铬污染土壤稳定化处理对蚯蚓的毒性效应
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摘要
浸出毒性测试是评价重金属污染土壤稳定化处理效果的主要方法,但该方法不能准确反映稳定化处理后土壤的生物毒性变化.本研究以多硫化钙(CPS)稳定化处理的电镀厂铬(Cr)污染土壤为对象,以赤子爱胜蚓为指示生物,研究评估土壤稳定化处理的生物毒性效应.结果表明,在Cr污染土壤中,随着CPS投加量的增加,蚯蚓的毒性效应逐渐减弱随后增强.高浓度Cr污染土壤经过CPS稳定化处理后仍然具有明显的生物毒性,CPS与土壤中Cr(VI)投加比(物质的量比,下同)为3时土壤浸出毒性虽满足浸出标准,但对蚯蚓的7 d致死效应高达100%,且暴毒期间出现肉眼可见的外部形态变化,回避率为83.3%,在暴毒第5 d时蚯蚓体内总Cr含量为20.9 mg·kg~(-1).CPS对蚯蚓具有较强的生物毒性作用,在不含Cr污染的对照组土壤中,CPS投加量与稳定化处理Cr污染土壤中稳定化药剂投加比为5相同时,蚯蚓的7 d急性毒性致死率为100%.蚯蚓的致死率和外部形态变化可快速直观地反映重金属污染土壤的生物毒性,可为土壤稳定化处理的安全性与生物毒性评估提供参考依据.
Leaching toxicity test is an appropriate method to evaluate the stabilization treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil, but it cannot precisely reflect the biotoxicity changes after stabilization in soil. The objective of current study is to evaluate the biotoxicity effect of soil stabilization, Cr contaminated soil treated by CPS was selected as the research object, and Eisenia fetida was employed as indicator. According to obtained results the increase of CPS dosage in Cr contaminated soil lead to weakened toxicity effect on earthworms at first and was later strengthened. High concentration Cr contaminated soil showed obvious biotoxicity even after CPS stabilization, when molar ration of CPS to Cr(VI) was 3, the leaching toxicity could reach the leaching standard, but at the same ratio, earthworm mortality was up to 100% at the 7 th day of exposure period with appearance of visible external morphological changes, while the avoidance rate was 83.3%, and the total Cr content of earthworms was 20.9 mg·kg~(-1) at the 5 th day of the exposure period. Moreover, CPS itself also possessed toxic effects on earthworms. In the control group soil, which contained CPS at the molar ration of 5 but no Cr contamination, the acute toxicity fatality of earthworms reached 100% at the 7 th day of the exposure period. The fatality rate and morphological changes of earthworm directly showed the biotoxicity of heavy metal contaminated soils, that can be the reference to safety and biotoxicity evaluation of soil stabilization.
Leaching toxicity test is an appropriate method to evaluate the stabilization treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil, but it cannot precisely reflect the biotoxicity changes after stabilization in soil. The objective of current study is to evaluate the biotoxicity effect of soil stabilization, Cr contaminated soil treated by CPS was selected as the research object, and Eisenia fetida was employed as indicator. According to obtained results the increase of CPS dosage in Cr contaminated soil lead to weakened toxicity effect on earthworms at first and was later strengthened. High concentration Cr contaminated soil showed obvious biotoxicity even after CPS stabilization, when molar ration of CPS to Cr(VI) was 3, the leaching toxicity could reach the leaching standard, but at the same ratio, earthworm mortality was up to 100% at the 7 th day of exposure period with appearance of visible external morphological changes, while the avoidance rate was 83.3%, and the total Cr content of earthworms was 20.9 mg·kg~(-1) at the 5 th day of the exposure period. Moreover, CPS itself also possessed toxic effects on earthworms. In the control group soil, which contained CPS at the molar ration of 5 but no Cr contamination, the acute toxicity fatality of earthworms reached 100% at the 7 th day of the exposure period. The fatality rate and morphological changes of earthworm directly showed the biotoxicity of heavy metal contaminated soils, that can be the reference to safety and biotoxicity evaluation of soil stabilization.
