研发团队知识协同动机研究——基于组织学习的视角
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摘要
基于组织学习的视角,从知识贡献者和知识寻求者两方面,探讨影响研发团队成员主动参与知识协同的动机因素,并构建理论模型。结果表明,个人声誉、共享意愿及群体认同对知识贡献者参与组织学习的动机具有不同影响;社会地位、渠道多样化及社会存在感对知识寻求者的主动性具有显著正向影响;应用性学习与探索性学习均对协同创新绩效有显著影响,且前者的影响大于后者;团队激励对组织学习和知识协同创新绩效间的关系具有干预调节作用。
From the perspective of organizational learning,this paper explores the motivating factors that affect R&D team members' participation in knowledge collaboration from the perspective of both the knowledge contributors and seekers,and constructs the theoretical model. The results show that personal reputation,sharing willingness and group identification exert different effects on the motivations of knowledge contributors involved in organizational learning; social status,channel variety and social presence have a significant positive impact on the initiative of knowledge seekers; exploitative learning and explorative learning significantly impact collaborative innovation performance,and the impact of the former is larger than that of the latter; the team motivation has regulating effect on the relationship between organizational learning and innovation performance of knowledge collaboration.
From the perspective of organizational learning,this paper explores the motivating factors that affect R&D team members' participation in knowledge collaboration from the perspective of both the knowledge contributors and seekers,and constructs the theoretical model. The results show that personal reputation,sharing willingness and group identification exert different effects on the motivations of knowledge contributors involved in organizational learning; social status,channel variety and social presence have a significant positive impact on the initiative of knowledge seekers; exploitative learning and explorative learning significantly impact collaborative innovation performance,and the impact of the former is larger than that of the latter; the team motivation has regulating effect on the relationship between organizational learning and innovation performance of knowledge collaboration.
引文
[1]樊治平,冯博,俞竹超.知识协同的发展及研究展望[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007(11):85-91.
[2]王颖,彭灿.知识异质性与知识创新绩效的关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29(4):119-123.
[3]KARLENZIG W. Tap into the power of knowledge collaboration.(Customer Relationship Management).[J]. Customer Inter,2002(5):86-98.
[4]陈昆玉,陈昆琼.论企业知识协同[J].情报科学,2002,20(9):986-989.
[5]佟泽华.知识协同的内涵探析[J].情报理论与实践,2011,34(11):11-15.
[6]李丹.企业群知识协同要素及过程模型研究[J].图书情报工作,2009,53(14):76-79.
[7]冯博,樊治平.基于协同效应的知识创新团队伙伴选择方法[J].管理学报,2012,9(2):258-261.
[8]储节旺,吴川徽.知识流动视角下社会化网络的知识协同作用研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(2):31-36.
[9]魏想明,舒曼.影响研发联盟的知识协同效应因素探究[J].科技创业月刊,2012(6):14-16.
[10]储节旺,张静.企业开放式创新知识协同的作用、影响因素及保障措施研究[J].现代情报,2017,37(1):25-30.
[11]陈建斌,付丽丽,薛云.应用Web2. 0提升企业创新能力的知识协同机制:基于社会网络和社会资本视角的知识创新理论研究[J].西部论坛,2015(2):100-108.
[12]陈国权.组织学习和学习型组织:概念、能力模型、测量及对绩效的影响[J].管理评论,2009,21(1):107-116.
[13]HULT G,FERRELL C. Global organizational learning capacity in purchasing:construct and measurement[J]. Journal of Business research,1997(40):97-111.
[14]张韬,刘家凤,赵莉.绩效整合扩展模型市场导向对组织绩效作用机制研究、组织学习与组织创新的作用[J]科技进步与对策,2009,26(9):26-29.
[15]MARCH J G. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning[J]. Organization Science,1991,2(1):71-87.
[16]代吉林,张书军,李新春.知识资源的网络获取与集群企业模仿创新能力构建:以组织学习为调节变量的结构方程检验[J].软科学,2009,23(7):76-82.
[17]戴勇,胡明溥.产学研伙伴异质性对知识共享的影响及机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(6):66-79.
[18]BALDWIN T T,FORD J K. Transfer of training:a review and direction for future research[J]. Personnel Psychology,1988,41(1):63-105.
[19]GUPTA A K,GOVINDARAJAN V. Knowledge flows within multinational corporations[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(4):473-496.
[20]SZULANSKI G. Exploring internal stickiness:impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996(17)(Winter Special Issue):27-43.
[21]HANSEN M T. The search-transfer problem:the role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1999,44(1):82-111.
[22]HENDRIKS P. Why sharing knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing[J]. Knowledge and Process Management,1999,6(2):91-100.
