快速启温好氧堆肥过程中关键酶活性变化规律研究
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摘要
实验利用一套自行设计的水浴式供能好氧堆肥系统,以典型有机垃圾-餐厨垃圾为原料进行了3批堆肥处理试验,第1批实验利用太阳能供能,第2批利用太阳能辅助电能供能,第3批无任何外加能量,研究了此3种供能堆肥过程中物质降解与关键性酶的活性变化规律.实验结果显示:(1)第1批受外界天气影响较大,堆温变化波动幅度大,最高堆肥只有43℃,仅为中温堆肥;第2批实验最高堆温可达56℃,高温堆肥期有4 d;第3批实验完全为常温堆肥,反映出外界环境温度的影响较大;(2)第2批实验最终的C/N值为10.2,低于第1批的12.1与第3批的13.7,表明第2批实验中物料降解更彻底;(3)第2批实验过程中,过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶的活性均高于第1批与第3批实验,表明第2批实验过程中的生化反应更剧烈.其中,过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性在初期较高,堆体温度上升后迅速下降,并保持在较低水平;蛋白酶活性初期较高,随堆温的升高而上升,反映出在堆肥的不同阶段发挥主导作用的酶活性不同.
In the experiment a self-designed water bath-type aerobic composting system is used to carry out three sets of composting treatment of typical organic waste-household kitchen waste. In the 1 st set of experiments solar energy is utilized, and solar energy is used in addition to electric energy supply for the 2 nd set, while in the3 rd set no external energy is added. Study is conducted on degradation of organic matters and variations of enzyme activity during composting. The experimental results show that: 1) The results in the 1 st set of experiments are greatly dependent on the outdoors weather, and compost varies with large fluctuation of stack temperature. The highest compost is only 43 ℃, belonging to the medium temperature compost; the highest stack temperature in the 2 nd set is 56 ℃, and the high temperature composting period is 4 d. The 3 rd set of experiments is conducted in the completely normal temperature composting, reflecting the greater impact of external environmental temperature; 2) The final C/N value of the 2 nd set of experiments is 10.2, lower than both12.1 in the 1 st set and 13.7 in the 3 rd set, indicating that the material degradation is completed more thoroughly in the 2 nd set of experiments; 3) In the process of the 2 nd set of experiments, the activities of catalase, urease and protease are higher than those involving the 1 st set and the 3 rd set, indicating that the biochemical reaction in the2 nd set of experiments is more active. Among them, the roles played by catalase and urease are more active at the initial stage, and the temperature of the heap rapidly decreases and remains at a low level. The protease activity is more notable at the beginning and increases with the heap temperature growing higher, suggesting the difference in composting. It is found that the enzyme activitiy playing a leading role varies with the different stage.
In the experiment a self-designed water bath-type aerobic composting system is used to carry out three sets of composting treatment of typical organic waste-household kitchen waste. In the 1 st set of experiments solar energy is utilized, and solar energy is used in addition to electric energy supply for the 2 nd set, while in the3 rd set no external energy is added. Study is conducted on degradation of organic matters and variations of enzyme activity during composting. The experimental results show that: 1) The results in the 1 st set of experiments are greatly dependent on the outdoors weather, and compost varies with large fluctuation of stack temperature. The highest compost is only 43 ℃, belonging to the medium temperature compost; the highest stack temperature in the 2 nd set is 56 ℃, and the high temperature composting period is 4 d. The 3 rd set of experiments is conducted in the completely normal temperature composting, reflecting the greater impact of external environmental temperature; 2) The final C/N value of the 2 nd set of experiments is 10.2, lower than both12.1 in the 1 st set and 13.7 in the 3 rd set, indicating that the material degradation is completed more thoroughly in the 2 nd set of experiments; 3) In the process of the 2 nd set of experiments, the activities of catalase, urease and protease are higher than those involving the 1 st set and the 3 rd set, indicating that the biochemical reaction in the2 nd set of experiments is more active. Among them, the roles played by catalase and urease are more active at the initial stage, and the temperature of the heap rapidly decreases and remains at a low level. The protease activity is more notable at the beginning and increases with the heap temperature growing higher, suggesting the difference in composting. It is found that the enzyme activitiy playing a leading role varies with the different stage.
引文
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[11]李兵,董志颖,王英.两种供能方式对厨余垃圾好氧堆肥的影响研究[J].环境工程,2012,30(5):86-90.
[12]Kaosol T,Kiepukdee S,Towatana P.Influence of nitrogen containing wastes addition on natural aerobic composting of rice straw[J].American Journal of Agricultural&Biological Science,2012,7(2):121-128.
[13]许晓杰,冯向鹏,张锋,等,餐厨垃圾资源化处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015:30-31.
[14]蓝俞静,刘玉德,张媛,等.餐厨垃圾生物好氧堆肥的影响因素研究[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(S1):30-33.
[15]林宋,承中良,张冉,等.产出垃圾处理关键技术与设备[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013:47-51.
[16]耿晓洒,汤庆丰,邢美燕,等.城市污泥好氧堆肥研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(18):107-110.
[17]周继豪,沈小东,张平,等.基于好氧堆肥的有机固体废物资源化研究进展[J].化学与生物工程,2017,34(2):13-18.
[18]唐璐,曹晓晓,和苗苗.好氧堆肥过程中含碳有机物演化特征研究进展[J].杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,14(2):217-224.
[19]马瑶,王宏哲,彭举威,等.不同C/N比的村镇剩余污泥堆肥资源化研究[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,32(1):29-32.
