基于微型PMU的配电线路抗差参数辨识
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摘要
微型相量测量单元装置为智能配电网提高可观性和可控性提供了基础。研究了基于微型相量测量单元的配电网线路参数抗差辨识方法:针对配电网三相运行不对称的情况,构建了基于相分量描述的配电线路三相π型等值模型,结合微型相量测量单元提供的多组线路两端电压、电流相量数据,提出了基于相分量模型的、适应配电网不对称运行的最小二乘线路参数辨识方法;并引入2种抗差方法,一种为基于Huber估计的抗差最小二乘法,另一种为基于中位数估计的抗差最小二乘法。在中性点经消弧线圈或小电阻接地系统中,所提方法仅需要线路两端的电压和电流相量即可在辨识线路相参数的同时获得线路正序和零序参数;在中性点不接地系统中,由于没有零序电流分量,当系统正常运行时所提方法可辨识线路正序参数。算例仿真验证了所提方法的有效性,并比较了2种抗差方法在辨识精度、计算耗时方面的优劣,结果表明,基于中位数估计的抗差最小二乘法的抗差性能更好,计算时间较短。
Micro PMU( Phasor Measurement Unit) provides the foundation for improving the observability and controllability of intelligent distribution network. A robust identification method for the distribution line parameters based on micro PMU is studied. Aiming at the asymmetric operation of three-phase distribution network,the three-phase π-type equivalent model of distribution lines based on phase component description is established,and then the line parameter identification method based on the LS( Least Squares) algorithm is proposed considering multiple sets of voltage and current phasor data at both ends of lines provided by micro PMUs,which is based on the phase component model and is suitable for asymmetrical operation of distribution network. And two robust estimation methods are introduced,one is HRLS( Huber estimation based Robust Least Squares) algorithm and the other is MRLS( Median estimation based Robust Least Squares) algorithm. In the system whose neutral point is grounded by arc suppression coil or low resistance,the proposed method only requires the voltage and current phasor at both ends of lines to identify the phase parameters and obtain the positive and zero sequence parameters of lines. In the neutral ungrounded system,the proposed methods can identify the positive sequence parameters of lines when the system is in normal operation since there is no zero sequence current component. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified and the advantages and disadvantages of two robust methods in identification precision and computing time are compared by example simulation. Simulative results show that MRLS algorithm has better robust performance and less computing time.
Micro PMU( Phasor Measurement Unit) provides the foundation for improving the observability and controllability of intelligent distribution network. A robust identification method for the distribution line parameters based on micro PMU is studied. Aiming at the asymmetric operation of three-phase distribution network,the three-phase π-type equivalent model of distribution lines based on phase component description is established,and then the line parameter identification method based on the LS( Least Squares) algorithm is proposed considering multiple sets of voltage and current phasor data at both ends of lines provided by micro PMUs,which is based on the phase component model and is suitable for asymmetrical operation of distribution network. And two robust estimation methods are introduced,one is HRLS( Huber estimation based Robust Least Squares) algorithm and the other is MRLS( Median estimation based Robust Least Squares) algorithm. In the system whose neutral point is grounded by arc suppression coil or low resistance,the proposed method only requires the voltage and current phasor at both ends of lines to identify the phase parameters and obtain the positive and zero sequence parameters of lines. In the neutral ungrounded system,the proposed methods can identify the positive sequence parameters of lines when the system is in normal operation since there is no zero sequence current component. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified and the advantages and disadvantages of two robust methods in identification precision and computing time are compared by example simulation. Simulative results show that MRLS algorithm has better robust performance and less computing time.
引文
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[5]马庆法.高精度电力系统轻型广域测量装置及系统[D].济南:山东大学,2014.MA Qingfa.High accuracy light wide area measurement device and system of power system[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2014.
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[7]谢潇磊,刘亚东,孙鹏,等.新型配电网线路PMU装置的研制[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):15-20.XIE Xiaolei,LIU Yadong,SUN Peng,et al.Development of a new distribution network PMU device[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):15-20.