[23]SCOTT K,WALKER A. Team building:the manager's complete guide to teams in organizations[M]. New York:Practice Hall,1995.
[24]DAVENPORT T H,DELONG D W,BEERS M C. Successful knowledge management projects[J]. Sloan Management Review,1998,39(2):43-57.
[25]LIN H F. Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions[J]. Journal of Information Science,2007,3(2):135-149.
[26]HSU M H,JU T L,YEH C H,et al. Knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities:the relationship between trust self-efficacy and outcome expectation[J]. Human Computer Studies,2007(65):153-169.
[27]QUIGLEY N R,TESLUK P E,LOCKE E A,et al. A multilevel investigation of the motivational mechanisms underlying knowledge sharing and performance[J]. Organization Science,2007,18(1):71-88.
[28]赵书松,廖建桥,张可军.个体知识共享动机:国外研究综述与本土化的理论拓展[J].情报杂志,2010,29(1):114-122.
[29]常涛.团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响及其作用机制研究[D].上海:华中科技大学,2008.
[30]张永军,廖建桥.基于动机视角的知识共享考核研究[J].情报杂志,2010,29(1):108-113.
[31]赵书松,廖建桥.一个基于系统思考理论的个体知识共享分析框架[J].科学学研究,2008,26(6):1255-1260,1266.
[32]杜智涛.网络知识社区中用户“知识化”行为影响因素:基于知识贡献与知识获取两个视角[J].图书情报知识,2017(2):105-119.
[33]施丽芳,廖飞,丁德明.个人声誉关注作为心理不确定的缓解器:程序公平-合作关系下的实证研究[J].管理世界,2012(12):97-114,187-188.
[34]ZINKO,ROBERT,FERRIS,et al. Personal reputation in organizations:two-study constructive replication and extension of antecedents and consequences[J],Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,2012,85(1):156-180.
[35]廖飞,施丽芳,茅宁,等.竞争优势感知、个人声誉激励与知识工作者的内生动机:以知识的隐性程度为调节变量[J].南开管理评论,2010,13(1):134-145.
[36]冯长利,韩玉彦.供应链视角下共享意愿、沟通与知识共享效果关系的实证研究[J].软科学,2012,26(4):48-53.
[37]CHANG H H,CHUANG S S. Social capital and individual motivations on knowledge sharing:participant involvement as a moderate[J]. Information Management,2011,48(1):9-18.
[38]殷融,张菲菲.群体认同在集群行为中的作用机制[J].心理科学进展,2015,23(9):1637-1646.
[39]SUTTON R I,HARGADON A. Brainstorming groups in context:effectiveness in a product design firm[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly 1996,41(4):685-718.
[40]FLYNN F J,REAGANS R E,AMANNATULLAH E T,et al. Helping one’s way to the top:self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2006,91(6):1123-1137.
[41]DINO A,REYSEN S,BRANSCOMBE N R. Online interactions between group members who differ in status[J]. Journal of Language and Social psychology,2008,28(1):85-93.
[42]郭京京.产业集群中知识存储惯例对企业创新绩效的影响研究:知识管理的视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(6):76
[43]NAHAPIET,GHOSHAL S. Social capital,intellectual capital,and the organizational advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review,1998,23(2):242-266.
[42]DESOUZA K C. Facilitating tacit knowledge exchange[J]. Communications of the ACM 2003,46(6):85-88.
[45]吴绍波,顾新.知识链组织之间合作的知识协同研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008(8):83-87.
[46]陈建斌,郭彦丽,徐凯波.基于资本增值的知识协同效益评价研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(5):35-43.
[47]郭彦丽,高书丽,陈建斌.文化创意型团队知识协同绩效影响因素研究[J].科技与经济,2016,29(2):81-85.
[48]MABEY C. SALAMEN G. Strategic human resource management[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1998:21-30.
[49]HULT G. HURLEY R F. KNIGHT G A. Innovativeness:its antecedents and impact on business performance[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2004,33(5):429-438.
[50]葛明贵,汪昱娟,段好宁.个体知识共享研究:基于心理学的分析[J].现代情报,2014,34(3):12-15,20.
[51]段光,杨忠,徐彪.团队激励、二元共享行为与团队有效性:知识异质性的过程调节效应[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(5):160-170.
[52]CHENNAMANENI A. Determinants of knowledge sharing behaviors:developing and testing an integrated theoretical model[D]. Arlington:The University of Texas at Arlington,2006.
[53]BOCK G W,ZMUD R W,KIM Y G,et al. Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing:examining the roles of extrinsic motivators,social-psychological forces,and organizational climate[J].MIS quarterly,2005,29(1):87-111.
