EM菌对连作广藿香扦插苗生长特性及土壤微生态的影响
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摘要
【目的】为了缓解广藿香Pogostemon cablin连作引起的减产减质的情况,探究EM菌在广藿香连作中的应用潜力。【方法】设计5个处理组(EM菌以体积分数计):园土(对照土)、重茬土、重茬土+0.1%EM菌活性液、重茬土+0.8%EM菌活性液以及重茬土+1.6%EM菌活性液,并采用盆栽试验探究重茬土中添加EM菌对广藿香扦插苗生长特性以及根际微生态的影响。【结果】在培养基质中添加EM菌活性液的处理组较单一重茬土的根长、株高、鲜质量、根系活力以及叶绿素含量均显著升高,且土壤细菌和放线菌数量增加,土壤真菌数量减少,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶以及多酚氧化酶活性均显著提高。其中,0.8%EM菌活性液对广藿香扦插苗的生长特性以及根际微生态的影响最显著,株高、鲜质量、根长、根系活力及总叶绿素含量较重茬土分别升高70.34%、195.32%、101.52%、156.84%和195.33%;0.8%EM处理的土壤细菌和放线菌数量在培育第40天达到高峰,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性在培育第40天达到峰值,较重茬土分别升高81.46%、54.26%和137.90%。【结论】在广藿香连作地块添加EM菌能够有效缓解连作障碍问题,可作为广藿香连作栽培中良好添加物。
【Objective】To alleviate reductions in yield and quality caused by continuous cropping of patchouli(Pogostemon cablin), and explore the application potential of effective microorganisms(EM) in continuous cropping of patchouli.【Method】We designed five treatment groups(EM were counted by volume faction):Garden soil(control soil), continuous cropping soil, continuous cropping soil + 0.1% EM, continuous cropping soil + 0.8% EM, and continuous cropping soil + 1.6% EM. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of EM addition on growth characteristics and soil microecology of patchouli cuttings.【Result】Compared with the treatment of only continuous cropping soil, the root length, plant height, fresh weight, root activity and chlorophyll content of treatment groups with EM addition were significantly higher, the numbers of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased, the number of fungi decreased, and soil urease, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities increased significantly. The 0.8% EM treatment had the most significant effect on the growth characteristics and soil microecology of patchouli cutting seedlings, and plant height, fresh weight, root length, root activity and total chlorophyll content increased by 70.34%, 195.32%, 101.52%,156.84% and 195.33% respectively. In the 0.8% EM treatment, the numbers of soil bacteria and actinomycetes peaked on the 40 th day of cultivation, and soil urease, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities also peaked on the 40 th day of cultivation, which were 81.46%, 54.26% and 137.90% higher than those in the treatment of only continuous cropping soil.【Conclusion】EM can effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of patchouli, and can be used as a good additive in the continuous cropping of patchouli.
【Objective】To alleviate reductions in yield and quality caused by continuous cropping of patchouli(Pogostemon cablin), and explore the application potential of effective microorganisms(EM) in continuous cropping of patchouli.【Method】We designed five treatment groups(EM were counted by volume faction):Garden soil(control soil), continuous cropping soil, continuous cropping soil + 0.1% EM, continuous cropping soil + 0.8% EM, and continuous cropping soil + 1.6% EM. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of EM addition on growth characteristics and soil microecology of patchouli cuttings.【Result】Compared with the treatment of only continuous cropping soil, the root length, plant height, fresh weight, root activity and chlorophyll content of treatment groups with EM addition were significantly higher, the numbers of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased, the number of fungi decreased, and soil urease, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities increased significantly. The 0.8% EM treatment had the most significant effect on the growth characteristics and soil microecology of patchouli cutting seedlings, and plant height, fresh weight, root length, root activity and total chlorophyll content increased by 70.34%, 195.32%, 101.52%,156.84% and 195.33% respectively. In the 0.8% EM treatment, the numbers of soil bacteria and actinomycetes peaked on the 40 th day of cultivation, and soil urease, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities also peaked on the 40 th day of cultivation, which were 81.46%, 54.26% and 137.90% higher than those in the treatment of only continuous cropping soil.【Conclusion】EM can effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of patchouli, and can be used as a good additive in the continuous cropping of patchouli.
引文
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[3]李玲梅,李明.广藿香根系分泌物的化感自毒作用研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(24):5168-5171.
[4]邢承华,蔡妙珍,于洪波.EM有效微生物技术在环境保护中的运用[J].微生物学杂志,2007,27(5):93-97.
