页岩油气资源评价参数之“总有机碳含量”的优选:以西加盆地泥盆系Duvernay页岩为例
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摘要
总有机碳含量(TOC)是页岩油气"甜点"预测、资源评价的重要评价标准之一.以加西Duvernay页岩为例,采用物质平衡的方法恢复原始TOC,从页岩储层和天然气赋存状态等方面分析现今TOC作为评价标准存在的问题.结果表明,Duvernay页岩原始与现今TOC的比值介于1.69～1.02,且热演化程度越高,原始和现今TOC的差异越大.因此,现今(残余)TOC较低并不意味着原始有机碳含量低.Duvernay页岩现今(残余)TOC与有机孔隙的发育不存在直接成因联系,现今(残余)TOC不是表征页岩储层储集能力的最佳选择.与现今TOC相比,兰格缪尔体积与原始TOC相关性更好,即,采用原始TOC评价页岩吸附能力更合理.因此,认为采用原始TOC代替现今(残存)TOC作为页岩油气资源评价和有利区优选的标准更具有理论意义和实践价值.
Total organic carbon(TOC)content is regarded as one of the important standards for shale oil and gas"sweet spot"prediction and potential resource evaluation.Taking Devonian Duvernay shale in West Canada sedimentary basin as an example,in this paper uses scanning electron microscope and methane adsorption measurements to discuss the weakness of using measured TOC as parameter for reservoir and gas capacity.Initial TOC was restored,and the measured and initial TOC vs.Langmuir volume was studied to reveal their difference as evaluation parameter.The result suggests that the difference between initial TOC and measured TOC varies significantly with the ratio ranging from 1.69-1.02,which increases with the thermal maturity.Thus,low measured TOC value doesn't represent low initial TOC value.Organic pore growth in Duvernay shale has no correlation with measured TOC,which means that the measured TOC is not the optical parameter to describe shale reservoir.Compared with measured TOC,Langmuir volume exhibits better correlations with initial ones,indicating initial TOC determines gas-adsorption behavior.Thus,in this paper it is evidenced to use initial TOC,rather than measured ones,as shale oil and gas evaluation parameters.
Total organic carbon(TOC)content is regarded as one of the important standards for shale oil and gas"sweet spot"prediction and potential resource evaluation.Taking Devonian Duvernay shale in West Canada sedimentary basin as an example,in this paper uses scanning electron microscope and methane adsorption measurements to discuss the weakness of using measured TOC as parameter for reservoir and gas capacity.Initial TOC was restored,and the measured and initial TOC vs.Langmuir volume was studied to reveal their difference as evaluation parameter.The result suggests that the difference between initial TOC and measured TOC varies significantly with the ratio ranging from 1.69-1.02,which increases with the thermal maturity.Thus,low measured TOC value doesn't represent low initial TOC value.Organic pore growth in Duvernay shale has no correlation with measured TOC,which means that the measured TOC is not the optical parameter to describe shale reservoir.Compared with measured TOC,Langmuir volume exhibits better correlations with initial ones,indicating initial TOC determines gas-adsorption behavior.Thus,in this paper it is evidenced to use initial TOC,rather than measured ones,as shale oil and gas evaluation parameters.
引文
Bowker,K.A.,2007.Barnett Shale Gas Production,Fort Worth Basin:Issues and Discussion.AAPG Bulletin,91(4):523-533.https://doi.org/10.1306/06190606018
Chen,J.,Jiang,F.J.,Hu,T.,et al.,2016.Experimental Investigation of the Characteristics of Organic Matter Pores in Chang 7 Member Lacustrine Shale from the Ordos Basin due to Organic Matter Evolution Induced by Hydrous Pyrolysis.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,35:412-424.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.08.069
Chen,Z.H.,Jiang,C.Q.,2016.A Revised Method for Organic Porosity Estimation in Shale Reservoirs Using RockEval Data:Example from Duvernay Formation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.AAPG Bulletin,100(3):405-422.https://doi.org/10.1306/08261514173
Cheng,K.M.,1996.The Theory and Practice of Carbonate Oil and Gas Generation.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,68-72(in Chinese).
Chow,N.,Wendte,J.,Stasiuk,L.D.,1995.Productivity versus Preservation Controls on Two Organic-Rich Carbonate Facies in the Devonian of Alberta:Sedimentological and Organic Petrological Evidence.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,43(4):433-460.