[54]钟华.弱势群体成员的认同管理策略研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2008.
[55]罗家德,郑孟育.派系对组织内一般信任的负面影响[J].管理学家(学术版),2009(3):3-13,76.
[56]陈国权.复杂变化环境下人的学习能力:概念、模型、测量及影响[J].中国管理科学,2008,16(1):147-157.
[57]李肖锋,王倩,张龙革.虚拟学习社区中社会存在感的影响因素研究[J].开放教育研究,2012,18(6):87-94.
[58]尹惠斌,游达明,刘海运.环境动态性对探索性学习与突破性创新绩效关系的调节效应研究[J].华东经济管理,2014,28(8):107-112.
[59]赵鑫.组织创新氛围、知识共享与员工创新行为[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[60]朱朝晖.探索性学习、挖掘性学习和创新绩效[J].科学学研究,2008,26(4):860-867.
[2]王颖,彭灿.知识异质性与知识创新绩效的关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2012,29(4):119-123.
[3]KARLENZIG W. Tap into the power of knowledge collaboration.(Customer Relationship Management).[J]. Customer Inter,2002(5):86-98.
[4]陈昆玉,陈昆琼.论企业知识协同[J].情报科学,2002,20(9):986-989.
[5]佟泽华.知识协同的内涵探析[J].情报理论与实践,2011,34(11):11-15.
[6]李丹.企业群知识协同要素及过程模型研究[J].图书情报工作,2009,53(14):76-79.
[7]冯博,樊治平.基于协同效应的知识创新团队伙伴选择方法[J].管理学报,2012,9(2):258-261.
[8]储节旺,吴川徽.知识流动视角下社会化网络的知识协同作用研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(2):31-36.
[9]魏想明,舒曼.影响研发联盟的知识协同效应因素探究[J].科技创业月刊,2012(6):14-16.
[10]储节旺,张静.企业开放式创新知识协同的作用、影响因素及保障措施研究[J].现代情报,2017,37(1):25-30.
[11]陈建斌,付丽丽,薛云.应用Web2. 0提升企业创新能力的知识协同机制:基于社会网络和社会资本视角的知识创新理论研究[J].西部论坛,2015(2):100-108.
[12]陈国权.组织学习和学习型组织:概念、能力模型、测量及对绩效的影响[J].管理评论,2009,21(1):107-116.
[13]HULT G,FERRELL C. Global organizational learning capacity in purchasing:construct and measurement[J]. Journal of Business research,1997(40):97-111.
[14]张韬,刘家凤,赵莉.绩效整合扩展模型市场导向对组织绩效作用机制研究、组织学习与组织创新的作用[J]科技进步与对策,2009,26(9):26-29.
[15]MARCH J G. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning[J]. Organization Science,1991,2(1):71-87.
[16]代吉林,张书军,李新春.知识资源的网络获取与集群企业模仿创新能力构建:以组织学习为调节变量的结构方程检验[J].软科学,2009,23(7):76-82.
[17]戴勇,胡明溥.产学研伙伴异质性对知识共享的影响及机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016,37(6):66-79.
[18]BALDWIN T T,FORD J K. Transfer of training:a review and direction for future research[J]. Personnel Psychology,1988,41(1):63-105.
[19]GUPTA A K,GOVINDARAJAN V. Knowledge flows within multinational corporations[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21(4):473-496.
[20]SZULANSKI G. Exploring internal stickiness:impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1996(17)(Winter Special Issue):27-43.
[21]HANSEN M T. The search-transfer problem:the role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1999,44(1):82-111.
[22]HENDRIKS P. Why sharing knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing[J]. Knowledge and Process Management,1999,6(2):91-100.
[23]SCOTT K,WALKER A. Team building:the manager's complete guide to teams in organizations[M]. New York:Practice Hall,1995.
[24]DAVENPORT T H,DELONG D W,BEERS M C. Successful knowledge management projects[J]. Sloan Management Review,1998,39(2):43-57.
[25]LIN H F. Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions[J]. Journal of Information Science,2007,3(2):135-149.
[26]HSU M H,JU T L,YEH C H,et al. Knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities:the relationship between trust self-efficacy and outcome expectation[J]. Human Computer Studies,2007(65):153-169.
[27]QUIGLEY N R,TESLUK P E,LOCKE E A,et al. A multilevel investigation of the motivational mechanisms underlying knowledge sharing and performance[J]. Organization Science,2007,18(1):71-88.
[28]赵书松,廖建桥,张可军.个体知识共享动机:国外研究综述与本土化的理论拓展[J].情报杂志,2010,29(1):114-122.
