipelines. Then basing on engineering practices, it summaries the theoretical methods and technical key points of the Steinberg fast assessment and the frequency domain fatigue analysis base on statistics model, etc., which are always used in the dynamic strength analysis of pipelines. Finally, combining with the investigation status of design, analysis and test for pipeline dynamic strength in aerospace field, it outlooks the engineering and scientific problems needed to be studied further.
引文
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3 Wang S,Zhang D M,Han W L,et al.Loads design and evaluation technology for pipeline structures(in Chinese).Struct Environ Eng,2017,44:30-37[王帅,张冬梅,韩文龙,等.管路结构振动载荷设计与评估技术.强度与环境,2017,44:30-37]
4 NASA.Dynamic Environmental Criteria(NASA-HDBK-7005).NASA Standards Program Office,2001
5 ECSS-E-HB-32-26A.Space Engineering Spacecraft Mechanical Loads Analysis Handbook.ECSS-Secretariat ESA-ESTEC Requirements&Standards Division,2013
6 Bendat J S.Probability functions for random responses.NASA report on contract NAS-5-4590,1964
7 Dirlik T.Application of computers in fatigue analysis.Dissertation for Doctoral Degree.Coventry:University of Warwick,1985
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11 Wang S,Zhang M M,Liu Z,et al.Dynamic strength valuation method of pipeline structures under preload(in Chinese).J Beijing Univ Aeronaut Astron,2016,42:745-750[王帅,张明明,刘桢,等.预载荷作用下管路结构动强度评估方法研究.北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42:745-750]
12 Aircraft Design General Editorial Board.Aircraft Design Manual(Nineth Volume:Load,Strength and Stiffness)(in Chinese).Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2001[飞机设计手册总编委会.飞机设计手册(第9册:载荷、强度和刚度).北京:航空工业出版社,2001]
13 Halfpenny A.A frequency damain approach for fatigue life estimation(in Chinese).China Mech Eng,1998,9:16-19[Halfpenny A.基于功率谱密度信号的疲劳寿命估计.中国机械工程,1998,9:16-19]
14 Wang S,Li B L,Jia L.The fatigue damage research of space pipeline structures under uniaxial/multiaxial random vibration(in Chinese).Struct Environ Eng,2012,39:36-41[王帅,李佰灵,贾亮.空间管路结构单多轴随机振动环境下的疲劳损伤研究.强度与环境,2012,39:36-41]
15 Nastran Embedded Vibration Fatigue User’s Guide,MSC Software,2017
16 Avitabile P.We updated a composite model but the properties seem to not be physical.Can the model be used for response studies?Exp Tech,2013,37:4-6
17 Ariane5 Launcher Structure and Technology Translation Group.Ariane5 launcher structure and technology version(in Chinese).Beijing:First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Press,1999[阿里安5火箭结构与技术编译组.阿里安5火箭结构与技术译文集.北京:中国运载火箭技术研究院,1999]
18 Liu S,Yang D F,et al.The basic methodology and requirement of experimental study on vibration strength of liquid rocket engine(in Chinese).Beijing:First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Press,2000.1-51[刘爽、杨殿飞,等译.液体火箭发动机振动强度试验研究的基本方法和要求.北京:中国运载火箭技术研究院,2000.1-51]
19 Hamma G A,Stroud R C,Underwood M A.A review of multiaxis/multiexciter Vibration Technology.Sound Vib,1996,4:20-27
20 Wu J J,Rong K L.Multi-dimensional vibration environmental test method(in Chinese).Missiles Space Veh,2003,4:27-32[吴家驹,荣克林.多维振动环境试验方法.导弹与航天运载技术,2003,4:27-32]
21 Department of Defense.Environmental Engineering Consideration and Laboratory Tests(MIL-STD-810G).Aeronautical Systems Center,2008
2 NASA-TM-X-64669.Vibration Manual.U.S.Government Printing Office.1971,507-531