Dai,F.Y.,Hao,F.,Hu,H.Y.,et al.,2017.Occurrence Mechanism and Key Controlling Factors of Wufegn-Longmaxi Shale Gas,Eastern Sichuan Basin.Earth Science,42(7):1185-1194(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hao,S.S.,1984.Richness of Organic Matter and Its Evolution Characteristics in Carbonate Source Rocks.Experimental Petroleum Geology,6(1):71-75(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu,J.Y.,Huang,D.F.,1991.Theoretical Basis of Continental Petroleum Geology in China.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,181-196(in Chinese).
Jarvie,D.M.,Hill,R.J.,Ruble,T.E.,et al.,2007.Unconventional Shale-Gas Systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of North-Central Texas as One Model for Thermogenic Shale-Gas Assessment.AAPG Bulletin,91(4):475-499.https://doi.org/10.1306/12190606068
Ji,W.M.,Song,Y.,Jiang Z.X.,et al.,2016.Micro-Nano Pores Structure Characteristics and Its Control Factors of Shale in Longmaxi Formation,Southeastern Sichuan Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,37(2):182-195(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,S.,Tang,X.L.,Steve,O.,et al.,2017.Enrichment Factors and Current Misunderstanding of Shale Oil and Gas:Case Study of Shales in U.S.,Argentina and China.Earth Science,42(7):1083-1091(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,Q.,1989.The Restoration of Initial Organic Carbon in Source Rocks.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),13(5):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
Justwan,H.,Dahl,B.,2005.Quantitative Hydrocarbon Potential Mapping and Organofacies Study in the Greater Balder Area,Norwegian North Sea.Geological Society,London,Petroleum Geology Conference Series,6(1):1317-1329.https://doi.org/10.1144/0061317
Ko,L.T.,Loucks,R.G.,Zhang,T.W.,et al.,2016.Pore and Pore Network Evolution of Upper Cretaceous Boquillas(Eagle Ford-Equivalent)Mudrocks:Results from Gold Tube Pyrolysis Experiments.AAPG Bulletin,100(11):1693-1722.https://doi.org/10.1306/04151615092
Lewis,R.,Ingraham,D.,Sawyer,W.,2004.New Evaluation Techniques for Gas Shale Reservoirs.http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/alnoaimi2/docs/Pickens%20Shale%20Gas.pdf
Li,D.H.,Li,J.Z.,Wang,S.J.,et al.,2009.Analysis of Controls on Gas Shale Reservoirs.Natural Gas Industry,29(5):22-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,G.D.,2009.Petroleum Geology(Fourth Edition).Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,119-121(in Chinese with English abstract).
Modica,C.J.,Lapierre,S.G.,2012.Estimation of Kerogen Porosity in Source Rocks as a Function of Thermal Transformation:Example from the Mowry Shale in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming.AAPG Bulletin,96(1):87-108.https://doi.org/10.1306/04111110201
Pang,X.Q.,Fang,Z.K.,Chen,Z.M.,1988.Ancient Abundance of Organic Matter and Its Calculation Method.Acta Petrolei Sinia,1:19-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pang,X.Q.,Li,Q.W.,Chen,J.F.,et al.,2014.Recovery Method of Original TOCand Its Application in Source Rocks at High Mature-Over Mature Stage in Deep Petroliferous Basins.Journal of Palaeogeography,16(6):769-789(in Chinese with English abstract).
Peters,K.E.,Walters,C.C.,Moldowan,J.M.,2005.The Biomarker Guide,Volume 1,Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Environment and Human History.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,471.
Pommer,M.,Milliken,K.,2015.Pore Types and Pore-Size Distributions across Thermal Maturity,Eagle Ford Formation,Southern Texas.AAPG Bulletin,99(9):1713-1744.https://doi.org/10.1306/03051514151
Qin,J.Z.,Jin,J.C.,Liu,B.Q.,2005.Thermal Evolution Pattern of Organic Matter Abundance in Various Marine Source Rocks.Oil&Gas Geology,26(2):177-184(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rokosh,C.D.,Lyster,S.,Anderson,S.D.A.,et al.,2012.Summary of Alberta's Shale-and Siltstone-Hosted Hydrocarbon Resource Potential.ERCB/AGS Open File Report,8.
Romero-Sarmiento,M.F.,Ducros,M.,Carpentier,B.,et al.,2013.Quantitative Evaluation of TOC,Organic Porosity and Gas Retention Distribution in a Gas Shale Play Using Petroleum System Modeling:Application to the Mississippian Barnett Shale.Marine and Petroleum Geology,45:315-330.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.04.003
Schmoker,J.W.,2002.Resource-Assessment Perspectives for Unconventional Gas Systems.AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1993-1999.