[20]朱新梦,董雯怡,王洪媛,等.堆肥方式对氮素损失和留存的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(16):97-104.
[21]李兵,王英,董志颖.餐厨垃圾与水葫芦联合好氧堆肥生物质组分分类表征[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2531-2538.
[22]Raut M P,Prince William S P M,Bhattacharyya J K,et al.Microbial dynamics and enzyme activities during rapid composting of municipal solid waste:A compost maturity analysis perspective[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(14):6512-6519.
[23]赵洪颜,李杰,刘晶晶,等.沼液堆肥和牛粪堆肥发酵过程中酶活性及理化指标变化的差异[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(2):153-157.
[24]张凯煜,谷洁,赵听,等.土霉素和磺胺二甲嘧啶对堆肥过程中酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):3927-3936.
[25]谭小琴,邓良伟,伍钧,等.猪场废水堆肥化处理过程中微生物及酶活性的变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2006(1):244-248.
[26]贾传兴,彭绪亚,袁荣焕,等.生物可降解度判定生活垃圾堆肥处理的稳定性[J].中国给水排水,2006(5):68-70.
[27]牛俊玲,郑宾国,梁丽珍.餐厨垃圾堆肥过程中水解酶活性变化的研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(11):284-288.
[28]李琬,许修宏.外源微生物对堆肥理化性质及酶活影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):592-596.
[29]陈智学,谷洁,高华,等.土霉素对堆肥过程中酶活性和微生物群落代谢的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6957-6966.
[2]时朝辉,张明.餐厨垃圾处理研究现状[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(9):95-96.
[3]Zhang D Q,Tan S K,Gersberg R M.Municipal solid waste management in China:Status,problems and challenges[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91(8):1623-1633.
[4]蔡旺炜,陈俐慧,王为木,等.我国城市厨余垃圾好氧堆肥研究综述[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(6):8-13.
[5]农传江,徐智,汤利,等.餐厨垃圾特性及处理技术分析[J].环境工程,2014,32(S1):626-629;692.
[6]金杨.餐厨垃圾特性及处理技术研究[J].绿色环保建材,2017(7):222.
[7]Gabhane J,William S P,Bidyadhar R,et al.Additives aided composting of green waste:Effects on organic matter degradation,compost maturity,and quality of the finished compost[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114(2):382-388.
[8]石文军.全程高温好氧堆肥快速降解城市生活垃圾及其腐熟度判定[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.
[9]曹云,黄红英,钱玉婷,等.超高温预处理装置及其促进鸡粪稻秸好氧堆肥腐熟效果[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(13):243-250.
[10]任连海,何亮,宁娜,等.餐厨垃圾高效好氧堆肥过程参数的影响因素研究[J].北京工商大学学报(自然科学版),2010,28(5):40-44.
[11]李兵,董志颖,王英.两种供能方式对厨余垃圾好氧堆肥的影响研究[J].环境工程,2012,30(5):86-90.
[12]Kaosol T,Kiepukdee S,Towatana P.Influence of nitrogen containing wastes addition on natural aerobic composting of rice straw[J].American Journal of Agricultural&Biological Science,2012,7(2):121-128.
[13]许晓杰,冯向鹏,张锋,等,餐厨垃圾资源化处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015:30-31.
[14]蓝俞静,刘玉德,张媛,等.餐厨垃圾生物好氧堆肥的影响因素研究[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(S1):30-33.
[15]林宋,承中良,张冉,等.产出垃圾处理关键技术与设备[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013:47-51.
[16]耿晓洒,汤庆丰,邢美燕,等.城市污泥好氧堆肥研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(18):107-110.
[17]周继豪,沈小东,张平,等.基于好氧堆肥的有机固体废物资源化研究进展[J].化学与生物工程,2017,34(2):13-18.
[18]唐璐,曹晓晓,和苗苗.好氧堆肥过程中含碳有机物演化特征研究进展[J].杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,14(2):217-224.
[19]马瑶,王宏哲,彭举威,等.不同C/N比的村镇剩余污泥堆肥资源化研究[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,32(1):29-32.
[20]朱新梦,董雯怡,王洪媛,等.堆肥方式对氮素损失和留存的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(16):97-104.
[21]李兵,王英,董志颖.餐厨垃圾与水葫芦联合好氧堆肥生物质组分分类表征[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2531-2538.
[22]Raut M P,Prince William S P M,Bhattacharyya J K,et al.Microbial dynamics and enzyme activities during rapid composting of municipal solid waste:A compost maturity analysis perspective[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(14):6512-6519.
[23]赵洪颜,李杰,刘晶晶,等.沼液堆肥和牛粪堆肥发酵过程中酶活性及理化指标变化的差异[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(2):153-157.
[24]张凯煜,谷洁,赵听,等.土霉素和磺胺二甲嘧啶对堆肥过程中酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):3927-3936.
[25]谭小琴,邓良伟,伍钧,等.猪场废水堆肥化处理过程中微生物及酶活性的变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2006(1):244-248.
[26]贾传兴,彭绪亚,袁荣焕,等.生物可降解度判定生活垃圾堆肥处理的稳定性[J].中国给水排水,2006(5):68-70.
[27]牛俊玲,郑宾国,梁丽珍.餐厨垃圾堆肥过程中水解酶活性变化的研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(11):284-288.
[28]李琬,许修宏.外源微生物对堆肥理化性质及酶活影响的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):592-596.
[29]陈智学,谷洁,高华,等.土霉素对堆肥过程中酶活性和微生物群落代谢的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6957-6966.
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