Ni60/铝青铜喷涂后定向凝固涂层的微观结构与耐磨性
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摘要
目的为有效提高涂层的耐磨性能,提出制备定向结构复合涂层,通过评估其性能及结构特征,探索定向结构在涂层制备中的应用。方法以Ni60/铝青铜为研究对象,采用感应重熔+强制冷却技术对预制涂层进行处理,制备定向凝固复合涂层。借助销盘式摩擦试验机、OM、SEM、XRD、显微硬度计对其摩擦学行为、微观组织形貌、显微硬度进行表征研究。结果摩擦磨损试验表明,相对于预制涂层,在载荷分别为50、100、150 N时,重熔涂层的体积磨损率分别降低了85%、80%、82%,而定向凝固涂层的体积磨损率分别降低了93%、84%、86%,定向凝固涂层具有更好的耐磨性能。微观结构分析表明,重熔涂层和定向凝固涂层与基体均形成了牢固的冶金结合,而定向凝固涂层组织基本控制了晶粒沿着热流方向生长,并形成硬质相包裹枝晶的裹壳结构。定向凝固涂层随载荷的升高,摩擦系数保持稳定。结论通过感应重熔+强制冷却技术制备了定向凝固Ni60/铝青铜复合涂层,其定向结构的形成使涂层具有更加优越的耐磨性能。
To improve the wear resistance of coatings effectively, prepare the directional solidification composite coatings and explore the application of directional structure in coating preparation by evaluating performance and structural characteristics. Ni60/aluminum bronze was taken as the research material, the directional solidification composite coatings were prepared by induction remelting + forced cooling technology. The tribological behavior, microstructure morphology and microhardness were characterized by pin plate friction testing machine, OM, SEM, XRD and microhardness tester. The friction and wear test showed that, compared with prefabricated coatings, when the load was 50, 100 and 150 N, the volumetric wear rate of the induction remelting coating was decreased by 6.7 times, 5 times and 6.5 times, while that of the directional solidification coating was reduced by12.9 times, 6.8 times and 7.5 times. Therefore, the directional solidification coating had better wear resistance. The microstructure analysis showed that the strong metallurgical bond was formed in the remelting coating and the directional solidification coating, and the directional solidification coating controlled the growth of the grain along the direction of heat flow, and formed the shell structure of hard phase wrapping the dendrites. The directional solidification coating exhibited stable friction coefficients along with the elevated loads. The directional solidification Ni60/aluminum bronze composite coating is prepared by induction remelting + forced cooling technology, and the formation of directional structure makes the coating have better wear resistance.
To improve the wear resistance of coatings effectively, prepare the directional solidification composite coatings and explore the application of directional structure in coating preparation by evaluating performance and structural characteristics. Ni60/aluminum bronze was taken as the research material, the directional solidification composite coatings were prepared by induction remelting + forced cooling technology. The tribological behavior, microstructure morphology and microhardness were characterized by pin plate friction testing machine, OM, SEM, XRD and microhardness tester. The friction and wear test showed that, compared with prefabricated coatings, when the load was 50, 100 and 150 N, the volumetric wear rate of the induction remelting coating was decreased by 6.7 times, 5 times and 6.5 times, while that of the directional solidification coating was reduced by12.9 times, 6.8 times and 7.5 times. Therefore, the directional solidification coating had better wear resistance. The microstructure analysis showed that the strong metallurgical bond was formed in the remelting coating and the directional solidification coating, and the directional solidification coating controlled the growth of the grain along the direction of heat flow, and formed the shell structure of hard phase wrapping the dendrites. The directional solidification coating exhibited stable friction coefficients along with the elevated loads. The directional solidification Ni60/aluminum bronze composite coating is prepared by induction remelting + forced cooling technology, and the formation of directional structure makes the coating have better wear resistance.
引文
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[2]肖逸锋,曾凡检,匡雯慧,等.真空烧结熔覆Ni60涂层的组织和性能[J].金属热处理,2017,42(7):83-87.XIAO Yi-feng,ZENG Fan-jian,KUANG Wen-hui,et al.Microstructure and properties of Ni60 coating by vacuum sintering cladding[J].Heat treatment of metals,2017,42(7):83-87.
[3]HUANG K,MARTHINSEN K,Zhao Q L,et al.The double-edge effect of second-phase particles on the recrystallization behaviour and associated mechanical properties of metallic materials[J].Progress in materials science,2018,92:284-359.
[4]杨效田,李霞,杨晓伟,等.Ni60/高铝青铜多元多相复合涂层制备及其微观结构特征[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2016,37(3):461-467.YANG Xiao-tian,LI Xia,YANG Xiao-wei,et al.Preparation of multivariate multiphase composite coatings of Ni60/high aluminum bronze and its microstructure characteristics[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2016,37(3):461-467.
[5]GONG T Z,CHEN Y,CAO Y F,et al.Fast simulations of a large number of crystals growth in centimeter-scale during alloy solidification via nonlinearly preconditioned quantitative phase-field formula[J].Computational materials science,2018,147:338-352.