Tissot,B.P.,Welte,D.H.,1978.Petroleum Formation and Occurrence.Springer-Vevlag,Berlin,1-554.
Wang,J.,Chen,J.F.,2004.Restoration on Organic Matter Abundance of Carbonate Source Rocks:A Case of Middle-Upper Proterzoic Carbonate Rocks in North China.Natural Gas Geoscience,15(3):306-310(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,S.Q.,Chen,G.S.,Dong,D.Z.,et al.,2009.Accumulation Conditions and Exploitation Prospect of Shale Gas in the Lower Paleozoic Sichuan Basin.NaturalGasIndustry,29(5):51-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia,X.Y.,Hong,F.,Zhao,L.,1998.Restoration on Generating-Hydrocarbon Potentiality of Source Rocks:A Case of Lower Ordovician Carbonates in Ordois Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,19(4):307-312(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie,X.N.,Hao,F.,Lu,Y.C.,et al.,2017.Differential Enrichment Mechanism and Key Technology of Shale Gas in Complex Areas of South China.Earth Science,42(7):1045-1056(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiong,Y.Q.,Geng,A.S.,Zhang,H.Z.,et al.,2004.Formation Mechanism of Oil-Formed Gas and Hydrocarbon Generation Potential Restoration of Its Source Rocks.Natural Gas Industry,24(2):11-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,R.,He,S.,Hu,Q.H.,et al.,2016.Pore Characterization and Methane Sorption Capacity of Over-Mature Organic-Rich Wufeng and Longmaxi Shales in the Southeast Sichuan Basin,China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,77:247-261.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.06.001
程克明,1996.碳酸盐岩油气生成理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版社,68-72.
戴方尧,郝芳,胡海燕,等,2017.川东焦石坝五峰-龙马溪组页岩气赋存机理及其主控因素.地球科学,42(7):1185-1194.
郝石生,1984.对碳酸盐生油岩的有机质丰度及其演化特征的讨论.石油实验地质,6(1):71-75.
胡见义,黄第藩,1991.中国陆相石油地质理论基础.北京:石油工业出版社,181-196.
纪文明,宋岩,姜振学,等,2016.四川盆地东南部龙马溪组页岩微-纳米孔隙结构特征及控制因素.石油学报,37(2),182-195.
蒋恕,唐相路,Steve,O.,等,2017.页岩油气富集的主控因素及误辩:以美国、阿根廷和中国典型页岩为例.地球科学,42(7):1083-1091.
金强,1989.生油岩原始有机碳恢复方法的探讨.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),13(5):1-10.
李登华,李建忠,王社教,等,2009.页岩气藏形成条件分析.天然气工业,29(5):22-26.
柳广第,2009.石油地质学(第四版).北京:石油工业出版社,119-121.
庞雄奇,方祖康,陈章明,1988.地史过程中的岩石有机质含量变化及其计算.石油学报,1:19-26.
庞雄奇,李倩文,陈践发,等,2014.含油气盆地深部高过成熟烃源岩古TOC恢复方法及其应用.古地理学报,16(6):769-789.
秦建中,金聚畅,刘宝泉,2005.海相不同类型烃源岩有机质丰度热演化规律.石油与天然气地质,26(2):177-184.
王杰,陈践发,2004.关于碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机质丰度恢复的探讨---以华北中、上元古界碳酸盐岩为例.天然气地球科学,15(3):306-310.
王世谦,陈更生,董大忠,等,2009.四川盆地下古生界页岩气藏形成条件与勘探前景.天然气工业,29(5):51-58.
夏新宇,洪峰,赵林,1998.烃源岩生烃潜力的恢复探讨:以鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐为例.石油与天然气地质,19(4):307-312.
解习农,郝芳,陆永潮,等,2017.南方复杂地区页岩气差异富集机理及其关键技术.地球科学,42(7):1045-1056.
熊永强,耿安松,张海祖,等,2004.油型气的形成机理及其源岩生烃潜力恢复.天然气工业,24(2):11-13.
Chen,J.,Jiang,F.J.,Hu,T.,et al.,2016.Experimental Investigation of the Characteristics of Organic Matter Pores in Chang 7 Member Lacustrine Shale from the Ordos Basin due to Organic Matter Evolution Induced by Hydrous Pyrolysis.Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,35:412-424.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2016.08.069
Chen,Z.H.,Jiang,C.Q.,2016.A Revised Method for Organic Porosity Estimation in Shale Reservoirs Using RockEval Data:Example from Duvernay Formation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.AAPG Bulletin,100(3):405-422.https://doi.org/10.1306/08261514173
Cheng,K.M.,1996.The Theory and Practice of Carbonate Oil and Gas Generation.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,68-72(in Chinese).