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[7]苏世鸣,任丽轩,霍振华,等.西瓜与旱作水稻间作改善西瓜连作障碍及对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(3):704-712.
[8]孙红霞,武琴,郑国祥,等.EM对茄子、黄瓜抗连作障碍和增强土壤生物活性的效果[J].土壤,2001,33(5):264-267.
[9]周晓芬,杨军芳.不同施肥措施及EM菌剂对大棚黄瓜连作障碍的防治效果[J].河北农业科学,2004,8(4):89-92.
[10]陈胜利.玉米芯EM菌液处理及饲用方法[J].今日畜牧兽医,2002,18(2):36.
[11]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[12]汤章城.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[13]李会娜,刘万学,戴莲,等.紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤微生物、酶活性及肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(11):3964-3971.
[14]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].农业出版社,1986.
[15]章家恩,廖宗文.试论土壤的生态肥力及其培育[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(3):253-256.
[16]房云波.EM菌素在蔬菜上的应用效果研究[J].现代农村科技,2011(3):45.
[17]倪淑君,蒋欣梅,刘思宇,等.EM对黄瓜根系发育及幼苗生长的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(4):25-27.
[18]孔庆宇,秦嗣军,等.EM菌剂对甜樱桃幼苗根际微生物区系及根系呼吸的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(4):409-412.
[19]陈胜利,孙庆余,李云波.EM菌剂在种植业上的应用与促增效应[J].微生物杂志,2002,22(1):63-64.
[20]舒秀丽.不同土壤处理对西洋参连作障碍的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[21]刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,等.EM对连作大蒜根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):718-723.
[22]刘福德,姜岳忠,刘颜泉,等.连作Ⅰ-107杨树无性系苗圃地的土壤酶活性特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2005,3(2):119-124.
[23]刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.
[24]KLOSE S,MOORE J M,TABATABAI M A.Arylsulfatase activity of microbial biomass in soils as affected by cropping systems[J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1999,29(1):46-54.
[2]林小桦,贺红.广藿香种质资源的研究现状及存在问题[J].现代中药研究与实践植物医生,2005,19(4):60-62.
[3]李玲梅,李明.广藿香根系分泌物的化感自毒作用研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(24):5168-5171.
[4]邢承华,蔡妙珍,于洪波.EM有效微生物技术在环境保护中的运用[J].微生物学杂志,2007,27(5):93-97.
[5]倪永珍,李维炯.EM技术应用研究[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1998:47-61.
[6]PETRA M,SARI T.Interactions between plant species and mycorrhizal colonization on the bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2005,28(l):23-36.
[7]苏世鸣,任丽轩,霍振华,等.西瓜与旱作水稻间作改善西瓜连作障碍及对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(3):704-712.
[8]孙红霞,武琴,郑国祥,等.EM对茄子、黄瓜抗连作障碍和增强土壤生物活性的效果[J].土壤,2001,33(5):264-267.
[9]周晓芬,杨军芳.不同施肥措施及EM菌剂对大棚黄瓜连作障碍的防治效果[J].河北农业科学,2004,8(4):89-92.
[10]陈胜利.玉米芯EM菌液处理及饲用方法[J].今日畜牧兽医,2002,18(2):36.
[11]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[12]汤章城.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[13]李会娜,刘万学,戴莲,等.紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤微生物、酶活性及肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(11):3964-3971.
[14]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].农业出版社,1986.
[15]章家恩,廖宗文.试论土壤的生态肥力及其培育[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(3):253-256.
[16]房云波.EM菌素在蔬菜上的应用效果研究[J].现代农村科技,2011(3):45.
[17]倪淑君,蒋欣梅,刘思宇,等.EM对黄瓜根系发育及幼苗生长的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(4):25-27.
[18]孔庆宇,秦嗣军,等.EM菌剂对甜樱桃幼苗根际微生物区系及根系呼吸的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(4):409-412.
[19]陈胜利,孙庆余,李云波.EM菌剂在种植业上的应用与促增效应[J].微生物杂志,2002,22(1):63-64.
[20]舒秀丽.不同土壤处理对西洋参连作障碍的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[21]刘素慧,刘世琦,张自坤,等.EM对连作大蒜根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):718-723.
[22]刘福德,姜岳忠,刘颜泉,等.连作Ⅰ-107杨树无性系苗圃地的土壤酶活性特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2005,3(2):119-124.
[23]刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.
[24]KLOSE S,MOORE J M,TABATABAI M A.Arylsulfatase activity of microbial biomass in soils as affected by cropping systems[J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1999,29(1):46-54.
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