外源γ-氨基丁酸对高温胁迫下黑麦草抗氧化防御系统及激素代谢的影响
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摘要
以热敏感多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)品种‘顶峰’(Pinnacle)为试验材料,分析了外源施用γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对高温(35℃/30℃,昼/夜)胁迫下黑麦草生长、根系活力、电导率、叶绿素含量、活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)代谢、抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达、内源激素脱落酸(abscisci acid, ABA)、吲哚乙酸(indole-3-actic acid,IAA)、赤霉素(gibbrellic acid, GA3)和玉米素核甘(zeatin riboside, ZR)代谢的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫处理下多年生黑麦草生长减缓,电导率增加,叶绿素含量和根系活力显著下降,ROS和抗氧化酶活性升高,抑制生长类激素ABA含量升高,而生长促进类激素IAA、GA3和ZR含量均下降;高温胁迫下外源施用GABA处理显著促进了植株生长,提高了草坪质量、根系活力和叶绿素含量,生长促进类激素IAA、GA3和ZR的含量以及抗氧化酶基因的表达量与酶活性显著高于未施用GABA的处理。外源施用GABA能有效提高黑麦草的耐高温能力,这主要与GABA诱导增加了抗氧化防御和维持较高的促进生长类激素IAA、GA3和ZR有关,因此,外源施用GABA对冷季型草坪草的越夏管理具有重要的理论和现实意义。
In order to elucidate the effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on the high temperature stress tolerance,plant growth,root activity,leaf membrane stability,chlorophyll content,reactive oxygen species metabolism,antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression,endogenous hormones were investigated in a heat sensitive cultivar ‘Pinnacle' of perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne) under high temperatures(35 ℃/30 ℃) in growth chambers for 21 d.The results showed that heat stress decreased plant growth,root activity and chlorophyll content,and increased leaf electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities.The inhibiting hormone abscisic acid(ABA) content increased while the growthpromoting hormones auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA3) and cytokinin(ZR)decreased under high temperature stress.Exogenous application of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) remarkably promoted plant growth,increased turf quality,chlorophyll content and root activity under heat stress.In addition,the growth-promoting hormones IAA,GA3 and ZR,and the gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and the enzyme activities were also enhanced by GABA application when compared to the non-GABA treatment under high temperature stress.These results suggested that the enhanced high temperature stress tolerance by exogenous application of GABA may contribute to the induced higher antioxidant systems and the growthpromoting hormone IAA,GA3 and ZR levels.
In order to elucidate the effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on the high temperature stress tolerance,plant growth,root activity,leaf membrane stability,chlorophyll content,reactive oxygen species metabolism,antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression,endogenous hormones were investigated in a heat sensitive cultivar ‘Pinnacle' of perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne) under high temperatures(35 ℃/30 ℃) in growth chambers for 21 d.The results showed that heat stress decreased plant growth,root activity and chlorophyll content,and increased leaf electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities.The inhibiting hormone abscisic acid(ABA) content increased while the growthpromoting hormones auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA3) and cytokinin(ZR)decreased under high temperature stress.Exogenous application of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) remarkably promoted plant growth,increased turf quality,chlorophyll content and root activity under heat stress.In addition,the growth-promoting hormones IAA,GA3 and ZR,and the gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and the enzyme activities were also enhanced by GABA application when compared to the non-GABA treatment under high temperature stress.These results suggested that the enhanced high temperature stress tolerance by exogenous application of GABA may contribute to the induced higher antioxidant systems and the growthpromoting hormone IAA,GA3 and ZR levels.
引文
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[10]梁杨杨,吴晓蕾,李敬蕊,宫彬彬,高洪波,王春燕.盐碱胁迫下GABA对番茄幼苗活性氧代谢及光合性能的影响.河北农业大学学报,2016,39(3):7-13.LIANG Y Y,WU X L,LI J L,GONG B B,GAO H B,WANG C Y.Effects of exogenous GABA on reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthesis characteristics of tomatoes under mixed NaCl and NaHCO3 stress.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2016,39(3):7-13.
[11]罗黄颖,高洪波,夏庆平,宫彬彬,吴晓蕾.γ-氨基丁酸对盐胁迫下番茄活性氧代谢及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.中国农业科学,2011,44(4):753-761.LUO H Y,GAO H B,XIA Q P,GONG B B,WU X L.Effects of exogenous GABA on reactive oxygen species metabolism and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in tomato under NaCl stress.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(4):753-761.
[12]高洪波,章铁军,吕桂云,吴晓蕾,周志男.NaCl胁迫下外源γ-氨基丁酸对黄瓜幼苗生长和活性氧代谢的影响.西北植物学报,2007,27(10):2046-2051.GAO H B,ZHANG T J,LYU G Y,WU X L,ZHOU Z N.Effects of exogenousγ-aminobutyric acid on growth and reactive oxygen species metabolism of cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(10):2046-2051.
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[14]王晓冬,解备涛,李建民,段留生.外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对小麦苗期耐涝性的影响.华北农学报,2010,25(1):155-160.WANG X D,XIE B T,LI J M,DUAN L S.Effects of exogenous GABA on waterlogged tolerance in wheat seedlings.Acta Agricultura Boreali-Sinica,2010,25(1):155-160.
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[16]李杰,窦晓月,车永梅,刘新.NO参与γ-氨基丁酸促进白三叶种子的萌发过程.植物生理学通讯,2008,44(6):1071-1074.LI J,DOU X Y,CHEN Y M,LIU X.Nitric oxide involved in seed germination of Trifolium repens L.promoted byγ-aminobutyric acid.Plant Physiology Communications,2008,44(6):1071-1074.
[17]王日明,熊兴耀.高温胁迫对黑麦草生长及生理代谢的影响.草业学报,2016,25(8):81-90.WANG R M,XIONG X Y.Effect of high temperature stress on growth and physiological metabolism in perennial ryegrass.Acta Pratcculturae Sinica,2016,25(8):81-90.
[18]HISCOX T D,ISRAELSTAM G F.A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissues without maceration.Canadian Journal of Botany,1979,57(12):1332-1334.
[19]LUTTS S,ALMANSOURI M,KINET J M.Salinity and water stress have contrasting effects on the relationship between growth and cell viability during and after stress exposure in durum wheat callus.Plant Science,2004,167:9-18.
[20]HU L X,LI H Y,PANG H C.Responses of antioxidant gene,protein and enzymes to salinity stress in two genotypes of perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne)differing in salt tolerance.Journal of Plant Physiology,2012,169:146-156.
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