Chow,N.,Wendte,J.,Stasiuk,L.D.,1995.Productivity versus Preservation Controls on Two Organic-Rich Carbonate Facies in the Devonian of Alberta:Sedimentological and Organic Petrological Evidence.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,43(4):433-460.
Dai,F.Y.,Hao,F.,Hu,H.Y.,et al.,2017.Occurrence Mechanism and Key Controlling Factors of Wufegn-Longmaxi Shale Gas,Eastern Sichuan Basin.Earth Science,42(7):1185-1194(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hao,S.S.,1984.Richness of Organic Matter and Its Evolution Characteristics in Carbonate Source Rocks.Experimental Petroleum Geology,6(1):71-75(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu,J.Y.,Huang,D.F.,1991.Theoretical Basis of Continental Petroleum Geology in China.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,181-196(in Chinese).
Jarvie,D.M.,Hill,R.J.,Ruble,T.E.,et al.,2007.Unconventional Shale-Gas Systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of North-Central Texas as One Model for Thermogenic Shale-Gas Assessment.AAPG Bulletin,91(4):475-499.https://doi.org/10.1306/12190606068
Ji,W.M.,Song,Y.,Jiang Z.X.,et al.,2016.Micro-Nano Pores Structure Characteristics and Its Control Factors of Shale in Longmaxi Formation,Southeastern Sichuan Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,37(2):182-195(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,S.,Tang,X.L.,Steve,O.,et al.,2017.Enrichment Factors and Current Misunderstanding of Shale Oil and Gas:Case Study of Shales in U.S.,Argentina and China.Earth Science,42(7):1083-1091(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,Q.,1989.The Restoration of Initial Organic Carbon in Source Rocks.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),13(5):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
Justwan,H.,Dahl,B.,2005.Quantitative Hydrocarbon Potential Mapping and Organofacies Study in the Greater Balder Area,Norwegian North Sea.Geological Society,London,Petroleum Geology Conference Series,6(1):1317-1329.https://doi.org/10.1144/0061317
Ko,L.T.,Loucks,R.G.,Zhang,T.W.,et al.,2016.Pore and Pore Network Evolution of Upper Cretaceous Boquillas(Eagle Ford-Equivalent)Mudrocks:Results from Gold Tube Pyrolysis Experiments.AAPG Bulletin,100(11):1693-1722.https://doi.org/10.1306/04151615092
Lewis,R.,Ingraham,D.,Sawyer,W.,2004.New Evaluation Techniques for Gas Shale Reservoirs.http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/alnoaimi2/docs/Pickens%20Shale%20Gas.pdf
Li,D.H.,Li,J.Z.,Wang,S.J.,et al.,2009.Analysis of Controls on Gas Shale Reservoirs.Natural Gas Industry,29(5):22-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,G.D.,2009.Petroleum Geology(Fourth Edition).Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,119-121(in Chinese with English abstract).
Modica,C.J.,Lapierre,S.G.,2012.Estimation of Kerogen Porosity in Source Rocks as a Function of Thermal Transformation:Example from the Mowry Shale in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming.AAPG Bulletin,96(1):87-108.https://doi.org/10.1306/04111110201
Pang,X.Q.,Fang,Z.K.,Chen,Z.M.,1988.Ancient Abundance of Organic Matter and Its Calculation Method.Acta Petrolei Sinia,1:19-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pang,X.Q.,Li,Q.W.,Chen,J.F.,et al.,2014.Recovery Method of Original TOCand Its Application in Source Rocks at High Mature-Over Mature Stage in Deep Petroliferous Basins.Journal of Palaeogeography,16(6):769-789(in Chinese with English abstract).
Peters,K.E.,Walters,C.C.,Moldowan,J.M.,2005.The Biomarker Guide,Volume 1,Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Environment and Human History.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,471.
Pommer,M.,Milliken,K.,2015.Pore Types and Pore-Size Distributions across Thermal Maturity,Eagle Ford Formation,Southern Texas.AAPG Bulletin,99(9):1713-1744.https://doi.org/10.1306/03051514151
Qin,J.Z.,Jin,J.C.,Liu,B.Q.,2005.Thermal Evolution Pattern of Organic Matter Abundance in Various Marine Source Rocks.Oil&Gas Geology,26(2):177-184(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rokosh,C.D.,Lyster,S.,Anderson,S.D.A.,et al.,2012.Summary of Alberta's Shale-and Siltstone-Hosted Hydrocarbon Resource Potential.ERCB/AGS Open File Report,8.