引文
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Chrysochoou M,Ferreira D R,Johnston C P.2010.Calcium polysulfide treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,179(1):650-657
Coller-Myburgh C V,Rensburg L V,Maboeta M.2014.Utilizing earthworm and microbial assays to assess the ecotoxicity of chromium mine wastes[J].Applied Soil Ecology,83:258-265
高岩,骆永明.2005.蚯蚓对土壤污染的指示作用及其强化修复的潜力[J].土壤学报,42(1):140-148
刘馥雯,罗启仕,卢鑫,等.2018.多硫化钙对铬污染土壤处理效果的长期稳定性研究[J].环境科学学报,38(5):1999-2007
卢聪,李青青,罗启仕,等.2013.场地土壤中有效态砷的稳定化处理及机理研究[J].中国环境科学,33(2):298-304
卢鑫,罗启仕,刘馥雯,等.2017.硫化物对电镀厂铬污染土壤的稳定化效果及其机理研究[J].环境科学学报,37(6):2315-2321
Lee S H,Lee J S,Choi Y J,et al.2009.In situ stabilization of cadmium-,lead-,and zinc-contaminated soil using various amendments[J].Chemosphere,77(8):1069-1075
Nusair S D,Zarour Y S A,Altarifi A A.2017.Effects of dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans on acetylcholinesterase activity and histopathology of the body wall of Earthworm Eisenia andrei:a potential biomarker for ecotoxicity monitoring[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,228(7):266
邱江平.1999.蚯蚓及其在环境保护上的应用Ⅰ.蚯蚓及其在自然生态系统中的作用[J].上海农学院学报,17(3):227-232
Sivakumar S,Subbhuraam C V.2005.Toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the earthworm Eisenia fetida.[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,62(1):93-98
Tica D,Udovic M,Lestan D.2013.Long-term efficiency of soil stabilization with apatite and Slovakite:The impact of two earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris,and Dendrobaena veneta) on lead bioaccessibility and soil functioning[J].Chemosphere,91(1):1-6
Udovic M,Lestan D.2010.Eisenia fetida avoidance behavior as a tool for assessing the efficiency of remediation of Pb,Zn and Cd polluted soil[J].Environmental Pollution,158(8):2766-2772
Vijver M G,Vink J P M,Miermans C J H,et al.2003.Oral sealing using glue:a new method to distinguish between intestinal and dermal uptake of metals in earthworms[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,35(1):125-132
谢显传.2010.土壤中十溴联苯醚 (BDE-209) 对赤子爱胜蚓 (Eisenia fetida) 和黑麦草 (Lolium perenne) 的生物有效性及其生物毒性效应[D].南京:南京大学
Yirsaw B D,Mayilswami S,Megharaj M,et al.2016.Effect of zero valent iron nanoparticles to Eisenia fetida in three soil types[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23(10):9822-9831
Zhang W,Chen L,Liu K,et al.2014.Bioaccumulation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in earthworms in the presence of lead (Pb)[J].Chemosphere,106(2):57-64
Zhang W,Liang J,Li J,et al.2016.Diverse impacts of a step and repeated BDE209-Pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of BDE209 in earthworms[J].Chemosphere,159:235-243
张琢,李发生,王梅,等.2015.基于用途和风险的重金属污染土壤稳定化修复后评估体系探讨[J].环境工程技术学报,5(6):509-518
Chrysochoou M,Ferreira D R,Johnston C P.2010.Calcium polysulfide treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,179(1):650-657
Coller-Myburgh C V,Rensburg L V,Maboeta M.2014.Utilizing earthworm and microbial assays to assess the ecotoxicity of chromium mine wastes[J].Applied Soil Ecology,83:258-265
高岩,骆永明.2005.蚯蚓对土壤污染的指示作用及其强化修复的潜力[J].土壤学报,42(1):140-148
刘馥雯,罗启仕,卢鑫,等.2018.多硫化钙对铬污染土壤处理效果的长期稳定性研究[J].环境科学学报,38(5):1999-2007
卢聪,李青青,罗启仕,等.2013.场地土壤中有效态砷的稳定化处理及机理研究[J].中国环境科学,33(2):298-304
卢鑫,罗启仕,刘馥雯,等.2017.硫化物对电镀厂铬污染土壤的稳定化效果及其机理研究[J].环境科学学报,37(6):2315-2321
Lee S H,Lee J S,Choi Y J,et al.2009.In situ stabilization of cadmium-,lead-,and zinc-contaminated soil using various amendments[J].Chemosphere,77(8):1069-1075
Nusair S D,Zarour Y S A,Altarifi A A.2017.Effects of dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans on acetylcholinesterase activity and histopathology of the body wall of Earthworm Eisenia andrei:a potential biomarker for ecotoxicity monitoring[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,228(7):266
邱江平.1999.蚯蚓及其在环境保护上的应用Ⅰ.蚯蚓及其在自然生态系统中的作用[J].上海农学院学报,17(3):227-232
Sivakumar S,Subbhuraam C V.2005.Toxicity of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to the earthworm Eisenia fetida.[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,62(1):93-98
Tica D,Udovic M,Lestan D.2013.Long-term efficiency of soil stabilization with apatite and Slovakite:The impact of two earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris,and Dendrobaena veneta) on lead bioaccessibility and soil functioning[J].Chemosphere,91(1):1-6
Udovic M,Lestan D.2010.Eisenia fetida avoidance behavior as a tool for assessing the efficiency of remediation of Pb,Zn and Cd polluted soil[J].Environmental Pollution,158(8):2766-2772
Vijver M G,Vink J P M,Miermans C J H,et al.2003.Oral sealing using glue:a new method to distinguish between intestinal and dermal uptake of metals in earthworms[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,35(1):125-132
谢显传.2010.土壤中十溴联苯醚 (BDE-209) 对赤子爱胜蚓 (Eisenia fetida) 和黑麦草 (Lolium perenne) 的生物有效性及其生物毒性效应[D].南京:南京大学
Yirsaw B D,Mayilswami S,Megharaj M,et al.2016.Effect of zero valent iron nanoparticles to Eisenia fetida in three soil types[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23(10):9822-9831
Zhang W,Chen L,Liu K,et al.2014.Bioaccumulation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in earthworms in the presence of lead (Pb)[J].Chemosphere,106(2):57-64
Zhang W,Liang J,Li J,et al.2016.Diverse impacts of a step and repeated BDE209-Pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of BDE209 in earthworms[J].Chemosphere,159:235-243
张琢,李发生,王梅,等.2015.基于用途和风险的重金属污染土壤稳定化修复后评估体系探讨[J].环境工程技术学报,5(6):509-518
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