克拉苏构造带盐下深层断背斜储集层构造裂缝带分布规律
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摘要
克拉苏构造带是塔里木盆地天然气重点勘探区域,主力含气层系为下白垩统巴什基奇克组,构造裂缝普遍发育,是低孔砂岩储集层高产稳产的关键因素。基于克拉苏构造带盐下深层断背斜储集层构造裂缝发育特征及裂缝带分布规律研究,探索了裂缝带组合与产能的关系,明确了储集层裂缝以未充填—半充填的高角度缝为主,多为张性或张剪性,具有规律性成带分布的特征,裂缝带宽度一般为10～40 m,裂缝带间距一般为10～50 m;根据储集层裂缝带成因及分布规律等差异特征,划分了储集层东西向裂缝带、南北向裂缝带和网状裂缝带3种成因裂缝带;根据储集层裂缝发育特征及裂缝带空间组合特征等差异性,储集层可划分为Ⅰ类高产区、Ⅱ类中高产区和Ⅲ类低产区。
Kelasu tectonic belt is the key area for natural gas exploration in the Tarim basin, and its main gas-bearing series are the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation where tectonic fissures are generally developed, which is considered as the key factor for the high and stable deliverability of low-porosity sandstone reservoirs. Based on the study of the characteristics of tectonic fissure development and fissure zone distribution in the subsalt deep faulted-anticline reservoirs of Kelasu tectonic belt, the paper studies the relationship between the fissure zone combination and its deliverability, identifies that the reservoir fractures are dominated by unfilled-half-filled high-angle fractures which are mainly tensile fractures or tensile shear fractures and are characterized by zonal distribution with the fracture zone width and interval of 10～40 m and 10～50 m, respectively. According to the differences in genesis and distribution of fracture zones, 3 types of reservoir fracture zones are classified, i.e., E-W trending fracture zone, N-S trending fracture zone and netlike fracture zone. According to the characteristics of reservoir fracture development and fracture zone spatial combination, the reservoir can be divided into 3 kinds of regions, namely Class Ⅰ high-deliverability region, Class Ⅱ medium-high deliverability region and Class Ⅲ low-deliverability region.
Kelasu tectonic belt is the key area for natural gas exploration in the Tarim basin, and its main gas-bearing series are the Lower Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation where tectonic fissures are generally developed, which is considered as the key factor for the high and stable deliverability of low-porosity sandstone reservoirs. Based on the study of the characteristics of tectonic fissure development and fissure zone distribution in the subsalt deep faulted-anticline reservoirs of Kelasu tectonic belt, the paper studies the relationship between the fissure zone combination and its deliverability, identifies that the reservoir fractures are dominated by unfilled-half-filled high-angle fractures which are mainly tensile fractures or tensile shear fractures and are characterized by zonal distribution with the fracture zone width and interval of 10～40 m and 10～50 m, respectively. According to the differences in genesis and distribution of fracture zones, 3 types of reservoir fracture zones are classified, i.e., E-W trending fracture zone, N-S trending fracture zone and netlike fracture zone. According to the characteristics of reservoir fracture development and fracture zone spatial combination, the reservoir can be divided into 3 kinds of regions, namely Class Ⅰ high-deliverability region, Class Ⅱ medium-high deliverability region and Class Ⅲ low-deliverability region.
引文
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[7]于璇,侯贵廷,能源,等.库车坳陷构造裂缝发育特征及分布规律[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(4):644-656.YU Xuan,HOU Guiting,NENG Yuan,et al. Development and distribution characteristics of tectonic fractures in Kuqa depression[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2016,22(4):644-656.
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[9]王珂,戴俊生,商琳,等.曲率法在库车坳陷克深气田储层裂缝预测中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(1):34-37.WANG Ke,DAI Junsheng,SHANG Lin,et al. Reservoir fracture prediction of Keshen gasfield in Kuqa depression using principal curvature method[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2014,29(1):34-37.
[10]徐振平,谢会文,李勇,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带盐下差异构造变形特征及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(6):1 034-1 038.XU Zhenping,XIE Huiwen,LI Yong,et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of the subsalt differential structure in the Kelasu structural belt,Kuqa depression[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(6):1 034-1 038.
[11]雷刚林,谢会文,张敬洲,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):816-835.LEI Ganglin,XIE Huiwen,ZHANG Jingzhou,et al. Structural features and natural gas exploration in the Kelasu structural belt,Kuqa depression[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):816-835.
[12]能源,谢会文,孙太荣,等.克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义[J].石油地质,2013,2(1):1-6.NENG Yuan,XIE Huiwen,SUN Tairong,et al. Structural characteristics of Keshen segmentation in Kelasu structural belt and its petroleum geological significance[J]. Petroleum Geology,2013,2(1):1-6.
[13]张荣虎,刘春,杨海军,等.库车坳陷白垩系超深层储集层特征与勘探潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):423-429.ZHANG Ronghu,LIU Chun,YANG Haijun,et al. Characteristics and exploration potential of ultra-deep Cretaceous reservoir in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):423-429.
[14]杨宪彰,毛亚昆,钟大康,等.构造挤压对砂岩储层垂向分布差异的控制——以库车前陆冲断带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(4):591-599.YANG Xianzhang,MAO Yakun,ZHONG Dakang,et al. Tectonic compression controls the vertical property variation of sandstone reservoir:an example of Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation in Kuqa foreland thrust belt,Tarim basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(4):591-599.