[6]郭建亭.一种性能优异的低成本定向凝固镍基高温合金DZ417G[J].金属学报,2002,38(11):1163-1174.GUO Jian-ting.A directionally solidified nickel-base superalloy DZ417G with excellent properties and low cost[J].Acta metallurgica sinica,2002,38(11):1163-1174.
[7]BOURBAN S,KARAPATIS N,HOFMANN H,et al.Solidification microstructure of laser remelted Al2O3-Zr O2eutectic[J].Acta materialia,1997,45(12):5069-5075.
[8]JIA H M,FENG X H,YANG Y S.Effect of crystal orientation on corrosion behavior of directionally solidified Mg-4wt%Zn alloy[J].Journal of materials science&technology,2018,34(7):1229-1235.
[9]陈爱智,张永振,肖宏滨,等.耐磨涂层材料摩擦磨损特性的研究进展[J].洛阳工学院学报,2001,22(2):12-16.CHEN Ai-zhi,ZHANG Yong-zhen,XIAO Hong-bin,et al.The research development of the friction and wear properties of wear-resistant coating materials[J].Journal of Luoyang Institute of Technology,2001,22(2):12-16.
[10]王智平,刘俊钊,路阳,等.超音速等离子制备多元铝青铜合金涂层的组织[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2012,32(1):9-12.WANG Zhi-ping,LIU Jun-zhao,LU Yang,et al.Microstructure of multi-element aluminum bronze coatings prepared by supersonic plasma spraying[J].Special casting&nonferrous alloys,2012,32(1):9-12.
[11]王东生,田宗军,沈理达,等.等离子喷涂纳米复合陶瓷涂层的组织结构及其形成机理[J].中国有色金属学报,2009,19(1):77-83.WANG Dong-sheng,TIAN Zong-jun,SHEN Li-da,et al.Microstructure and formation mechanism of plasmasprayed nanostructured composite ceramic coatings[J].The Chinese journal of nonferrous metals,2009,19(1):77-83.
[12]韩桂泉,张增志,付跃文.高频感应熔涂Ni Cr BSi合金涂层的组织与性能的研究[J].润滑与密封,2006(6):95-97.HAN Gui-quan,ZHANG Zeng-zhi,FU Yue-wen.Study on Microstructures and properties of NiCrBSi alloy coating produced by high frequency induction cladding[J].Lubrication engineering,2006(6):95-97.
[13]HOUDKOVá?,SMAZALOVáE,VOST?áK M,et al.Properties of NiCrBSi coating,as spray and remelted by different technologies[J].Surface&coatings technology,2014,253(9):14-26.
[14]杨效田,王鹏春,李霞,等.复合制备Ni基合金涂层的组织结构及性能演变特征[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2015,46(3):693-698.YANG Xiao-tian,WANG Peng-chun,LI Xia,et al.Evolution characteristics of microstructure of Ni-based alloy coatings and their properties under complex process[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2015,46(3):693-698.
[15]LIU X Z,SHEN Q W,LIU X Z,et al.Effect of heat treatment temperature on the spectral properties of Cu-Ni coating[J].Spectroscopy&spectral analysis,2015,35(4):1094-1098.
[16]杨效田,王智平,路阳,等.超音速等离子-感应复合技术制备高铝铜合金涂层特性[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2012,33(7):906-910.YANG Xiao-tian,WANG Zhi-ping,LU Yang,et al.Characteristics of high-aluminium copper alloy coating made by supersonic plasma spraying and induction-refusion composite technology[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2012,33(7):906-910.
[17]李殿凯,李明喜,洪海峰.Y2O3对等离子喷焊高铬铁基涂层组织和性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(6):153-157.LI Dian-kai,LI Ming-xi,HONG Hai-feng.Effect of Y2O3on microstructure and properties of high-chromium Fe-base coating produced by plasma arc cladding process[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2013,34(6):153-157.
[18]肖宏滨,张永振,陈跃,等.等离子喷涂Ni/Mo S2涂层干滑动摩擦磨损[J].热加工工艺,2004(10):11-13.XIAO Hong-bin,ZHANG Yong-zhen,CHEN Yue,et al.Dry sliding wear and friction behavior of plasma-sprayed Ni/Mo S2 coating[J].Hot working technology,2004(10):11-13.
[19]高原,王成磊,黄家强,等.高频感应熔敷Ni60合金组织及耐磨性的研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2011,40(2):309-312.GAO Yuan,WANG Cheng-lei,HUANG Jia-qiang,et al.Microstructure and wear resistance of Ni60 layer prepared by high-frequency induction cladding[J].Rare metal materials and engineering,2011,40(2):309-312.
[20]夏扬,韩胜利,崔舜,等.高气密性Mo-Cu-Ni瓷封合金[J].真空电子技术,2006(4):36-39.XIA Yang,HAN Sheng-li,CUI Shun,et al.Microstructure and the properties of Mo-Cu-Ni hermetic alloy[J].Vacuum electronics,2006(4):36-39.
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