[8]李江,徐志临,李国庆,等.配电网微型PMU与故障录波装置研究与开发[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(9):54-59.LI Jiang,XU Zhilin,LI Guoqing,et al.Research and development of micro PMU and fault wave recording dvice for distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,39(9):54-59.
[9]赵德奎.架空输电线路工频参数测量研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.ZHAO Dekui.Research on transmission line power frequency parameters[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2010.
[10]胡志坚,陈允平,徐玮,等.基于微分方程的互感线路参数带电测量研究与实现[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(2):28-33.HU Zhijian,CHEN Yunping,XU Wei,et al.Principles and realization of live line measurement of parameters of transmission lines with mutual inductance based on differential equations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(2):28-33.
[11]曾兵,吴文传,张伯明.基于Karush-Kuhn-Tucker最优条件的电网可疑参数辨识与估计[J].电网技术,2010,34(1):56-61.ZENG Bing,WU Wenchuan,ZHANG Boming.A method to identify and estimate network parameter errors based on Karush-KuhnTucker condition[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(1):56-61.
[12]薛安成,张兆阳,毕天姝.基于自适应抗差最小二乘的线路正序参数在线辨识方法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):202-209.XUE Ancheng,ZHANG Zhaoyang,BI Tianshu.Online identification of transmission line positive-sequence parameters based on adaptive robust least squares[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):202-209.
[13]薛安成,游宏宇,苏大威,等.基于中位数估计和相分量模型的输电线路序参数在线抗差辨识[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(8):88-94.XUE Ancheng,YOU Hongyu,SU Dawei,et al.On-line robust identification of transmission line's sequence parameter based on median estimation and phase component model[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(8):88-94.
[14]PROSTEJOVSKY A M,GEHRKE O,KOSEK A M,et al.Distribution line parameter estimation under consideration of measurement tolerances[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2016,12(2):726-735.
[15]PROSTEJOVSKY A M,GEHRKE O,KOSEK A M,et al.Recursive estimation of n-line parameters for electric power distribution grids[C]∥Electrical Power and Energy Conference.Ottawa,ON,Canada:IEEE,2016:1-6.
[16]PEGORARO P A,CASTELLO P,MUSCAS C,et al.Handling instrument transformers and PMU errors for the estimation of line parameters in distribution grids[C]∥IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems.Liverpool,UK:IEEE,2017:1-6.
[17]VICOL B,GAVRILA爦M,IVANOV O,et al.Synchrophasor measurement method for overhead line parameters estimation in MV distribution networks[C]∥2014 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power(ICHQP).Bucharest,Romania:IEEE,2014:862-865.
[18]曾祥君,黄明玮,王文,等.配电网三相不平衡过电压有源抑制方法研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(9):61-69.ZENG Xiangjun,HUANG Mingwei,WANG Wen,et al.Research on active suppression method of three-phase unbalanced overvoltage for distribution networks[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(9):61-69.
[19]丁蓝.基于PMU的输电线路参数辨识与戴维南等值研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2012.DING Lan.Study on parameter identification of transmission line and Thevenin equivalent based on PMU[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2012.
[20]PAL S,SIKDAR B,CHOW J.Classification and detection of PMUdata manipulation attacks using transmission line parameters[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(5):5057-5066.
[21]HUBER P J.Robust estimation of a location parameter[J].The Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1964,35(1):73-101.
[22]薛安成,徐劲松,苏大威,等.抗差输电线路正序参数辨识方法:CN107328996A[P].2017-11-07.
[2]LIU Yilu.A US-wide power systems frequency monitoring network[C]∥2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.Atlanta,GA,USA:IEEE,2006:159-166.
[3]MEIER A V,CULLER D,MCEACHERN A,et al.Micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems[C]∥2014 IEEE PES Inovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference(ISGT).Washington DC,USA:IEEE,2014:1-5.
[4]PINTE B,QUINLAN M,REINHARD K.Low voltage micro-Phasor Measurement Unit(μPMU)[C]∥2015 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois(PECI).Champaign,IL,USA:IEEE,2015:1-4.