[15] LI Yong,HOU Guiting,HARI K R,et al. The model of fracture development in the faulted folds:the role of folding and faulting[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,89(1):243-251.
[16] DAVIS K,BURBANK D W,FISHER D,et al. Thrust-fault growth and segment linkage in the active Ostler fault zone,New Zealand[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27(1):1 528-1 546.
[2]张惠良,张荣虎,杨海军,等.超深层裂缝-孔隙型致密砂岩储集层表征与评价——以库车前陆盆地克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):158-166.ZHANG Huiliang,ZHANG Ronghu,YANG Haijun,et al. Characterization and evaluation of ultra-deep fracture-pore tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study of Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation in Kelasu tectocic zone in Kuqa foreland basin,Tarim,NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):158-166.
[3]潘荣,朱筱敏,谈明轩,等.库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带深部巴什基奇克组致密储层孔隙演化定量研究[J].地学前缘,2018,25(2):159-169.PAN Rong,ZHU Xiaomin,TAN Mingxuan,et al. Quantitative research on porosity evolution of deep tight reservoir in the Bashijiqike formation in Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa depression[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2018,25(2):159-169.
[4]刘春,张荣虎,张惠良,等.致密砂岩储层微孔隙成因类型及地质意义——以库车前陆冲断带超深层储层为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):150-159.LIU Chun,ZHANG Ronghu,ZHANG Huiliang,et al. Genetic types and geological significance of micro pores in tight sandstone reservoirs:a case study of the ultra-deep reservoir in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt,NW China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):150-159.
[5]李玲,唐洪明,王茜,等.克拉苏冲断带克深区带白垩系超深储集层成岩演化[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(1):7-14.LI Ling,TANG Hongming,WANG Xi,et al. Diagenetic evolution of Cretaceous ultra-deep reservoir in Keshen belt,Kelasu thrust belt,Kuqa depression[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(1):7-14.
[6]赵继龙,王俊鹏,刘春,等.塔里木盆地克深2区块储层裂缝数值模拟研究[J].现代地质,2014,28(6):1 275-1 283.ZHAO Jilong,WANG Junpeng,LIU Chun,et al. Reservoir fracture numerial simulation of Keshen-2 block in Tarim basin[J]. Geoscience,2014,28(6):1 275-1 283.
[7]于璇,侯贵廷,能源,等.库车坳陷构造裂缝发育特征及分布规律[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(4):644-656.YU Xuan,HOU Guiting,NENG Yuan,et al. Development and distribution characteristics of tectonic fractures in Kuqa depression[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2016,22(4):644-656.
[8]王珂,戴俊生,王俊鹏,等.塔里木盆地克深2气田储层构造裂缝定量预测[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(6):1 123-1 135.WANG Ke,DAI Junsheng,WANG Junpeng,et al. Distribution of reservoir structural fractures and quantitative prediction of Keshen-2gas field,Tarim basin[J]. Geotetonica et Metallogenia,2016,40(6):1 123-1 135.
[9]王珂,戴俊生,商琳,等.曲率法在库车坳陷克深气田储层裂缝预测中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(1):34-37.WANG Ke,DAI Junsheng,SHANG Lin,et al. Reservoir fracture prediction of Keshen gasfield in Kuqa depression using principal curvature method[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2014,29(1):34-37.
[10]徐振平,谢会文,李勇,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带盐下差异构造变形特征及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(6):1 034-1 038.XU Zhenping,XIE Huiwen,LI Yong,et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of the subsalt differential structure in the Kelasu structural belt,Kuqa depression[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(6):1 034-1 038.
[11]雷刚林,谢会文,张敬洲,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):816-835.LEI Ganglin,XIE Huiwen,ZHANG Jingzhou,et al. Structural features and natural gas exploration in the Kelasu structural belt,Kuqa depression[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):816-835.
[12]能源,谢会文,孙太荣,等.克拉苏构造带克深段构造特征及其石油地质意义[J].石油地质,2013,2(1):1-6.NENG Yuan,XIE Huiwen,SUN Tairong,et al. Structural characteristics of Keshen segmentation in Kelasu structural belt and its petroleum geological significance[J]. Petroleum Geology,2013,2(1):1-6.
[13]张荣虎,刘春,杨海军,等.库车坳陷白垩系超深层储集层特征与勘探潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):423-429.ZHANG Ronghu,LIU Chun,YANG Haijun,et al. Characteristics and exploration potential of ultra-deep Cretaceous reservoir in Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2016,37(4):423-429.
[14]杨宪彰,毛亚昆,钟大康,等.构造挤压对砂岩储层垂向分布差异的控制——以库车前陆冲断带白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(4):591-599.YANG Xianzhang,MAO Yakun,ZHONG Dakang,et al. Tectonic compression controls the vertical property variation of sandstone reservoir:an example of Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation in Kuqa foreland thrust belt,Tarim basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(4):591-599.
[15] LI Yong,HOU Guiting,HARI K R,et al. The model of fracture development in the faulted folds:the role of folding and faulting[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,89(1):243-251.
[16] DAVIS K,BURBANK D W,FISHER D,et al. Thrust-fault growth and segment linkage in the active Ostler fault zone,New Zealand[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27(1):1 528-1 546.
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