Romero-Sarmiento,M.F.,Ducros,M.,Carpentier,B.,et al.,2013.Quantitative Evaluation of TOC,Organic Porosity and Gas Retention Distribution in a Gas Shale Play Using Petroleum System Modeling:Application to the Mississippian Barnett Shale.Marine and Petroleum Geology,45:315-330.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.04.003
Schmoker,J.W.,2002.Resource-Assessment Perspectives for Unconventional Gas Systems.AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1993-1999.
Tissot,B.P.,Welte,D.H.,1978.Petroleum Formation and Occurrence.Springer-Vevlag,Berlin,1-554.
Wang,J.,Chen,J.F.,2004.Restoration on Organic Matter Abundance of Carbonate Source Rocks:A Case of Middle-Upper Proterzoic Carbonate Rocks in North China.Natural Gas Geoscience,15(3):306-310(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,S.Q.,Chen,G.S.,Dong,D.Z.,et al.,2009.Accumulation Conditions and Exploitation Prospect of Shale Gas in the Lower Paleozoic Sichuan Basin.NaturalGasIndustry,29(5):51-58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia,X.Y.,Hong,F.,Zhao,L.,1998.Restoration on Generating-Hydrocarbon Potentiality of Source Rocks:A Case of Lower Ordovician Carbonates in Ordois Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,19(4):307-312(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie,X.N.,Hao,F.,Lu,Y.C.,et al.,2017.Differential Enrichment Mechanism and Key Technology of Shale Gas in Complex Areas of South China.Earth Science,42(7):1045-1056(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiong,Y.Q.,Geng,A.S.,Zhang,H.Z.,et al.,2004.Formation Mechanism of Oil-Formed Gas and Hydrocarbon Generation Potential Restoration of Its Source Rocks.Natural Gas Industry,24(2):11-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,R.,He,S.,Hu,Q.H.,et al.,2016.Pore Characterization and Methane Sorption Capacity of Over-Mature Organic-Rich Wufeng and Longmaxi Shales in the Southeast Sichuan Basin,China.Marine and Petroleum Geology,77:247-261.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.06.001
程克明,1996.碳酸盐岩油气生成理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版社,68-72.
戴方尧,郝芳,胡海燕,等,2017.川东焦石坝五峰-龙马溪组页岩气赋存机理及其主控因素.地球科学,42(7):1185-1194.
郝石生,1984.对碳酸盐生油岩的有机质丰度及其演化特征的讨论.石油实验地质,6(1):71-75.
胡见义,黄第藩,1991.中国陆相石油地质理论基础.北京:石油工业出版社,181-196.
纪文明,宋岩,姜振学,等,2016.四川盆地东南部龙马溪组页岩微-纳米孔隙结构特征及控制因素.石油学报,37(2),182-195.
蒋恕,唐相路,Steve,O.,等,2017.页岩油气富集的主控因素及误辩:以美国、阿根廷和中国典型页岩为例.地球科学,42(7):1083-1091.
金强,1989.生油岩原始有机碳恢复方法的探讨.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),13(5):1-10.
李登华,李建忠,王社教,等,2009.页岩气藏形成条件分析.天然气工业,29(5):22-26.
柳广第,2009.石油地质学(第四版).北京:石油工业出版社,119-121.
庞雄奇,方祖康,陈章明,1988.地史过程中的岩石有机质含量变化及其计算.石油学报,1:19-26.
庞雄奇,李倩文,陈践发,等,2014.含油气盆地深部高过成熟烃源岩古TOC恢复方法及其应用.古地理学报,16(6):769-789.
秦建中,金聚畅,刘宝泉,2005.海相不同类型烃源岩有机质丰度热演化规律.石油与天然气地质,26(2):177-184.
王杰,陈践发,2004.关于碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机质丰度恢复的探讨---以华北中、上元古界碳酸盐岩为例.天然气地球科学,15(3):306-310.
王世谦,陈更生,董大忠,等,2009.四川盆地下古生界页岩气藏形成条件与勘探前景.天然气工业,29(5):51-58.
夏新宇,洪峰,赵林,1998.烃源岩生烃潜力的恢复探讨:以鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统碳酸盐为例.石油与天然气地质,19(4):307-312.
解习农,郝芳,陆永潮,等,2017.南方复杂地区页岩气差异富集机理及其关键技术.地球科学,42(7):1045-1056.
熊永强,耿安松,张海祖,等,2004.油型气的形成机理及其源岩生烃潜力恢复.天然气工业,24(2):11-13.
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