[5]马庆法.高精度电力系统轻型广域测量装置及系统[D].济南:山东大学,2014.MA Qingfa.High accuracy light wide area measurement device and system of power system[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2014.
[6]LUO C C,LIU C W.Design and implementation of dual time synchronization signal for micro Phasor Measurement Unit(μPMU)[C]∥2016 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings.Taiwan,China:IEEE,2016:1-6.
[7]谢潇磊,刘亚东,孙鹏,等.新型配电网线路PMU装置的研制[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):15-20.XIE Xiaolei,LIU Yadong,SUN Peng,et al.Development of a new distribution network PMU device[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):15-20.
[8]李江,徐志临,李国庆,等.配电网微型PMU与故障录波装置研究与开发[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(9):54-59.LI Jiang,XU Zhilin,LI Guoqing,et al.Research and development of micro PMU and fault wave recording dvice for distribution network[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,39(9):54-59.
[9]赵德奎.架空输电线路工频参数测量研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.ZHAO Dekui.Research on transmission line power frequency parameters[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2010.
[10]胡志坚,陈允平,徐玮,等.基于微分方程的互感线路参数带电测量研究与实现[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(2):28-33.HU Zhijian,CHEN Yunping,XU Wei,et al.Principles and realization of live line measurement of parameters of transmission lines with mutual inductance based on differential equations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(2):28-33.
[11]曾兵,吴文传,张伯明.基于Karush-Kuhn-Tucker最优条件的电网可疑参数辨识与估计[J].电网技术,2010,34(1):56-61.ZENG Bing,WU Wenchuan,ZHANG Boming.A method to identify and estimate network parameter errors based on Karush-KuhnTucker condition[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(1):56-61.
[12]薛安成,张兆阳,毕天姝.基于自适应抗差最小二乘的线路正序参数在线辨识方法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):202-209.XUE Ancheng,ZHANG Zhaoyang,BI Tianshu.Online identification of transmission line positive-sequence parameters based on adaptive robust least squares[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):202-209.
[13]薛安成,游宏宇,苏大威,等.基于中位数估计和相分量模型的输电线路序参数在线抗差辨识[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(8):88-94.XUE Ancheng,YOU Hongyu,SU Dawei,et al.On-line robust identification of transmission line's sequence parameter based on median estimation and phase component model[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(8):88-94.
[14]PROSTEJOVSKY A M,GEHRKE O,KOSEK A M,et al.Distribution line parameter estimation under consideration of measurement tolerances[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2016,12(2):726-735.
[15]PROSTEJOVSKY A M,GEHRKE O,KOSEK A M,et al.Recursive estimation of n-line parameters for electric power distribution grids[C]∥Electrical Power and Energy Conference.Ottawa,ON,Canada:IEEE,2016:1-6.
[16]PEGORARO P A,CASTELLO P,MUSCAS C,et al.Handling instrument transformers and PMU errors for the estimation of line parameters in distribution grids[C]∥IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems.Liverpool,UK:IEEE,2017:1-6.
[17]VICOL B,GAVRILA爦M,IVANOV O,et al.Synchrophasor measurement method for overhead line parameters estimation in MV distribution networks[C]∥2014 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power(ICHQP).Bucharest,Romania:IEEE,2014:862-865.
[18]曾祥君,黄明玮,王文,等.配电网三相不平衡过电压有源抑制方法研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(9):61-69.ZENG Xiangjun,HUANG Mingwei,WANG Wen,et al.Research on active suppression method of three-phase unbalanced overvoltage for distribution networks[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(9):61-69.
[19]丁蓝.基于PMU的输电线路参数辨识与戴维南等值研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2012.DING Lan.Study on parameter identification of transmission line and Thevenin equivalent based on PMU[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2012.
[20]PAL S,SIKDAR B,CHOW J.Classification and detection of PMUdata manipulation attacks using transmission line parameters[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(5):5057-5066.
[21]HUBER P J.Robust estimation of a location parameter[J].The Annals of Mathematical Statistics,1964,35(1):73-101.
[22]薛安成,徐劲松,苏大威,等.抗差输电线路正序参数辨识方法:CN107328996A[P].2017-11-07.
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