[29]常涛.团队性绩效考核对知识共享的影响及其作用机制研究[D].上海:华中科技大学,2008.
[30]张永军,廖建桥.基于动机视角的知识共享考核研究[J].情报杂志,2010,29(1):108-113.
[31]赵书松,廖建桥.一个基于系统思考理论的个体知识共享分析框架[J].科学学研究,2008,26(6):1255-1260,1266.
[32]杜智涛.网络知识社区中用户“知识化”行为影响因素:基于知识贡献与知识获取两个视角[J].图书情报知识,2017(2):105-119.
[33]施丽芳,廖飞,丁德明.个人声誉关注作为心理不确定的缓解器:程序公平-合作关系下的实证研究[J].管理世界,2012(12):97-114,187-188.
[34]ZINKO,ROBERT,FERRIS,et al. Personal reputation in organizations:two-study constructive replication and extension of antecedents and consequences[J],Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,2012,85(1):156-180.
[35]廖飞,施丽芳,茅宁,等.竞争优势感知、个人声誉激励与知识工作者的内生动机:以知识的隐性程度为调节变量[J].南开管理评论,2010,13(1):134-145.
[36]冯长利,韩玉彦.供应链视角下共享意愿、沟通与知识共享效果关系的实证研究[J].软科学,2012,26(4):48-53.
[37]CHANG H H,CHUANG S S. Social capital and individual motivations on knowledge sharing:participant involvement as a moderate[J]. Information Management,2011,48(1):9-18.
[38]殷融,张菲菲.群体认同在集群行为中的作用机制[J].心理科学进展,2015,23(9):1637-1646.
[39]SUTTON R I,HARGADON A. Brainstorming groups in context:effectiveness in a product design firm[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly 1996,41(4):685-718.
[40]FLYNN F J,REAGANS R E,AMANNATULLAH E T,et al. Helping one’s way to the top:self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2006,91(6):1123-1137.
[41]DINO A,REYSEN S,BRANSCOMBE N R. Online interactions between group members who differ in status[J]. Journal of Language and Social psychology,2008,28(1):85-93.
[42]郭京京.产业集群中知识存储惯例对企业创新绩效的影响研究:知识管理的视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(6):76
[43]NAHAPIET,GHOSHAL S. Social capital,intellectual capital,and the organizational advantage[J]. Academy of Management Review,1998,23(2):242-266.
[42]DESOUZA K C. Facilitating tacit knowledge exchange[J]. Communications of the ACM 2003,46(6):85-88.
[45]吴绍波,顾新.知识链组织之间合作的知识协同研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008(8):83-87.
[46]陈建斌,郭彦丽,徐凯波.基于资本增值的知识协同效益评价研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(5):35-43.
[47]郭彦丽,高书丽,陈建斌.文化创意型团队知识协同绩效影响因素研究[J].科技与经济,2016,29(2):81-85.
[48]MABEY C. SALAMEN G. Strategic human resource management[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1998:21-30.
[49]HULT G. HURLEY R F. KNIGHT G A. Innovativeness:its antecedents and impact on business performance[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2004,33(5):429-438.
[50]葛明贵,汪昱娟,段好宁.个体知识共享研究:基于心理学的分析[J].现代情报,2014,34(3):12-15,20.
[51]段光,杨忠,徐彪.团队激励、二元共享行为与团队有效性:知识异质性的过程调节效应[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(5):160-170.
[52]CHENNAMANENI A. Determinants of knowledge sharing behaviors:developing and testing an integrated theoretical model[D]. Arlington:The University of Texas at Arlington,2006.
[53]BOCK G W,ZMUD R W,KIM Y G,et al. Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing:examining the roles of extrinsic motivators,social-psychological forces,and organizational climate[J].MIS quarterly,2005,29(1):87-111.
[54]钟华.弱势群体成员的认同管理策略研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2008.
[55]罗家德,郑孟育.派系对组织内一般信任的负面影响[J].管理学家(学术版),2009(3):3-13,76.
[56]陈国权.复杂变化环境下人的学习能力:概念、模型、测量及影响[J].中国管理科学,2008,16(1):147-157.
[57]李肖锋,王倩,张龙革.虚拟学习社区中社会存在感的影响因素研究[J].开放教育研究,2012,18(6):87-94.
[58]尹惠斌,游达明,刘海运.环境动态性对探索性学习与突破性创新绩效关系的调节效应研究[J].华东经济管理,2014,28(8):107-112.
[59]赵鑫.组织创新氛围、知识共享与员工创新行为[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[60]朱朝晖.探索性学习、挖掘性学习和创新绩效[J].科学学研究,2008,26(4):860-867.
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