3 Wang S,Zhang D M,Han W L,et al.Loads design and evaluation technology for pipeline structures(in Chinese).Struct Environ Eng,2017,44:30-37[王帅,张冬梅,韩文龙,等.管路结构振动载荷设计与评估技术.强度与环境,2017,44:30-37]
4 NASA.Dynamic Environmental Criteria(NASA-HDBK-7005).NASA Standards Program Office,2001
5 ECSS-E-HB-32-26A.Space Engineering Spacecraft Mechanical Loads Analysis Handbook.ECSS-Secretariat ESA-ESTEC Requirements&Standards Division,2013
6 Bendat J S.Probability functions for random responses.NASA report on contract NAS-5-4590,1964
7 Dirlik T.Application of computers in fatigue analysis.Dissertation for Doctoral Degree.Coventry:University of Warwick,1985
8 Bishop N W M,Hu Z,Wang R.Methods for rapid evaluation of fatigue damage on the Howden HWP330 wind turbine.In:British Wind Energy Conference.New York,1998
9 Wang L,Ni Q,Zhang Q,et al.Estimation of fatigue life of pressure piping system under random excitations(in Chinese).J Huazhong Univ Sci Tech,2003,31:100-102[王琳,倪樵,张强,等.随机激励下高压管道的疲劳寿命分析.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31:100-102]
10 Newland D E.An Introduction to Stochastic Vibration Specanalysis(in Chinese).Beijing:China Machine Press,1978[纽兰D E.随机振动与谱分析概论.北京:机械工业出版社,1978]
11 Wang S,Zhang M M,Liu Z,et al.Dynamic strength valuation method of pipeline structures under preload(in Chinese).J Beijing Univ Aeronaut Astron,2016,42:745-750[王帅,张明明,刘桢,等.预载荷作用下管路结构动强度评估方法研究.北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42:745-750]
12 Aircraft Design General Editorial Board.Aircraft Design Manual(Nineth Volume:Load,Strength and Stiffness)(in Chinese).Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2001[飞机设计手册总编委会.飞机设计手册(第9册:载荷、强度和刚度).北京:航空工业出版社,2001]
13 Halfpenny A.A frequency damain approach for fatigue life estimation(in Chinese).China Mech Eng,1998,9:16-19[Halfpenny A.基于功率谱密度信号的疲劳寿命估计.中国机械工程,1998,9:16-19]
14 Wang S,Li B L,Jia L.The fatigue damage research of space pipeline structures under uniaxial/multiaxial random vibration(in Chinese).Struct Environ Eng,2012,39:36-41[王帅,李佰灵,贾亮.空间管路结构单多轴随机振动环境下的疲劳损伤研究.强度与环境,2012,39:36-41]
15 Nastran Embedded Vibration Fatigue User’s Guide,MSC Software,2017
16 Avitabile P.We updated a composite model but the properties seem to not be physical.Can the model be used for response studies?Exp Tech,2013,37:4-6
17 Ariane5 Launcher Structure and Technology Translation Group.Ariane5 launcher structure and technology version(in Chinese).Beijing:First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Press,1999[阿里安5火箭结构与技术编译组.阿里安5火箭结构与技术译文集.北京:中国运载火箭技术研究院,1999]
18 Liu S,Yang D F,et al.The basic methodology and requirement of experimental study on vibration strength of liquid rocket engine(in Chinese).Beijing:First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Press,2000.1-51[刘爽、杨殿飞,等译.液体火箭发动机振动强度试验研究的基本方法和要求.北京:中国运载火箭技术研究院,2000.1-51]
19 Hamma G A,Stroud R C,Underwood M A.A review of multiaxis/multiexciter Vibration Technology.Sound Vib,1996,4:20-27
20 Wu J J,Rong K L.Multi-dimensional vibration environmental test method(in Chinese).Missiles Space Veh,2003,4:27-32[吴家驹,荣克林.多维振动环境试验方法.导弹与航天运载技术,2003,4:27-32]
21 Department of Defense.Environmental Engineering Consideration and Laboratory Tests(MIL-STD-810G).Aeronautical Systems Center,2008
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